辽河滩海西部古近系沙河街组沉积特征与沉积相研究
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摘要
辽河滩海西部地区古近系沙河街组具有优越的石油地质条件,是辽河油田后续勘探开发的主要接替领域。由于勘探资料的局限性,前人在该地区的研究程度相对较弱,缺乏系统全面的认识。因此,详细开展滩海西部地区沉积特征及沉积相分布规律的研究具有重要的影响和意义。
为此,本文在大量岩心宏观和微观特征描述的基础上,结合测井、录井、地震以及分析化验等资料,对滩海西部地区古近系沙河街组的沉积特征、沉积相、砂体展布、沉积模式及沉积演化进行了深入、细致的分析。
论文从岩石成分、沉积构造、粒度分布、古生物、测井相及地震相等方面入手,详细总结了滩海西部各类沉积相相标志特征,为滩海沉积相的识别和划分提供了有力的依据。通过相标志的识别以及对砾岩含量、砂岩含量、砂岩厚度、泥岩颜色及碎屑组分等资料的综合分析,确定了滩海西部地区沙河街组主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、近岸水下扇、湖底扇和滩坝五种储层沉积相类型,并存在西部凸起、葫芦岛凸起和中央低凸起三个主要的物源区。其中,西部凸起为西部斜坡带提供物源,主要发育辫状河三角洲和湖底扇沉积。葫芦岛凸起为其周缘提供物源,发育扇三角洲沉积。中央低凸起为东部陡坡带提供物源,主要发育扇三角洲和近岸水下扇沉积。
研究过程中,针对滩海西部地区钻井少且分布不均等难题,提出并采用了一系列新的技术和手段进行分析。包括FCM多属性聚类地震相自动划分技术、多属性神经网络砂体预测技术、古地貌恢复技术、小波变换时频分析技术,提高了沉积相分析的可靠性。
通过对滩海西部地区古近系沙河街组层序格架内沉积特征及沉积相研究,明确了各层序内沉积相分布及时空演化规律,探讨了构造、古地貌及物源等因素对沉积砂体的控制作用。认为在层序低位体系域时期,砂体含油性较好,剖析了重点地区岭南斜坡带低位域的沉积微相分布。同时,利用时频分析技术,提出了水下辫状河道、河口坝、滩坝等沉积微相具有不同的时频旋回特征,为该区的勘探提供了沉积依据。
Eogene Shahejie Formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin has a great petroleum geologic potential. It is an important substitute area for the further exploration and development in Liaohe Oil Field. Because of the limit of exploration data, the previous research of this area is relatively inadequate and lacks systematic comprehensive understanding. Therefore, it is important to study the sedimentary characteristics and the distribution pattern of sedimentary facies in this area.
In the paper, based on a large number of cores in the macroscopic and microsopic characteristic description, according to logging, seismic, analysis assay data and other data, a further and detailed analysis is carried on for the sedimentary characteristics, sedimentary facies, sand body distribution, sedimentary model and sedimentary evolution of the Eogene Shahejie Formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin.
First, this paper detailedly summarizes various facies marks from rock composition, sedimentary structure, particle size distribution, paleontology, logging facies, seismic facies and other aspects, and estabish a solid basis for identification and classification of the sedimentary facies of the western beach area of Liaohe Basin. Second, the study determines that there are five sedimentary facies types including fan delta, braided delta, nearshore subaqueous fan, sublacustrine fan and beach bar, according to the identification of facies marks as well as comprehensive analyses of the content of conglomerate and sandstone, sandstone thickness, mudstone color, detrital composition and other data of Shahejie Formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin. There are three main provenance areas consisted of western uplifting, Huludao uplifting and central low uplifting. Western uplifting provides clastic matters for west slope belt which mainly develops braided delta and sublacustrine fan. Huludao uplifting provides clastic matter for its periphery area which mainly develops fan delta. Central low uplifting provides clastic matter for eastern steep slope belt which mainly develops fan delta and nearshore subaqueous fan.
During the study, there are few drilling wells and they unevenly distribute in the area of the western beach area of Liaohe Basin. This paper proposes and adopts a series of new technologies and methods for analysis, including technique of FCM multi-attribute clustering seismic facies automatic division, multi-attribute neural network sand body prediction technique, palegeomorphic restoring technique, and wavelet transform time-frequency analysis technique. It improves the reliability of sedimentary facies analysis.
According to the study of the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary facies in sequence stratigraphic framework of the Eogene Shahejie formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin, this paper defines the sedimentary facies distribution and temporal and spacial evolution pattern within each sequence, and discusses controlling function of factors such as structure, paleogeomorphy and provenance. In the period of low stand systems tract (LST), sand body is easy to catch petroleum. Sedimentary microfacies distribution of LST is analyzed in the key areas of slope belt of Lingnan. At the same time, by using wavelet transform time-frequency analysis technique, this paper proposes sedimentary microfacies such as underwater braided channel, mouth bar and beach bar which have different time-frequency characteristics. It boosts the exploration of this area greatly.
