正交频分复用系统信号优化设计技术研究
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摘要
正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)以其高频谱利用率和对抗频率选择性衰落的能力,成为未来无线通信系统的候选技术之一。但OFDM具有峰值功率和平均功率的比值(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR,简称峰均比)过高的缺点:当具有高峰值的信号通过放大器时会产生非线性失真,恶化传输性能。针对上述缺点,本文重点研究了OFDM系统中峰均比问题,从而对传输信号进行优化设计。
本文首先介绍了OFDM通信系统的特点和峰均比优化的研究现状,总结了需要进一步解决的问题,并指出了本文的研究内容。
本文的第二部分对OFDM信号的峰均比进行了理论分析和数学推导,阐明了峰均比的定义、分布以及相关建模,为后面的章节提供了理论依据。
部分传输序列法(Partial Transmit Sequence,PTS)是一类能够有效控制OFDM信号峰均比的非畸变算法,但其具有计算复杂度偏高的缺点。本文的第三部分提出了一种低复杂度的改进算法:通过数学推导,揭示了部分传输序列所生成的备选信号之间的相关性,并提出利用信号的相关性来简化备选信号的计算。理论分析和仿真结果表明新算法能够有效降低传统算法的计算复杂度,且不会造成峰均比抑制性能的损失。此外,本文还提出一种能够提高峰均比抑制性能的改进算法:削弱低峰均比信号的处理复杂度,并且强化对高峰均比信号的抑制处理,从而在计算复杂度和峰均比控制性能间取得更好的折衷。部分传输序列的另一个缺点在于需要传输额外的副信息,影响了频谱效率。针对这个问题,本文还提出了一种降低副信息传输量的改进算法。
限幅法是目前应用较为广泛的一类预畸变峰均比抑制算法,但其会引入额外的限幅噪声,从而对数据信号和导引符号造成干扰,恶化传输性能。现有研究往往没有考虑限幅噪声对于导引符号辅助信道估计的影响。本文的第四部分提出了一种适用于限幅OFDM系统的信道估计优化算法:将数据信号和导引符号分别处理,并滤除导引符号位置的限幅噪声,从而优化接收端的信道估计,提升系统的传输性能。在新算法的基础上,本文还提出了利用迭代处理进一步优化信道估计性能。同时本文还提出利用新算法改进导引符号辅助频偏估计的性能。此外,针对传统的迭代限幅滤波算法,本文提出一种具有更强峰均比抑制能力的改进算法:该算法在同样的迭代次数和计算复杂度下,可以取得更佳的峰均比抑制性能。
最后,本文研究了联合多址的OFDM系统的峰均比抑制:对于正交频分复用多址系统,比较了各种子载波分配方式下的峰均比分布,并针对交织OFDMA系统提出了一种低复杂度的峰均比抑制方法;对于联合交织多址的OFDM系统,分析了交织多址OFDM信号的峰均比分布,并提出一种基于可变交织器设计的峰均比抑制方法。
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the promising techniques for future wireless communication systems, since it is with high spectrum efficiency and robustness to the frequency selective fading environments. However, OFDM has the drawback of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) . In this case, when OFDM signals with high peak values pass through high power amplifier, nonlinear distortions will be introduced so as to degrade the transmission performance. According to the problems methioned above, this dissertation focuses on PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM systems, so as to design the optimal transmission signal.
Firstly, the dissertation introduces the features of OFDM systems and the research status of PAPR reduction techniques, summarizes the fundamental problems needed to be solved, and points the main research contents of this dissertation.
Secondly, the dissertation makes a theoretical analysis and mathematic calculation on the PAPR of OFDM signals, and clarifies the definition, the distribution and the models of PAPR, so as to make a theoretical base for the latter sections.
Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is a class of distortless method for effectively controlling the PAPR of OFDM signals. However, it has the drawback of high computational complexity. On the third part of the dissertation, an improved method with low complexity is proposed. In the improved method, the correlationships among the candidate signals generated from PTS are explored and utilized for simplifying the compuatation for candidate signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the computational complexity without loss of PAPR reduction performance. Furthermore, an improved method with more PAPR reduction performance is proposed. In the proposed method, the processing for high PAPR signals is enhanced while the processing for low PAPR signlas is simplified, so as to make a better tadeoff between PAPR reduction performance and computational complexity. Another drawback of PTS is the desire of extra side information so as to influence the spectral efficiency. To solve this problem, an improved method with less side information amount is proposed.
Clipping is a popular method to control the PAPR with distortions, but it introduces additional clipping noise, so as to distort the data and pilot symbols and degrade the system performance. However, most of current reserches do not consider the influence to pilot-aided cannel estimation by clipping noise. On the fourth part of the dissertation, a new method is proposed to improve the channel estimation performance in clipped OFDM systems. In the proposed method, the data and pilot symbols are divided for individual processing, and the clipping noise on the positions of pilot symbols is filtered directly. In this case, the channel estimation at the receiver is improved, and the system performance of clipped OFDM systems is also enhanced. Based on the new method, an iterative method is proposed to further the channel estimation performance. Meanwhile, for the proposed method, the improvement of pilot-aided carrier frequency offset estimation performance is also considered. Furthermore, for traditional iterative clipping and filtering method, an improved method with more PAPR reduction is proposed. The new method can achieve better PAPR reduction performance on the same number of iterations and complexity as traditional method.
