高职高专英语混合学习研究
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摘要
中国目前有多少人在学习英语是一个很难确切统计的数字。即使尚在幼儿园的小朋友都已经开始学习英语了,英语学习在中国的普及程度可见一般。英语教学的改革是大势所趋。
2004年1月30日教育部印发的《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》认为:“新的教学模式应以现代信息技术,特别是网络技术为支撑,使英语的教与学可以在一定程度上不受时间和地点的限制,朝着个性化和自主学习方向发展。”这个要求为英语教学带来了新的机遇和挑战。一些院校已经开始将这个要求付诸实施。为了更好地贯彻这个要求,有必要对当前的应用情况进行调查研究。基于这样的背景,笔者提出了本研究题目。
混合学习(blended learning)的概念自2003年由何克抗教授引进以来,一直受到国内学者的关注,这是因为混合学习是对传统教学改革和对e-learning反思后变革的融合点。(赵丽娟,2004)
论文首先陈述了自主学习、混合学习的各种定义,归纳整理了当前网络环境下混合学习的特点和优势,接着分析了语言学和学习的相关理论,据此找到了自主学习、人本主义、社会建构主义是混合学习应用于英语教学的理论基石。
调查问卷,旨在调查东软信息学院实行混合学习的现状,并在对一些学生做访谈的基础上,分析形成这种现状的原因。笔者得出结论,学生喜欢混合学习的模式,混合学习模式需要老师和学生投入更多的时间和精力。最后,笔者呈现了一个混合学习的教学过程模式流程。
English is widely used all over the world. Concerning the large size of Chinese population, it is hard to get the correct number of how many Chinese are learning English. Even the little kids in the kindergarten start to learn English before they start to learn Chinese characters. Chinese government has placed on the agenda an educational reform on English teaching and learning.
In 2004, the Education Ministry issued College English Curriculum Requirements (For Trial Implementation). This requirement regulates:“The new teaching model should be built on modern information technology, particularly network technology so that English language teaching will be free from the constraints of time or place and geared toward students’individualized and autonomous learning.”This new teaching requirement brings new opportunities to English teaching and learning. Some universities and colleges have started to apply it to the daily teaching and learning. It is necessary to survey the present situation of the application of blended learning. It is significantly important for the teachers to build an appropriate teaching model, which can take good use of modern technology. For such purpose, the researcher proposes the present study.
Since blended learning was introduced to China by professor He Kekang in 2003, it has been a matter of concern to domestic scholars. This is because blended learning serves as a connecting point of traditional teaching and e-learning. (Zhao Lijuan, 2004)
This thesis begins with all kinds of its definitions of blended learning and then analyzes the characters and advantages of blended learning under the environment of the internet and presents related theories in linguistics and learning, based on these, the theoretical foundations of blended learning are presented.
Then a questionnaire was made to investigate the current state of the application of the blended learning at Neusoft Information Technology institute. After the questionnaire was analyzed, some students are interviewed in order to find out the underlying factors responsible for the present situation.
According to the findings from the survey, the researcher concludes that students like the learning style---- blended learning. And blended learning requires more involvement of teachers and students. At last, a model of blended learning process is presented.
2004年1月30日教育部印发的《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》认为:“新的教学模式应以现代信息技术,特别是网络技术为支撑,使英语的教与学可以在一定程度上不受时间和地点的限制,朝着个性化和自主学习方向发展。”这个要求为英语教学带来了新的机遇和挑战。一些院校已经开始将这个要求付诸实施。为了更好地贯彻这个要求,有必要对当前的应用情况进行调查研究。基于这样的背景,笔者提出了本研究题目。
混合学习(blended learning)的概念自2003年由何克抗教授引进以来,一直受到国内学者的关注,这是因为混合学习是对传统教学改革和对e-learning反思后变革的融合点。(赵丽娟,2004)
论文首先陈述了自主学习、混合学习的各种定义,归纳整理了当前网络环境下混合学习的特点和优势,接着分析了语言学和学习的相关理论,据此找到了自主学习、人本主义、社会建构主义是混合学习应用于英语教学的理论基石。
调查问卷,旨在调查东软信息学院实行混合学习的现状,并在对一些学生做访谈的基础上,分析形成这种现状的原因。笔者得出结论,学生喜欢混合学习的模式,混合学习模式需要老师和学生投入更多的时间和精力。最后,笔者呈现了一个混合学习的教学过程模式流程。
English is widely used all over the world. Concerning the large size of Chinese population, it is hard to get the correct number of how many Chinese are learning English. Even the little kids in the kindergarten start to learn English before they start to learn Chinese characters. Chinese government has placed on the agenda an educational reform on English teaching and learning.
