豌豆根瘤菌高效菌株的筛选及共生匹配性研究
摘要
本试验旨在从中国农业科学院微生物菌种保藏管理中心引进的9株豌豆根瘤菌中筛选出与定西地区主栽豌豆品种相匹配的有效性高、竞争性强的高效菌株。供试品种燕农2号和绿豌豆是甘肃定西地区主要推广的两个豌豆品种,但目前还没有与之相匹配的高效根瘤菌菌剂,本文采用盆栽试验与大田试验相结合的方法,研究了接种不同根瘤菌对不同品种豌豆生长、固氮结瘤特性、产量及产量构成因子等的影响,得出以下主要结论:
在相同的环境条件下,根瘤菌与豌豆品种存在共生多样性与专一选择性。对燕农2号,菌株ACCC16103、ACCC16101、ACCC16110和ACCC16082,对绿豌豆ACCC16110、ACCC16103、ACCC16082和ACCC16063是高效菌株,它们的单株全氮含量比各自的对照分别增加62.25%、60.60%、29.47%、27.15%、44.44%、43.39%、40.00%和39.36%,固氮效率分别比各自的对照增加38.37%、37.73%、22.76%、21.35%、30.77%、30.31%、28.57%和28.25%,菌株ACCC16103、ACCC16110和ACCC16082具有更好的广谱性,适应于两个豌豆品种,菌株ACCC16101对燕农2号是高效菌株,菌株ACCC16063对绿豌豆是高效菌株;不同菌株与不同豌豆品种间的共生有效性有明显的差异。在氮素含量极低的条件下,根瘤菌与豌豆共生,可通过固氮满足植物对氮素的营养需求,接种不同的根瘤菌均能增加豌豆的单株结瘤数、单株瘤干重和单株全氮含量,提高豌豆的固氮效率。但不同的根瘤菌对不同品种豌豆的固氮结瘤特性有差异,影响根瘤菌固氮量的因子主要是单株瘤数和单株瘤干重,它们之间成显著性正相关关系。
接种不同的根瘤菌对不同品种豌豆生长有明显的促进作用,在不同的生育时期,不同的根瘤菌对不同品种豌豆生长的促进作用不同,对于高效菌株,其促进作用后期大于前期,在分枝期,由于接种的根瘤菌还未浸染豌豆植株的根部或浸染力很低,在现蕾期,接种根瘤菌的作用开始发挥,但不是很大;盛花期是豌豆单株瘤数、单株瘤干重最大且根瘤菌活性最强的时期,也是豌豆生长的关键时期。此时,其株高,地上部分鲜重、干重,地下部分鲜重、干重等明显优于不接种的对照,纵观豌豆整个生育期,接种上述优良菌株的处理,不但色深,叶茂,植株高大粗壮,而且根瘤多,瘤体大。对燕农2号,高效菌株ACCC16101(B2),ACCC16103(B5)和ACCC16082(B8),对绿豌豆,高效菌株ACCC16082(B8)、ACCC16110(B3)、ACCC16101B2(B2)、ACCC16063(B9);它们在单株结瘤数、单株瘤干重、地上部分鲜重、干重、根鲜重、根干重以及植株全氮含量方面明显优于其他处理;大田试验结果表明,对燕农2号,单株结瘤数,瘤干重,地上部分干重等生育指标较好的仍然是菌株ACCC16101(B2),ACCC16103(B5),说明优选菌株具有一定的稳定性,这与盆栽试验结果表现出了较好的增产一致性。
与豌豆品种共生匹配性能较好、适应于当地生态环境因子的菌株均提高了豌豆的单株分枝数、单株籽粒产量和千粒重,接种根瘤菌对豌豆植株的单株粒数、单株荚数、主茎节数无显著影响、在盛花期对豌豆地上部分鲜重和地上部分干重也无显著影响,但在成熟期对单株生物量有显著影响。接种高效的根瘤菌能有效的提高豌豆的经济产量和水分利用效率。菌株ACCC16101对豌豆经济产量、结瘤状况、生长态势较其它菌株均具有明显优势。接种ACCC16101比对照增产了48.76%。菌株ACCC16103尽管未表现出和菌株ACCC16101增产效应,但其瘤干重、单株结瘤数、植株全氮含量均比对照增加了82.61%、49.09%、和40.74%。经大田试验验证,初步认为对豌豆品种燕农2号,ACCC16101和ACCC16103是适应与定西地区生态环境因子的根瘤菌接种、根瘤菌剂生产的首选菌株。
The test aimed at screening and matching of Rhizobium strains related to local pea varieties was conducted in Dingxi city in 2007,The nine Rhizobium introduced from Microbial Strains Storage and Management Centre of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science.and Yannong 2 and green pea are the two major pea varieties in Dingxi city in Gansu province, In this study, combining pot experiment with field test, the impact on the growth, nodulation of nitrogen fixation, yield and its factors of different varieties were studied. the major conclusions as following:
In the same environmental conditions, Rhizobium and pea varieties exist symbiotic diversity and specific selectiveness, for Yannong 2, strains ACCC16103, ACCC16101, ACCC16110 and ACCC16082 are the best, while for Green Pea, ACCC16110, ACCC16103, ACCC16082 and ACCC16063 strains are efficient, And their individual total nitrogen content compared with their respective control increased 62.25%, 60.60%, 29.47%, 27.15%, 44.44%, 43.39%, 40.00% and 39.36%, respectively, the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing increased 38.37%, 37.73 %, 22.76%, 21.35%, 30.77%, 30.31%, 28.57% and 28.25% than their control, ACCC16103, ACCC16110 and ACCC16082 had broad-spectrum, adapting to two pea varieties efficiently. ACCC16101 is highly effective on Yannong2, ACCC16063 is a high-performance strain for green peas; the symbiotic effectiveness of different strains with different pea varieties had a significant difference. Under low nitrogen content condition, the Symbiosis of Rhizobium and pea can meet the nutritional needs