内蒙古奈曼旗凹陷复杂地区地震资料处理方法研究
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摘要
随着辽河外围盆地勘探和开发程度提高,复杂地区油气勘探已成为扩大辽河油田油气生产的主要途径。基本查明辽河外围盆地共有50个凹陷,面积约为45000Km2,包括奈曼旗、陆家堡、钱家店、龙湾筒、张强、阜新、元宝山等凹陷。然而,奈曼旗凹陷地表地下地质条件复杂,构造破碎、断裂复杂,信噪比低;中、深层没有很好的反射界面;能量不均,吸收衰减严重;噪声强,类型复杂;静校正问题较严重;频带窄等特点,给地震资料处理提出了一个较难的课题。
本次处理方法研究就是根据奈曼旗凹陷地震资料的特点,科学研究复杂地区静校正技术,合理采用针对性强、保真度高的压制噪声、提高信噪比及注重相对振幅保持处理、子波一致性处理、偏移成像处理等技术,建立一套适合于低信噪比地区的数据处理方法理论,形成一套适合内蒙古复杂地区勘探的处理流程,为内蒙古地区油气勘探综合研究提供可靠的资料。
在低信噪比地震资料处理基本理论研究方面,研究地震波在地下介质中的传播与衰减规律,对噪音和分辨率进行分析,形成合理的低信噪比资料处理思路和处理流程。
在以往资料分析研究方面,通过大量图表对比分析了奈曼旗凹陷表层、深层地质条件及采集资料特点(包括干扰波、信噪比、频率、能量),提出合理的处理方法。
在静校正技术分析研究方面,研究了三类静校正技术(野外静校正、折射波静校正和剩余静校正)的方法原理、各自特点及对比分析,对近表层模型调查与建立、基准面的选取、多次迭代折射静校正和剩余静校正在实际处理进行了应用研究,总结出组合静校正能够解决该地区的静校正问题。
在压制噪声技术分析研究方面,对相干噪声和随机噪声压制技术进行了研究,总结出区域滤波、多域去噪、DMO消除倾斜干扰、预测反褶积、多次波压制、F-X反褶积和最大熵叠加法等适合于奈曼旗低信噪比地区的压制干扰技术。
在子波一致性处理基础方面,对球面几何扩散振幅补偿和地表一致性振幅补偿进行了研究,并用组合反褶积技术和频谱拓宽技术对地震子波进行处理,使子波一致性得到加强、信噪比提高、频带变宽。
在复杂构造偏移成像方面,研究建立合理的叠加速度场和偏移速度场(DMO速度场),选择适合于该地区的偏移方法(波动方程有限差分偏移法)以及叠后去噪。
通过生产实践证明,研究的处理方法对提高处理资料品质取得了明显的效果,为复杂地区处理技术创出了一条新思路,必将为发现更多的油气田、为解决后备能源储量接替做出新的贡献。
Along with exploration and development level of Liaohe peripheral basin Areas heightened, oil gas exploration of complex area becomes the major way to enlarge the oil gas production of Liaohe Oilfield. It is proved through investigation that there are fifty sags with the area about 45,000 km2 in Liaohe peripheral basin, including Naimanqi sag, Lujiabao sag、Qianjiadian sag, Longwantong sag、Zhangqiang sag, Fuxin sag and Yuanbaoshan sags etc. However, geologic conditions in Naimanqi sag is very complex ,such as crushed structure, complex fracture, low S/N, no good reflecting in mid-deep layer, in-equable energy, bad absorption attenuation, complex types and strong noise, bad statics condition, narrow frequency bandwidth, etc., which lead to difficult seismic datum processing.
The study of processing methods is carried out according to seismic datum characteristics in Naimanqi sag area, the studies are statics methods in complex area, high fidelity noise suppression, amplitude-preserved data processing methods, improving S/N, wavelet-consistent processing methods, and migration imaging method, etc. The purpose of studying is to form seismic datum processing theory and method of science which is suitable for low S/N area, to form one set of datum processing procedure for exploration in Inner Mongolia area, and to provide highly reliable datum for oil gas exploration study.
In order to form the data processing method and procedure, the basic seismic data processing theory in low S/N area is studied, including the seismic wave propagation rules and attenuation rules in the medium of underground, and noise and resolution.
Suitable data processing method is formed after studied ample surface-deep layer geologic settings and acquisition datum characteristics (inclusive of interference wave, S/N, frequency, energy).
It is proved that assemble statics methods can solve the statics problem in Naimanqi area through the comparative study of three types statics method’s characteristics and theory (including field statics, refraction wave statics and residual statics) and the application study of investigating and setting up surface layer model, choosing datum level, multi-iteration refraction wave statics and residual statics.
After studying the pressing method of coherent noise and random noise, the conclusion is that regional filtering, multi-domain noise suppression, DMO suppressing slope reference wave, predictive de-convolution, multiple reflection suppression, F-X de-convolution, and maximum entropy superposition method are suitable for interference wave suppression in low S/N area of Naimanqi area. The studies of wavelet-consistent processing methods are including amplitude restoration and compensation for spherical divergence and geometrical divergence, surface consistent amplitude compensation, combination de-convolution method, frequency spectrum widening method, the result is that wavelet-consistent strengthening, improving S/N and frequency spectrum widening.