In 2004, the Education Ministry issued College English Curriculum Requirements (For Trial Implementation). This requirement regulates:“The new teaching model should be built on modern information technology, particularly network technology so that English language teaching will be free from the constraints of time or place and geared toward students’individualized and autonomous learning.”This new teaching requirement brings new opportunities to English teaching and learning. Some universities and colleges have started to apply it to the daily teaching and learning. It is necessary to survey the present situation of the application of blended learning. It is significantly important for the teachers to build an appropriate teaching model, which can take good use of modern technology. For such purpose, the researcher proposes the present study.
Since blended learning was introduced to China by professor He Kekang in 2003, it has been a matter of concern to domestic scholars. This is because blended learning serves as a connecting point of traditional teaching and e-learning. (Zhao Lijuan, 2004)
This thesis begins with all kinds of its definitions of blended learning and then analyzes the characters and advantages of blended learning under the environment of the internet and presents related theories in linguistics and learning, based on these, the theoretical foundations of blended learning are presented.
Then a questionnaire was made to investigate the current state of the application of the blended learning at Neusoft Information Technology institute. After the questionnaire was analyzed, some students are interviewed in order to find out the underlying factors responsible for the present situation.
According to the findings from the survey, the researcher concludes that students like the learning style---- blended learning. And blended learning requires more involvement of teachers and students. At last, a model of blended learning process is presented.
引文
A background to Blended e-Learning. www. kolieh.com/blended.htm
Allen, E., Seaman, J. & Garett, R. (Eds). (2007) Blending in the extent and promise of blended education in the United States. www.sloan-c.org/publications/survey/pdf/Blending_In.pdf
Bannister, D. & F. Fransella. 1986. Inquiring Man: the psychololgy of personal constructs, 3rd edn. London: Routledge
Benson, P & Voller, P. (Eds.). (1997). Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. London: Longman.
Benson, P. (1997). The Philosophy and Politics of Learner Autonomy. In Benson, P. and Voller, P. (Eds.), Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. London: Longman.
Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and Researching Autonomy in Language Learning. Pearson Educational Limited
Bersin, Associates.(2004).BlendedLearning:What works?www.eduweb.hu/pdf/blended _learning.pdf
Bersin, Josh.(2003).What Works in Blended Learning www. learningcircuits.org/2003/jul2003/bersin.
Blendedlearnng.www.ltc.umanitoba.ca/wiki/index.php?title=BlendedLearning#what_is_blended_learning.3F
Bleded Learning In K-12. (2005).Wikibooks. www. en.wikibooks.org/wiki
Boud, D. (1998). Developing Student Autonomy in Learning. London: Kogan Page.
Broady, E and Kenning, M-M. (Eds.). (1996). Promoting Learner Autonomy in University Language Teaching. London: Association of French Language Teachers/Center for Information on Language Teaching and Research.
Bruner, J. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.
Creating a blended learning solution. www. msxml. exicite. com/ info.xcite/ search/web/ Define+ Blended+Learning.
Driscoll, Maraget. (2002). Blended Learning: Let’s get beyond the hype. Learning and Training Innovations Newsline. www. ltimagazine.com/ltimagazine/article/articleDetail
e-LearningCentre.(1994-2005).Library:BlendedLearning.www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/eclipse/Resources/blended.htm
Erikson, E. (1963). Childhood and Society. (2nd ed.).New York: Norton.
Gibaldi, Joseph (1999) MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. (5th ed.) Shanghai: Foreign Language Education Press
Gardner, D & Miller, L. (1999). Establishing Self-access: From Theory to practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garnham, Carla, & Randy, Kanuka, Heather. (2004). Teaching With Technology Today (8) 6. www. uwsa.edu/ttt/articles/farnham.htm
Harriman,Gray.(2004).WhatisBlendedLearning?E-LearnimgResources.www.grayharriman.com/blended_learning.html
Holec, H. (1980). Autonomy and Fields of Application. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Holec, H. (1988). Autonomy and Self-directed Learning: Present Fields of Application. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Kelly, G. (1955). The psychology of personal Constructs. New York: Norton.
Kenny, B. (1993). For More Autonomy. System, 21 (4), 431-442.
Kerr, Brian. (2007). Connectin the Global Villiage. CADE/AMTEC Conference 2007. www.cade-aced.ca/conferences/2007/viewSession.php?presenterID=148
Little, D. (1990). Autonomy in Language Learning: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations. In. Gathercole (Ed.), Autonomy In Language Learning. London: CILT.