为此,本文在大量岩心宏观和微观特征描述的基础上,结合测井、录井、地震以及分析化验等资料,对滩海西部地区古近系沙河街组的沉积特征、沉积相、砂体展布、沉积模式及沉积演化进行了深入、细致的分析。
论文从岩石成分、沉积构造、粒度分布、古生物、测井相及地震相等方面入手,详细总结了滩海西部各类沉积相相标志特征,为滩海沉积相的识别和划分提供了有力的依据。通过相标志的识别以及对砾岩含量、砂岩含量、砂岩厚度、泥岩颜色及碎屑组分等资料的综合分析,确定了滩海西部地区沙河街组主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、近岸水下扇、湖底扇和滩坝五种储层沉积相类型,并存在西部凸起、葫芦岛凸起和中央低凸起三个主要的物源区。其中,西部凸起为西部斜坡带提供物源,主要发育辫状河三角洲和湖底扇沉积。葫芦岛凸起为其周缘提供物源,发育扇三角洲沉积。中央低凸起为东部陡坡带提供物源,主要发育扇三角洲和近岸水下扇沉积。
研究过程中,针对滩海西部地区钻井少且分布不均等难题,提出并采用了一系列新的技术和手段进行分析。包括FCM多属性聚类地震相自动划分技术、多属性神经网络砂体预测技术、古地貌恢复技术、小波变换时频分析技术,提高了沉积相分析的可靠性。
通过对滩海西部地区古近系沙河街组层序格架内沉积特征及沉积相研究,明确了各层序内沉积相分布及时空演化规律,探讨了构造、古地貌及物源等因素对沉积砂体的控制作用。认为在层序低位体系域时期,砂体含油性较好,剖析了重点地区岭南斜坡带低位域的沉积微相分布。同时,利用时频分析技术,提出了水下辫状河道、河口坝、滩坝等沉积微相具有不同的时频旋回特征,为该区的勘探提供了沉积依据。
Eogene Shahejie Formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin has a great petroleum geologic potential. It is an important substitute area for the further exploration and development in Liaohe Oil Field. Because of the limit of exploration data, the previous research of this area is relatively inadequate and lacks systematic comprehensive understanding. Therefore, it is important to study the sedimentary characteristics and the distribution pattern of sedimentary facies in this area.
In the paper, based on a large number of cores in the macroscopic and microsopic characteristic description, according to logging, seismic, analysis assay data and other data, a further and detailed analysis is carried on for the sedimentary characteristics, sedimentary facies, sand body distribution, sedimentary model and sedimentary evolution of the Eogene Shahejie Formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin.
First, this paper detailedly summarizes various facies marks from rock composition, sedimentary structure, particle size distribution, paleontology, logging facies, seismic facies and other aspects, and estabish a solid basis for identification and classification of the sedimentary facies of the western beach area of Liaohe Basin. Second, the study determines that there are five sedimentary facies types including fan delta, braided delta, nearshore subaqueous fan, sublacustrine fan and beach bar, according to the identification of facies marks as well as comprehensive analyses of the content of conglomerate and sandstone, sandstone thickness, mudstone color, detrital composition and other data of Shahejie Formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin. There are three main provenance areas consisted of western uplifting, Huludao uplifting and central low uplifting. Western uplifting provides clastic matters for west slope belt which mainly develops braided delta and sublacustrine fan. Huludao uplifting provides clastic matter for its periphery area which mainly develops fan delta. Central low uplifting provides clastic matter for eastern steep slope belt which mainly develops fan delta and nearshore subaqueous fan.
During the study, there are few drilling wells and they unevenly distribute in the area of the western beach area of Liaohe Basin. This paper proposes and adopts a series of new technologies and methods for analysis, including technique of FCM multi-attribute clustering seismic facies automatic division, multi-attribute neural network sand body prediction technique, palegeomorphic restoring technique, and wavelet transform time-frequency analysis technique. It improves the reliability of sedimentary facies analysis.
According to the study of the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary facies in sequence stratigraphic framework of the Eogene Shahejie formation in the western beach area of Liaohe Basin, this paper defines the sedimentary facies distribution and temporal and spacial evolution pattern within each sequence, and discusses controlling function of factors such as structure, paleogeomorphy and provenance. In the period of low stand systems tract (LST), sand body is easy to catch petroleum. Sedimentary microfacies distribution of LST is analyzed in the key areas of slope belt of Lingnan. At the same time, by using wavelet transform time-frequency analysis technique, this paper proposes sedimentary microfacies such as underwater braided channel, mouth bar and beach bar which have different time-frequency characteristics. It boosts the exploration of this area greatly.
引文
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