of plants through nitrogen fixation. No matter which Rhizobium strains inoculated can increase the number of nodules per plant,tumor dry weight per plant and full nitrogen content per plant; can improve the efficiency of nitrogen fixation. However, for the characteristics of nitrogen-fixation and nodulation varied when different varieties inodulated with different Rhizobium. the impact of nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium the major factors which affected the nitrogen content are the number of nodules and tumor dry weight per plant, and they are significant positive correlation.
Different Rhizobium for two varieties both had positive impacts on pea growth, which was different at growth cycle. High efficiency strains the positive role in pro–growth is more than that of post-growth, because the root did not invased by Rhizobium at branching stage, and it was still not affecting at budding time; at flowering stage, it was the key stage for pea growth and stage for Rhizobium activity. At this time,the impact on plant height, stem, leaves, overground part fresh weight and dry weight is significantly better than that of the control. Observation from the entire growth cycle, the treatment inoculated with the fine strains are not only with deep color, flourish leaves, tall and stout plants, and also with numerous nodules and tumors. For Yannong 2, the strains with better performance are ACCC16101 (B2), ACCC16103 (B5) and ACCC16082 (B8). The number of nodules, tumor dry weight per plant, overground part plant dry weight, fresh weight of root, root dry weight and nitrogen content of plants are superior to other treatments; while for green peas, the strains with better performance are ACCC16082 (B8), ACCC16110 (B3), ACCC16101B2 (B2) and ACCC16063 (B9), the above indicators are also better than the other treatments. Field test results showed that for Yannong 2, the strain with better indicators such as the number of nodules, tumor dry weight per plant, overground part plant dry weight, fresh weight of root, root dry weight and nitrogen content of plants is still the ACCC16101 (B2), which means optimized strains that have a certain stability. Compared to pot test it had a better yield consistency.
The strains which can match perfectly with pea varieties, adapting to local ecological environment improved branches per plant, grain yield per plant and 1000-grain-weight, while had few the number of stems grains and pods per plant, and had no impacts on overground part fresh and dry weight at full-bloom stage, but in the maturity had a significant impacts on plant biomass. vaccination efficient of Rhizobium can effectively improve economical outputs and water use efficiency. ACCC16101 has positve influence on economical yield, nodulation status, the growth momentum than other strains. The yield increased 48.76%. despite the strain ACCC16103 did not show the same yield increasing effect like strain ACCC16101, but the nodules dry weight, the number of nodules per plant and the total nitrogen content compared to the control increased by 82.61%, 49.09% and 40.74%. Primarily, For Yannong2,it was believed ACCC16101 and ACCC16103 were preferred bacterial strains for rhizobium inoculation and rhizobium inoculants production.