Little, D. (1991). Learner Autonomy: Definitions, Issued, and Problems. Dublin: Authntik.
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a Psychology of Being. New York: Van Nostrand.
Reference: Electronic and Online Resources. www. webster.commnet.edu/apa/online.htm
Rochester Institute of Technology. (2004).Blended Learning Pilot Project: Final Report for the Academic Year 2003-2004.www. distancelearning.rit.edu/blended/Files
Rogers, C. R. (1969). Freedom to Learn. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company.
Stockley, Derek. (2003). www. Derekstockley.com.au/elearning-definiton.html
The Node Learning technologies Network. (2001). The Node’s Guide to Blended Learning: Getting the most out of Your Classroom and the Internet. www. henode.org/guides/blended/blended.pdf
Rovai, Alfred P., & Jordan, Hope M. (2004). Blended Learning and Sense of Community: A Comparative Analysis with Traditional and Fully Online Graduate Courses. International Review of Research in Open and Distatnce Learning. www. irrodl. org/content/v5.2/rovai-jordan.html
Royer Center for Learning and academic Technologies. (2004). What is Blended Learning? Blended Learning. www. royercenter.cwc. psu.edu/Faculty/blended.aspx
Royer Center for Learning and Academic Technologies. (2005). What is Blended Learning? Blended Learning. www. royercenter.cwc.edu./Faculty/blended.aspx/
Smith, Judith M. Ph.D. (2001). Blended Learning: An Old Friend Gets a New Name. www. gwsae.org/Executiveupdate/2001/March/blended. htm
Valiathan, Purnima. (2002) Blended Learning Models. Learning Circuits. www.learningcircuits.. org/2002/aug2002/valiathan.htm
Wen Qiufang. (2001) Applied Linguistics: Research Methods and Thesis Writing. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Williams, M & Burden, R.L. (2000). Psychology for Language Teachers. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
“大学英语课程教学要求”项目组. (2004).“大学英语教学改革论证报告”摘要. 2004.10.23
何克抗. (2004).从Blended Learning看教育技术理论的新发展(上).中国电化教育, 2004 (3).
何克抗. (2004).从Blended Learning看教育技术理论的新发展(下).中国电化教育, 2004 (4).
何克抗. (2001). E-learning与高校教学的深化改革www.etc.edu.cn/articledigest11/E-Learning.htm
李克东,赵建华. (2004).混合学习的原理与应用模式.电化教育. 2004年第7期
刘润清, &戴曼纯. (2003).中国高校外语教学改革现状与发展策略研究.北京:外语教学与研究出版社
吕森林. (2004).混合式学习对信息技术与课程整合的启示.基础教育. 2004年第10期.
彭金定,大学英语教学中的“学习者自主”问题研究.外语界, 2002, (3):15-19, 46.
孙亚玲,傅淳哈佛注释体系www. baike.baidu.com/view/568503.htm
田世生, &傅钢善. (2004).初步研究.电化教育研究, 2004 (7): 7-11
文秋芳,俞洪亮&周维杰(2004).应用语言学研究方法与论文写作北京:外语教学与研究出版社
Allen, E., Seaman, J. & Garett, R. (Eds). (2007) Blending in the extent and promise of blended education in the United States. www.sloan-c.org/publications/survey/pdf/Blending_In.pdf
Bannister, D. & F. Fransella. 1986. Inquiring Man: the psychololgy of personal constructs, 3rd edn. London: Routledge
Benson, P & Voller, P. (Eds.). (1997). Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. London: Longman.
Benson, P. (1997). The Philosophy and Politics of Learner Autonomy. In Benson, P. and Voller, P. (Eds.), Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. London: Longman.
Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and Researching Autonomy in Language Learning. Pearson Educational Limited
Bersin, Associates.(2004).BlendedLearning:What works?www.eduweb.hu/pdf/blended _learning.pdf
Bersin, Josh.(2003).What Works in Blended Learning www. learningcircuits.org/2003/jul2003/bersin.
Blendedlearnng.www.ltc.umanitoba.ca/wiki/index.php?title=BlendedLearning#what_is_blended_learning.3F
Bleded Learning In K-12. (2005).Wikibooks. www. en.wikibooks.org/wiki
Boud, D. (1998). Developing Student Autonomy in Learning. London: Kogan Page.
Broady, E and Kenning, M-M. (Eds.). (1996). Promoting Learner Autonomy in University Language Teaching. London: Association of French Language Teachers/Center for Information on Language Teaching and Research.
Bruner, J. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.
Creating a blended learning solution. www. msxml. exicite. com/ info.xcite/ search/web/ Define+ Blended+Learning.