The studies of complex structure migration imagine technique comprise building appropriate stack velocity field and migration velocity field (DMO velocity field), choosing appropriate migration method (wave equation migration), and post-stack noise suppression.
Productive practice shows that this method has achieved obvious effect in raising processed seismic datum quality, and created a new thought for data processing method in complex area. It will make new contribution to discovering more oil-gas fields in complex area.
本次处理方法研究就是根据奈曼旗凹陷地震资料的特点,科学研究复杂地区静校正技术,合理采用针对性强、保真度高的压制噪声、提高信噪比及注重相对振幅保持处理、子波一致性处理、偏移成像处理等技术,建立一套适合于低信噪比地区的数据处理方法理论,形成一套适合内蒙古复杂地区勘探的处理流程,为内蒙古地区油气勘探综合研究提供可靠的资料。
在低信噪比地震资料处理基本理论研究方面,研究地震波在地下介质中的传播与衰减规律,对噪音和分辨率进行分析,形成合理的低信噪比资料处理思路和处理流程。
在以往资料分析研究方面,通过大量图表对比分析了奈曼旗凹陷表层、深层地质条件及采集资料特点(包括干扰波、信噪比、频率、能量),提出合理的处理方法。
在静校正技术分析研究方面,研究了三类静校正技术(野外静校正、折射波静校正和剩余静校正)的方法原理、各自特点及对比分析,对近表层模型调查与建立、基准面的选取、多次迭代折射静校正和剩余静校正在实际处理进行了应用研究,总结出组合静校正能够解决该地区的静校正问题。
在压制噪声技术分析研究方面,对相干噪声和随机噪声压制技术进行了研究,总结出区域滤波、多域去噪、DMO消除倾斜干扰、预测反褶积、多次波压制、F-X反褶积和最大熵叠加法等适合于奈曼旗低信噪比地区的压制干扰技术。
在子波一致性处理基础方面,对球面几何扩散振幅补偿和地表一致性振幅补偿进行了研究,并用组合反褶积技术和频谱拓宽技术对地震子波进行处理,使子波一致性得到加强、信噪比提高、频带变宽。
在复杂构造偏移成像方面,研究建立合理的叠加速度场和偏移速度场(DMO速度场),选择适合于该地区的偏移方法(波动方程有限差分偏移法)以及叠后去噪。
通过生产实践证明,研究的处理方法对提高处理资料品质取得了明显的效果,为复杂地区处理技术创出了一条新思路,必将为发现更多的油气田、为解决后备能源储量接替做出新的贡献。
Along with exploration and development level of Liaohe peripheral basin Areas heightened, oil gas exploration of complex area becomes the major way to enlarge the oil gas production of Liaohe Oilfield. It is proved through investigation that there are fifty sags with the area about 45,000 km2 in Liaohe peripheral basin, including Naimanqi sag, Lujiabao sag、Qianjiadian sag, Longwantong sag、Zhangqiang sag, Fuxin sag and Yuanbaoshan sags etc. However, geologic conditions in Naimanqi sag is very complex ,such as crushed structure, complex fracture, low S/N, no good reflecting in mid-deep layer, in-equable energy, bad absorption attenuation, complex types and strong noise, bad statics condition, narrow frequency bandwidth, etc., which lead to difficult seismic datum processing.
The study of processing methods is carried out according to seismic datum characteristics in Naimanqi sag area, the studies are statics methods in complex area, high fidelity noise suppression, amplitude-preserved data processing methods, improving S/N, wavelet-consistent processing methods, and migration imaging method, etc. The purpose of studying is to form seismic datum processing theory and method of science which is suitable for low S/N area, to form one set of datum processing procedure for exploration in Inner Mongolia area, and to provide highly reliable datum for oil gas exploration study.
In order to form the data processing method and procedure, the basic seismic data processing theory in low S/N area is studied, including the seismic wave propagation rules and attenuation rules in the medium of underground, and noise and resolution.
Suitable data processing method is formed after studied ample surface-deep layer geologic settings and acquisition datum characteristics (inclusive of interference wave, S/N, frequency, energy).
It is proved that assemble statics methods can solve the statics problem in Naimanqi area through the comparative study of three types statics method’s characteristics and theory (including field statics, refraction wave statics and residual statics) and the application study of investigating and setting up surface layer model, choosing datum level, multi-iteration refraction wave statics and residual statics.
After studying the pressing method of coherent noise and random noise, the conclusion is that regional filtering, multi-domain noise suppression, DMO suppressing slope reference wave, predictive de-convolution, multiple reflection suppression, F-X de-convolution, and maximum entropy superposition method are suitable for interference wave suppression in low S/N area of Naimanqi area. The studies of wavelet-consistent processing methods are including amplitude restoration and compensation for spherical divergence and geometrical divergence, surface consistent amplitude compensation, combination de-convolution method, frequency spectrum widening method, the result is that wavelet-consistent strengthening, improving S/N and frequency spectrum widening.