在相同的环境条件下,根瘤菌与豌豆品种存在共生多样性与专一选择性。对燕农2号,菌株ACCC16103、ACCC16101、ACCC16110和ACCC16082,对绿豌豆ACCC16110、ACCC16103、ACCC16082和ACCC16063是高效菌株,它们的单株全氮含量比各自的对照分别增加62.25%、60.60%、29.47%、27.15%、44.44%、43.39%、40.00%和39.36%,固氮效率分别比各自的对照增加38.37%、37.73%、22.76%、21.35%、30.77%、30.31%、28.57%和28.25%,菌株ACCC16103、ACCC16110和ACCC16082具有更好的广谱性,适应于两个豌豆品种,菌株ACCC16101对燕农2号是高效菌株,菌株ACCC16063对绿豌豆是高效菌株;不同菌株与不同豌豆品种间的共生有效性有明显的差异。在氮素含量极低的条件下,根瘤菌与豌豆共生,可通过固氮满足植物对氮素的营养需求,接种不同的根瘤菌均能增加豌豆的单株结瘤数、单株瘤干重和单株全氮含量,提高豌豆的固氮效率。但不同的根瘤菌对不同品种豌豆的固氮结瘤特性有差异,影响根瘤菌固氮量的因子主要是单株瘤数和单株瘤干重,它们之间成显著性正相关关系。
接种不同的根瘤菌对不同品种豌豆生长有明显的促进作用,在不同的生育时期,不同的根瘤菌对不同品种豌豆生长的促进作用不同,对于高效菌株,其促进作用后期大于前期,在分枝期,由于接种的根瘤菌还未浸染豌豆植株的根部或浸染力很低,在现蕾期,接种根瘤菌的作用开始发挥,但不是很大;盛花期是豌豆单株瘤数、单株瘤干重最大且根瘤菌活性最强的时期,也是豌豆生长的关键时期。此时,其株高,地上部分鲜重、干重,地下部分鲜重、干重等明显优于不接种的对照,纵观豌豆整个生育期,接种上述优良菌株的处理,不但色深,叶茂,植株高大粗壮,而且根瘤多,瘤体大。对燕农2号,高效菌株ACCC16101(B2),ACCC16103(B5)和ACCC16082(B8),对绿豌豆,高效菌株ACCC16082(B8)、ACCC16110(B3)、ACCC16101B2(B2)、ACCC16063(B9);它们在单株结瘤数、单株瘤干重、地上部分鲜重、干重、根鲜重、根干重以及植株全氮含量方面明显优于其他处理;大田试验结果表明,对燕农2号,单株结瘤数,瘤干重,地上部分干重等生育指标较好的仍然是菌株ACCC16101(B2),ACCC16103(B5),说明优选菌株具有一定的稳定性,这与盆栽试验结果表现出了较好的增产一致性。
与豌豆品种共生匹配性能较好、适应于当地生态环境因子的菌株均提高了豌豆的单株分枝数、单株籽粒产量和千粒重,接种根瘤菌对豌豆植株的单株粒数、单株荚数、主茎节数无显著影响、在盛花期对豌豆地上部分鲜重和地上部分干重也无显著影响,但在成熟期对单株生物量有显著影响。接种高效的根瘤菌能有效的提高豌豆的经济产量和水分利用效率。菌株ACCC16101对豌豆经济产量、结瘤状况、生长态势较其它菌株均具有明显优势。接种ACCC16101比对照增产了48.76%。菌株ACCC16103尽管未表现出和菌株ACCC16101增产效应,但其瘤干重、单株结瘤数、植株全氮含量均比对照增加了82.61%、49.09%、和40.74%。经大田试验验证,初步认为对豌豆品种燕农2号,ACCC16101和ACCC16103是适应与定西地区生态环境因子的根瘤菌接种、根瘤菌剂生产的首选菌株。
The test aimed at screening and matching of Rhizobium strains related to local pea varieties was conducted in Dingxi city in 2007,The nine Rhizobium introduced from Microbial Strains Storage and Management Centre of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science.and Yannong 2 and green pea are the two major pea varieties in Dingxi city in Gansu province, In this study, combining pot experiment with field test, the impact on the growth, nodulation of nitrogen fixation, yield and its factors of different varieties were studied. the major conclusions as following:
In the same environmental conditions, Rhizobium and pea varieties exist symbiotic diversity and specific selectiveness, for Yannong 2, strains ACCC16103, ACCC16101, ACCC16110 and ACCC16082 are the best, while for Green Pea, ACCC16110, ACCC16103, ACCC16082 and ACCC16063 strains are efficient, And their individual total nitrogen content compared with their respective control increased 62.25%, 60.60%, 29.47%, 27.15%, 44.44%, 43.39%, 40.00% and 39.36%, respectively, the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing increased 38.37%, 37.73 %, 22.76%, 21.35%, 30.77%, 30.31%, 28.57% and 28.25% than their control, ACCC16103, ACCC16110 and ACCC16082 had broad-spectrum, adapting to two pea varieties efficiently. ACCC16101 is highly effective on Yannong2, ACCC16063 is a high-performance strain for green peas; the symbiotic effectiveness of different strains with different pea varieties had a significant difference. Under low nitrogen content condition, the Symbiosis of Rhizobium and pea can meet the nutritional needs of plants through nitrogen fixation. No matter which Rhizobium strains inoculated can increase the number of nodules per plant,tumor dry weight per plant and full nitrogen content per plant; can improve the efficiency of nitrogen fixation. However, for the characteristics of nitrogen-fixation and nodulation varied when different varieties inodulated with different Rhizobium. the impact of nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium the major factors which affected the nitrogen content are the number of nodules and tumor dry weight per plant, and they are significant positive correlation.
