氯铝酸离子液体的制备及其对烷基化反应的催化作用
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摘要
离子液体作为一种新型环境友好的催化剂和溶剂,在化学工业中具有广阔的应用前景。本文以苯与1-己烯的烷基化反应作为目标反应,以氯铝酸离子液体作为催化剂展开研究,包括离子液体合成、负载离子液体的制备和催化剂的性能评价等。
首先,以吡啶、4-甲基吡啶、咪唑为阳离子,AlCl_3为阴离子,制备了一系列离子液体催化剂。为提高合成效率,对离子液体中间体的合成工艺进行了优化,采用微波辐射的方法制备了[BMIm]Cl,正交实验的结果表明,该方法能得到较纯的产物,可以提高合成速度。考察了这些离子液体催化剂在苯烷基化反应中的催化作用,催化剂的评价采用间歇式反应,原料及产物的组成采用气相色谱仪进行分析。在实验过程分别考察了离子液体的组成、用量、稳定性及不同反应条件对烷基化反应的影响。在苯与1-己烯烷基化反应中,离子液体对苯烷基化的催化作用优于现有的催化剂,苯烯比、催化剂组成、反应温度、反应时间对烯烃的转化率的影响都很小,但对2位烷基苯的选择性有影响。
然后以载体硅胶(SiO_2)负载氯铝酸盐室温离子液体,通过改变负载工艺,制得了不同的负载离子液体催化剂。在间歇操作条件下考察其催化苯与1-己烯烷基化的反应性能。结果表明,一步负载法和硅氧键和法得到的负载离子液体其催化性能较好,与离子液体催化剂相比,负载离子液体催化剂的2-苯基异构体的选择性有所提高。
Ionic liquid as a new, environmentally friendly catalyst and solvents in the chemical industry will have broad prospects for application. The catalysis of chloroaluminate ionic liquids in alkylation process is studied in this article,ionic liquid's synthesis, supported ionic liquid's preparation and catalyst performance were included in the article.Ionic liquids are synthesized by different cation, such as pyridine;4-methyl-pyridine , imidazole and aluminum trichloride as anion. In order to improve the synthetical efficiency, the microwave assisted synthesis of [BMIm]Cl have been studied. From the orthogonal experimental result, the pure products have been gained and efficiency was improved. The alkylation of benzene with alkene catalyzed is investigated. Raw material and products are analyzed by gaschromatogram. Ionic liquids's composition, weight, active, stability are studied, some technical conditions are tested. Through analysis the experiment datum, in this response the catalyst's selectivity and activity are higher. In the alkylation process of benzene, the ratio of benzene to olefin, the composition of catalysts, temperature and length of time have little effect on the conversion of olefin, but have effect on the selectivity of 2-alkyl-benzene.Besides, immobilization of chloroaluminate ionic liquid on mesoporous silica by processes was carried out also. The catalytic properties of the immobilized catalyst for benzene alkylation with 1-hexen were studied and compared with the same type of common IL. The reaction selectivity of the immobilized chloroaluminate ionic liquid have good selectivity of 2-alkyl-benzene.
首先,以吡啶、4-甲基吡啶、咪唑为阳离子,AlCl_3为阴离子,制备了一系列离子液体催化剂。为提高合成效率,对离子液体中间体的合成工艺进行了优化,采用微波辐射的方法制备了[BMIm]Cl,正交实验的结果表明,该方法能得到较纯的产物,可以提高合成速度。考察了这些离子液体催化剂在苯烷基化反应中的催化作用,催化剂的评价采用间歇式反应,原料及产物的组成采用气相色谱仪进行分析。在实验过程分别考察了离子液体的组成、用量、稳定性及不同反应条件对烷基化反应的影响。在苯与1-己烯烷基化反应中,离子液体对苯烷基化的催化作用优于现有的催化剂,苯烯比、催化剂组成、反应温度、反应时间对烯烃的转化率的影响都很小,但对2位烷基苯的选择性有影响。
然后以载体硅胶(SiO_2)负载氯铝酸盐室温离子液体,通过改变负载工艺,制得了不同的负载离子液体催化剂。在间歇操作条件下考察其催化苯与1-己烯烷基化的反应性能。结果表明,一步负载法和硅氧键和法得到的负载离子液体其催化性能较好,与离子液体催化剂相比,负载离子液体催化剂的2-苯基异构体的选择性有所提高。
Ionic liquid as a new, environmentally friendly catalyst and solvents in the chemical industry will have broad prospects for application. The catalysis of chloroaluminate ionic liquids in alkylation process is studied in this article,ionic liquid's synthesis, supported ionic liquid's preparation and catalyst performance were included in the article.Ionic liquids are synthesized by different cation, such as pyridine;4-methyl-pyridine , imidazole and aluminum trichloride as anion. In order to improve the synthetical efficiency, the microwave assisted synthesis of [BMIm]Cl have been studied. From the orthogonal experimental result, the pure products have been gained and efficiency was improved. The alkylation of benzene with alkene catalyzed is investigated. Raw material and products are analyzed by gaschromatogram. Ionic liquids's composition, weight, active, stability are studied, some technical conditions are tested. Through analysis the experiment datum, in this response the catalyst's selectivity and activity are higher. In the alkylation process of benzene, the ratio of benzene to olefin, the composition of catalysts, temperature and length of time have little effect on the conversion of olefin, but have effect on the selectivity of 2-alkyl-benzene.Besides, immobilization of chloroaluminate ionic liquid on mesoporous silica by processes was carried out also. The catalytic properties of the immobilized catalyst for benzene alkylation with 1-hexen were studied and compared with the same type of common IL. The reaction selectivity of the immobilized chloroaluminate ionic liquid have good selectivity of 2-alkyl-benzene.
引文
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