The studies of complex structure migration imagine technique comprise building appropriate stack velocity field and migration velocity field (DMO velocity field), choosing appropriate migration method (wave equation migration), and post-stack noise suppression.
Productive practice shows that this method has achieved obvious effect in raising processed seismic datum quality, and created a new thought for data processing method in complex area. It will make new contribution to discovering more oil-gas fields in complex area.
引文
[1]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.北京,石油工业出版社,1990年
[2]熊翥.地震数据处理应用技术.北京,石油工业出版社,1993,141～224
[3]韩文功,印兴耀,王兴谋等.地震技术新进展.山东:中国石油大学出版社,2006
[4]李庆忠.关于低信噪比地震资料的基本概念和质量改进方法.石油地球物理勘探,1986年
[5]谭绍泉.近地表调查技术及应用.石油物探.2003,42(增刊):124-126
[6]韩立国.共反射面与共中心点联合叠加成像与速度模型重建方法研究:[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2003
[7]王翠华.折射静校应用研究.北京,石油工业出版社,2000年
[8]刘红霞,高林.复杂地表地区地震勘探静校正方法应用研究.世界地质, 2002年
[9]李庆忠.关于低信噪比地震资料的基本概念和质量改进方法.石油地球物理勘探,1986年
[10]梁光河.信噪比的估算及其在高分辨处理中的应用.石油物探,1998年
[11]刘杰等.地震资料信噪比估算的几种方法.石油地球物理勘探,1997年
[12]李幼铭等.几种叠前深度偏移方法的研究现状.地球物理学进展,2000年
[13] SamuelH1Gray.地震偏移问题及其解决方案.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(2):44～60
[14]王华忠,徐蔚亚,马在田等.DMO和叠前时间偏移方法的比较研究.反射地震学论文集.同济大学出版社, 2000
[15]李振春等.共中心点道集偏移速度分析.石油物探,2001,39(1).20～26
[16]罗省贤,李录明.几种叠前去噪的方法.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):411～417
[17]林盛等.叠前相干干扰滤波.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3):390～398
[18]熊金良,李观寿,李国发.变速DMO技术.SEG,2004
[19] Jager R..The Common Reflection Surface Stack– Theory and Application:[ Master’s thesis]. University Karlsruhe,Germany,1999
[20] Zuchuan Chen, 1998, A Residual NMO Analysis Method for Multiple Attenuation: The Leading Edge, 17, No.05:687～692.
[21] Bancroft, J.C, A Practical Understanding of Pre- and Poststack Migrations, Vol I and Vol II, SEG, 1998.
[22] Deregowski S M.Common-offset Migrations and Velocity Analysis.First Break, 1990, 8(6)
[23] Garnder G. H F, Wang S Y, Pan N D and Zhang Z.Dip moveout and prestack Imaging.Offshore Technology Conference,1996
[2]熊翥.地震数据处理应用技术.北京,石油工业出版社,1993,141～224
[3]韩文功,印兴耀,王兴谋等.地震技术新进展.山东:中国石油大学出版社,2006
[4]李庆忠.关于低信噪比地震资料的基本概念和质量改进方法.石油地球物理勘探,1986年
[5]谭绍泉.近地表调查技术及应用.石油物探.2003,42(增刊):124-126
[6]韩立国.共反射面与共中心点联合叠加成像与速度模型重建方法研究:[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2003
[7]王翠华.折射静校应用研究.北京,石油工业出版社,2000年
[8]刘红霞,高林.复杂地表地区地震勘探静校正方法应用研究.世界地质, 2002年
[9]李庆忠.关于低信噪比地震资料的基本概念和质量改进方法.石油地球物理勘探,1986年
[10]梁光河.信噪比的估算及其在高分辨处理中的应用.石油物探,1998年
[11]刘杰等.地震资料信噪比估算的几种方法.石油地球物理勘探,1997年
[12]李幼铭等.几种叠前深度偏移方法的研究现状.地球物理学进展,2000年
[13] SamuelH1Gray.地震偏移问题及其解决方案.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(2):44～60
[14]王华忠,徐蔚亚,马在田等.DMO和叠前时间偏移方法的比较研究.反射地震学论文集.同济大学出版社, 2000
[15]李振春等.共中心点道集偏移速度分析.石油物探,2001,39(1).20～26
[16]罗省贤,李录明.几种叠前去噪的方法.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):411～417
[17]林盛等.叠前相干干扰滤波.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3):390～398
[18]熊金良,李观寿,李国发.变速DMO技术.SEG,2004
[19] Jager R..The Common Reflection Surface Stack– Theory and Application:[ Master’s thesis]. University Karlsruhe,Germany,1999
[20] Zuchuan Chen, 1998, A Residual NMO Analysis Method for Multiple Attenuation: The Leading Edge, 17, No.05:687～692.
[21] Bancroft, J.C, A Practical Understanding of Pre- and Poststack Migrations, Vol I and Vol II, SEG, 1998.
[22] Deregowski S M.Common-offset Migrations and Velocity Analysis.First Break, 1990, 8(6)
[23] Garnder G. H F, Wang S Y, Pan N D and Zhang Z.Dip moveout and prestack Imaging.Offshore Technology Conference,1996