Driscoll, Maraget. (2002). Blended Learning: Let’s get beyond the hype. Learning and Training Innovations Newsline. www. ltimagazine.com/ltimagazine/article/articleDetail
e-LearningCentre.(1994-2005).Library:BlendedLearning.www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/eclipse/Resources/blended.htm
Erikson, E. (1963). Childhood and Society. (2nd ed.).New York: Norton.
Gibaldi, Joseph (1999) MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. (5th ed.) Shanghai: Foreign Language Education Press
Gardner, D & Miller, L. (1999). Establishing Self-access: From Theory to practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garnham, Carla, & Randy, Kanuka, Heather. (2004). Teaching With Technology Today (8) 6. www. uwsa.edu/ttt/articles/farnham.htm
Harriman,Gray.(2004).WhatisBlendedLearning?E-LearnimgResources.www.grayharriman.com/blended_learning.html
Holec, H. (1980). Autonomy and Fields of Application. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Holec, H. (1988). Autonomy and Self-directed Learning: Present Fields of Application. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Kelly, G. (1955). The psychology of personal Constructs. New York: Norton.
Kenny, B. (1993). For More Autonomy. System, 21 (4), 431-442.
Kerr, Brian. (2007). Connectin the Global Villiage. CADE/AMTEC Conference 2007. www.cade-aced.ca/conferences/2007/viewSession.php?presenterID=148
Little, D. (1990). Autonomy in Language Learning: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations. In. Gathercole (Ed.), Autonomy In Language Learning. London: CILT.
Little, D. (1991). Learner Autonomy: Definitions, Issued, and Problems. Dublin: Authntik.
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a Psychology of Being. New York: Van Nostrand.
Reference: Electronic and Online Resources. www. webster.commnet.edu/apa/online.htm
Rochester Institute of Technology. (2004).Blended Learning Pilot Project: Final Report for the Academic Year 2003-2004.www. distancelearning.rit.edu/blended/Files
Rogers, C. R. (1969). Freedom to Learn. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company.
Stockley, Derek. (2003). www. Derekstockley.com.au/elearning-definiton.html
The Node Learning technologies Network. (2001). The Node’s Guide to Blended Learning: Getting the most out of Your Classroom and the Internet. www. henode.org/guides/blended/blended.pdf
Rovai, Alfred P., & Jordan, Hope M. (2004). Blended Learning and Sense of Community: A Comparative Analysis with Traditional and Fully Online Graduate Courses. International Review of Research in Open and Distatnce Learning. www. irrodl. org/content/v5.2/rovai-jordan.html
Royer Center for Learning and academic Technologies. (2004). What is Blended Learning? Blended Learning. www. royercenter.cwc. psu.edu/Faculty/blended.aspx
Royer Center for Learning and Academic Technologies. (2005). What is Blended Learning? Blended Learning. www. royercenter.cwc.edu./Faculty/blended.aspx/
Smith, Judith M. Ph.D. (2001). Blended Learning: An Old Friend Gets a New Name. www. gwsae.org/Executiveupdate/2001/March/blended. htm
Valiathan, Purnima. (2002) Blended Learning Models. Learning Circuits. www.learningcircuits.. org/2002/aug2002/valiathan.htm
Wen Qiufang. (2001) Applied Linguistics: Research Methods and Thesis Writing. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Williams, M & Burden, R.L. (2000). Psychology for Language Teachers. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
“大学英语课程教学要求”项目组. (2004).“大学英语教学改革论证报告”摘要. 2004.10.23
何克抗. (2004).从Blended Learning看教育技术理论的新发展(上).中国电化教育, 2004 (3).
何克抗. (2004).从Blended Learning看教育技术理论的新发展(下).中国电化教育, 2004 (4).
何克抗. (2001). E-learning与高校教学的深化改革www.etc.edu.cn/articledigest11/E-Learning.htm
李克东,赵建华. (2004).混合学习的原理与应用模式.电化教育. 2004年第7期
刘润清, &戴曼纯. (2003).中国高校外语教学改革现状与发展策略研究.北京:外语教学与研究出版社
吕森林. (2004).混合式学习对信息技术与课程整合的启示.基础教育. 2004年第10期.
彭金定,大学英语教学中的“学习者自主”问题研究.外语界, 2002, (3):15-19, 46.
孙亚玲,傅淳哈佛注释体系www. baike.baidu.com/view/568503.htm
田世生, &傅钢善. (2004).初步研究.电化教育研究, 2004 (7): 7-11
文秋芳,俞洪亮&周维杰(2004).应用语言学研究方法与论文写作北京:外语教学与研究出版社