汶川地震房屋建筑震害分析及重建隔震设计研究
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摘要
论文以大量的汶川地震建筑震害资料为基础,对砌体结构、框架结构和混合结构(砖木结构和底框结构)在地震中的震害表现进行了概括和总结,对其破坏机理进行了简单的探讨和分析,并就《建筑抗震设计规范》针对汶川地震做出的修订进行了分析和说明；对在地震中破坏严重、造成人员伤亡和经济损失较大的学校建筑和卫生、医疗类建筑的震害表现,进行了重点剖析。此外,对我国城乡建筑抗震安全水平的巨大差异,进行了简单阐述。
各种结构形式建筑中,楼梯间的破坏都比较严重,论文做重点研究。在ETABS结构分析软件中建立三个不同的分析模型,一个不考虑楼梯间对整体结构抗震能力的影响,另外两个设置楼梯间,但分别位于建筑物两端和中间。分析显示,楼梯间的支撑作用改变了整体结构的自振周期、层间位移角和框架柱内力,对整体结构的抗震安全能力有较大影响,结构设计中不考虑楼梯间的作法是不全面的。此外,楼梯间的设置位置,对结构的抗震能力也有影响。
隔震设计在新西兰、美国和日本等国应用较多,但在我国,特别是汶川地震灾区,还比较少见。论文以都江堰震后某在建基础隔震建筑为例,与传统抗震设计方法展开对比,对在震后重建中使用隔震技术的安全性和经济性进行了定量分析,证实使用隔震设计后,重建建筑在得到良好抗震能力的同时,还可以部分降低造价。学校建筑结构形式特殊,破坏后果严重,重建时使用隔震设计可以有效地提高抗震安全能力；医疗、卫生类建筑属城市生命线工程范畴,重建时应积极采用隔震设计；对于其它重要建筑的重建,隔震设计也非常合适。
Base on lots of building damage materials in Wenchuan earthquake, the damage of the buildings with masonry, concrete frame and mixed structure was summarized in this paper, and the failure mechanism of the damage was discussed and analyzed also. Some of the revise of code for seismic damage of buildings for the Wenchuan earthquake were explained simply, then. School and hospital buildings were damaged seriously in the earthquake, so they were the emphasis in all of the analysis. What's more, the huge differences of the seismic capability between the city and town and country were illustrated simply, too.
Staircases were damaged seriously in the buildings with all of the structures, so a deep study was made in this paper.3 different models were made in ETABS:one of which had no staircase, one with two staircases locating at the ends of the buildings and one with a staircase locating at the center of the building. Running the analysis, the results show that the periods, story angles, and the inner forces of the frame columns of the structures were changed a lot for the bracing strut function of the staircases and staircases had an obvious influence on the seismic capability of the buildings.
Seismic isolation design was used often in New Zealand, U.S.A and Japan etc, but seldom in China, especially in the Wenchuan earthquake devastated areas. Taking a building under construction with base seismic isolation for example, the analysis on safety and economic was made in the paper, compared with traditional method. The results show that buildings with seismic isolation can get better seismic capability on a lower price. School buildings using particular structure usually and the safety of them is so important that should choose seismic isolation firstly. Hospital buildings belong to lifeline system in cities, and seismic isolation design can improve their seismic capability efficiently in reconstruction. In addition, seismic isolation design is very suitable for important buildings in the reconstruction, too.
各种结构形式建筑中,楼梯间的破坏都比较严重,论文做重点研究。在ETABS结构分析软件中建立三个不同的分析模型,一个不考虑楼梯间对整体结构抗震能力的影响,另外两个设置楼梯间,但分别位于建筑物两端和中间。分析显示,楼梯间的支撑作用改变了整体结构的自振周期、层间位移角和框架柱内力,对整体结构的抗震安全能力有较大影响,结构设计中不考虑楼梯间的作法是不全面的。此外,楼梯间的设置位置,对结构的抗震能力也有影响。
隔震设计在新西兰、美国和日本等国应用较多,但在我国,特别是汶川地震灾区,还比较少见。论文以都江堰震后某在建基础隔震建筑为例,与传统抗震设计方法展开对比,对在震后重建中使用隔震技术的安全性和经济性进行了定量分析,证实使用隔震设计后,重建建筑在得到良好抗震能力的同时,还可以部分降低造价。学校建筑结构形式特殊,破坏后果严重,重建时使用隔震设计可以有效地提高抗震安全能力；医疗、卫生类建筑属城市生命线工程范畴,重建时应积极采用隔震设计；对于其它重要建筑的重建,隔震设计也非常合适。
Base on lots of building damage materials in Wenchuan earthquake, the damage of the buildings with masonry, concrete frame and mixed structure was summarized in this paper, and the failure mechanism of the damage was discussed and analyzed also. Some of the revise of code for seismic damage of buildings for the Wenchuan earthquake were explained simply, then. School and hospital buildings were damaged seriously in the earthquake, so they were the emphasis in all of the analysis. What's more, the huge differences of the seismic capability between the city and town and country were illustrated simply, too.
Staircases were damaged seriously in the buildings with all of the structures, so a deep study was made in this paper.3 different models were made in ETABS:one of which had no staircase, one with two staircases locating at the ends of the buildings and one with a staircase locating at the center of the building. Running the analysis, the results show that the periods, story angles, and the inner forces of the frame columns of the structures were changed a lot for the bracing strut function of the staircases and staircases had an obvious influence on the seismic capability of the buildings.
Seismic isolation design was used often in New Zealand, U.S.A and Japan etc, but seldom in China, especially in the Wenchuan earthquake devastated areas. Taking a building under construction with base seismic isolation for example, the analysis on safety and economic was made in the paper, compared with traditional method. The results show that buildings with seismic isolation can get better seismic capability on a lower price. School buildings using particular structure usually and the safety of them is so important that should choose seismic isolation firstly. Hospital buildings belong to lifeline system in cities, and seismic isolation design can improve their seismic capability efficiently in reconstruction. In addition, seismic isolation design is very suitable for important buildings in the reconstruction, too.
引文
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