Finally, the dissertation investigates the PAPR reduction of multiple access combined OFDM systems. For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) system, the PAPR of OFDMA signals with different subcarrier allocation styles is compared, and a low complexity PAPR reduction method for interleaved OFDMA is proposed. For interleave division multiple access (IDMA) combined OFDM system, the PAPR of the transmitted signal is analyzed, and a PAPR reduction method based on variable interleaver designing is proposed.
本文首先介绍了OFDM通信系统的特点和峰均比优化的研究现状,总结了需要进一步解决的问题,并指出了本文的研究内容。
本文的第二部分对OFDM信号的峰均比进行了理论分析和数学推导,阐明了峰均比的定义、分布以及相关建模,为后面的章节提供了理论依据。
部分传输序列法(Partial Transmit Sequence,PTS)是一类能够有效控制OFDM信号峰均比的非畸变算法,但其具有计算复杂度偏高的缺点。本文的第三部分提出了一种低复杂度的改进算法:通过数学推导,揭示了部分传输序列所生成的备选信号之间的相关性,并提出利用信号的相关性来简化备选信号的计算。理论分析和仿真结果表明新算法能够有效降低传统算法的计算复杂度,且不会造成峰均比抑制性能的损失。此外,本文还提出一种能够提高峰均比抑制性能的改进算法:削弱低峰均比信号的处理复杂度,并且强化对高峰均比信号的抑制处理,从而在计算复杂度和峰均比控制性能间取得更好的折衷。部分传输序列的另一个缺点在于需要传输额外的副信息,影响了频谱效率。针对这个问题,本文还提出了一种降低副信息传输量的改进算法。
限幅法是目前应用较为广泛的一类预畸变峰均比抑制算法,但其会引入额外的限幅噪声,从而对数据信号和导引符号造成干扰,恶化传输性能。现有研究往往没有考虑限幅噪声对于导引符号辅助信道估计的影响。本文的第四部分提出了一种适用于限幅OFDM系统的信道估计优化算法:将数据信号和导引符号分别处理,并滤除导引符号位置的限幅噪声,从而优化接收端的信道估计,提升系统的传输性能。在新算法的基础上,本文还提出了利用迭代处理进一步优化信道估计性能。同时本文还提出利用新算法改进导引符号辅助频偏估计的性能。此外,针对传统的迭代限幅滤波算法,本文提出一种具有更强峰均比抑制能力的改进算法:该算法在同样的迭代次数和计算复杂度下,可以取得更佳的峰均比抑制性能。
最后,本文研究了联合多址的OFDM系统的峰均比抑制:对于正交频分复用多址系统,比较了各种子载波分配方式下的峰均比分布,并针对交织OFDMA系统提出了一种低复杂度的峰均比抑制方法;对于联合交织多址的OFDM系统,分析了交织多址OFDM信号的峰均比分布,并提出一种基于可变交织器设计的峰均比抑制方法。
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the promising techniques for future wireless communication systems, since it is with high spectrum efficiency and robustness to the frequency selective fading environments. However, OFDM has the drawback of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) . In this case, when OFDM signals with high peak values pass through high power amplifier, nonlinear distortions will be introduced so as to degrade the transmission performance. According to the problems methioned above, this dissertation focuses on PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM systems, so as to design the optimal transmission signal.
Firstly, the dissertation introduces the features of OFDM systems and the research status of PAPR reduction techniques, summarizes the fundamental problems needed to be solved, and points the main research contents of this dissertation.
Secondly, the dissertation makes a theoretical analysis and mathematic calculation on the PAPR of OFDM signals, and clarifies the definition, the distribution and the models of PAPR, so as to make a theoretical base for the latter sections.
Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is a class of distortless method for effectively controlling the PAPR of OFDM signals. However, it has the drawback of high computational complexity. On the third part of the dissertation, an improved method with low complexity is proposed. In the improved method, the correlationships among the candidate signals generated from PTS are explored and utilized for simplifying the compuatation for candidate signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the computational complexity without loss of PAPR reduction performance. Furthermore, an improved method with more PAPR reduction performance is proposed. In the proposed method, the processing for high PAPR signals is enhanced while the processing for low PAPR signlas is simplified, so as to make a better tadeoff between PAPR reduction performance and computational complexity. Another drawback of PTS is the desire of extra side information so as to influence the spectral efficiency. To solve this problem, an improved method with less side information amount is proposed.
Clipping is a popular method to control the PAPR with distortions, but it introduces additional clipping noise, so as to distort the data and pilot symbols and degrade the system performance. However, most of current reserches do not consider the influence to pilot-aided cannel estimation by clipping noise. On the fourth part of the dissertation, a new method is proposed to improve the channel estimation performance in clipped OFDM systems. In the proposed method, the data and pilot symbols are divided for individual processing, and the clipping noise on the positions of pilot symbols is filtered directly. In this case, the channel estimation at the receiver is improved, and the system performance of clipped OFDM systems is also enhanced. Based on the new method, an iterative method is proposed to further the channel estimation performance. Meanwhile, for the proposed method, the improvement of pilot-aided carrier frequency offset estimation performance is also considered. Furthermore, for traditional iterative clipping and filtering method, an improved method with more PAPR reduction is proposed. The new method can achieve better PAPR reduction performance on the same number of iterations and complexity as traditional method.
Finally, the dissertation investigates the PAPR reduction of multiple access combined OFDM systems. For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) system, the PAPR of OFDMA signals with different subcarrier allocation styles is compared, and a low complexity PAPR reduction method for interleaved OFDMA is proposed. For interleave division multiple access (IDMA) combined OFDM system, the PAPR of the transmitted signal is analyzed, and a PAPR reduction method based on variable interleaver designing is proposed.
引文
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