Different Rhizobium for two varieties both had positive impacts on pea growth, which was different at growth cycle. High efficiency strains the positive role in pro–growth is more than that of post-growth, because the root did not invased by Rhizobium at branching stage, and it was still not affecting at budding time; at flowering stage, it was the key stage for pea growth and stage for Rhizobium activity. At this time,the impact on plant height, stem, leaves, overground part fresh weight and dry weight is significantly better than that of the control. Observation from the entire growth cycle, the treatment inoculated with the fine strains are not only with deep color, flourish leaves, tall and stout plants, and also with numerous nodules and tumors. For Yannong 2, the strains with better performance are ACCC16101 (B2), ACCC16103 (B5) and ACCC16082 (B8). The number of nodules, tumor dry weight per plant, overground part plant dry weight, fresh weight of root, root dry weight and nitrogen content of plants are superior to other treatments; while for green peas, the strains with better performance are ACCC16082 (B8), ACCC16110 (B3), ACCC16101B2 (B2) and ACCC16063 (B9), the above indicators are also better than the other treatments. Field test results showed that for Yannong 2, the strain with better indicators such as the number of nodules, tumor dry weight per plant, overground part plant dry weight, fresh weight of root, root dry weight and nitrogen content of plants is still the ACCC16101 (B2), which means optimized strains that have a certain stability. Compared to pot test it had a better yield consistency.
The strains which can match perfectly with pea varieties, adapting to local ecological environment improved branches per plant, grain yield per plant and 1000-grain-weight, while had few the number of stems grains and pods per plant, and had no impacts on overground part fresh and dry weight at full-bloom stage, but in the maturity had a significant impacts on plant biomass. vaccination efficient of Rhizobium can effectively improve economical outputs and water use efficiency. ACCC16101 has positve influence on economical yield, nodulation status, the growth momentum than other strains. The yield increased 48.76%. despite the strain ACCC16103 did not show the same yield increasing effect like strain ACCC16101, but the nodules dry weight, the number of nodules per plant and the total nitrogen content compared to the control increased by 82.61%, 49.09% and 40.74%. Primarily, For Yannong2,it was believed ACCC16101 and ACCC16103 were preferred bacterial strains for rhizobium inoculation and rhizobium inoculants production.
引文
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