摘要
农产品物流是以农业产出物为对象,通过农产品产后加工、包装、储存、运输和配送等物流环节,做到农产品保值增值,最终传递到消费者的过程。国际经验表明,系统、高效、完善的农产品物流体系是一国实现农业现代化及经济可持续发展的前提和重要保障。当前,我国滞后的农产品物流体系己经成为农业与农村经济增长的瓶颈,成为农业现代化发展的根本障碍。有鉴于此,我们试图通过对我国农产品物流体系的全面描述及分析,运用相关的多目标规划模型,构筑了中国农产品物流园区选址模型和农产品物流配送多目标规划模型,以期完善理论、指导实践。
本论文包括导言在内共八章。第一章导言,总括性的介绍论文研究的背景、目的和意义,方法与思路,以及技术路线和创新点。第二章文献综述主要包括相关的物流理论和研究的简单介绍,分析了国内外农产品物流现状,主要分析了我国和美国、日本以及荷兰的农产品物流现状,并指出国外农产品物流现状对我国农产品物流的启示,同时综述了农产品物流园区选址问题和农产品物流配送问题的研究现状。第三章主要介绍了相关的农产品物流理论。第四章主要介绍了农产品第三方物流理论,提出了一种新的以农产品第三方物流企业为核心的物流模式。第五章是农产品物流园区选址模型的构建及求解,主要包括农产品物流园区的功能、选址原则和影响因素,在此基础上,用综合AHP方法建立了多目标选址模型,并用LINGO软件求解。第六章为多目标农产品物流配送模型的构建及求解,主要包括农产品物流配送简介,各分类农产品的多目标物流配送模型的构建,并用MATLAB软件和遗传算法来求解。第七章分析了我国农产品物流的发展趋势,并提出了一些相应的政策建议,包括、冷链物流发展战略、农产品物流信息化平台的构建、农产品物流技术的开发与研究、农产品物流的一体化工程、农产品物流和农产品营销发展。第八章介绍并分析了农产品的龙头企业在农产品物流和核心竞争力方面所起到的示范作用。并于本文最后进行了总结及展望。论文的创新之处在于以下几个方面:
1、分析了相关的农产品物流理论和我国现行的农产品物流模式,提出了一种新的以农产品第三方物流企业为核心的物流模式,论证了其可行性。2、构建了农产品物流园区选址的多目标规划模型。农产品物流园区是农产品从产地到销地的物流过程中最重要的中间节点。而农产品物流园区的地点优劣直接决定了农产品物流的效率和物流过程中的腐败率。因此,农产品物流园区地点的选择非常重要。本文首先建立了目标层、上层决策层、下层决策层和方案层等四层AHP结构,之后构建了包括物流园区总建设费用最小、总供应量大于总需求量、备选点权重尽量接近1这三个目标的0-1规划问题。之后用LINGO软件求解。
3、构建了农产品物流配送的多目标规划模型。农产品在从物流园区到需求点的配送过程中,基于其三个目标:总成本(包括货物成本和运输成本)最少、客户响应时间最短和农产品在物流过程中的腐败量尽可能少,建立了农产品物流配送的多目标混合整数规划模型。在求解的过程中,借助MATLAB软件的遗传算法工具箱进行精确求解,得到了和其他软件一致的结果,而且具有更快的收敛速度。
4、提出了一些有前瞻性的政策建议。如主要包括冷链物流发展战略、农产品物流信息化平台的构建、农产品物流技术的开发与研究、农产品物流的一体化工程、农产品物流和农产品营销发展。
After the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, there has been an earth-shaking change in rural economy. The output of agricultural products has doubled and redoubled. By the late of 1990s, agricultural products had entered the phase of relative surplus instead of being shortage. In the course of this development appeared the new tough problems on agricultural, rural areas and farmers, such as the bad selling of agricultural products. and the slow growth of rural incomes, etc. Solving problems facing agricultural, rural areas and farmers becomes a top priority we have to confront. Currently, the lagging logistical system of agricultural products becomes the bottleneck of agricultural and rural development in our country. According to this situation, through thorough description and analysis of the logistical system, we would like to build up a modern logistical system of agricultural products.
This dissertation is constituted by seven chapters, including the introduction. Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Comparative research on international agriculture-product logistics; Chapter 3: The theory of agriculture-product logistics ; Chapter 4: Promoting a new model of agriculture-product logistics; Chapter 5: Construction and solution to the selected location model of agricultural product physical distribution center; Chapter 6: Construction and solution to the multi-target agricultural logistics and distribution model; Chapter 6: Supportive system for the development of agriculture-product logistics. This dissertation might be innovative in the following three aspects:
Firstly, according to the analysis of the agriculture product logistics theory, a new model of agriculture-product logistics is producted. The center of this new model is the TPL.
Secondly, Construction and solution to the selected location model of agricultural product physical distribution center. Logistics center is agricultural products from production to marketing of agricultural products to the logistics of the most important intermediate nodes. Logistics center and the location of agricultural products directly determine the merits of the efficiency of agricultural logistics and logistics in the process of corruption. Therefore, agricultural logistics park for the selection is very important. This dissertation established a goal of the first layer, top policy-making level, the lower deck of the decision-making and programmers, such as AHP four-story structure, after the construction of a logistics park, including the total cost of building the smallest, more than the total supply of total demand, alternative points weight as close as possible One of these three objectives of the 0-1 planning issues. Then use LINGO software to solute the model.
Thirdly, Construct and solute the multi-target model of agriculture-product logistics and distribution. Agricultural products in process from the logistics center to the point demand of the distribution, based on its three objectives: the total cost (including the cost of goods and transportation costs) at least, the customer response to agricultural products in the shortest time and logistics in the process of corruption in as little as possible, the establishment of an agricultural products distribution of multi-objective mixed integer programming model. Solving in the process of using genetic algorithms tool kit of MATLAB software for accurate.
Thirdly, in this dissertation, the supportive system of Chinese modern agriculture-product logistics industry is thoroughly constructed. With explaining the developing trend of world logistics industry roundly, this dissertation puts forward the fundamental principles of developing modern agriculture-product logistics industry and the rudimentary thoughts of organization innovation; furthermore, it constructs the supportive system of Chinese agriculture-product logistics industry from the aspects of infrastructure construction.
引文
[1]陈代芬,郑红军.我国农产品物流园区发展模式与对策研究.广东农业科学,2007年第6期.
[2]邬龙兵,龙炜.我国农产品物流园区发展定位研究.物流技术,2006年第5期.
[3]徐杰,郑凯,田源,汝宜红.物流中心选址的影响因素分析及案例.北方交通大学学报,2001年第25卷第5期.
[4]郜振华.配送中心选址模型与算法研究.东南大学博士论文,2006年1月.
[5]兰继斌.关于层次分析法优先权重及模糊多属性决策问题研究(博士论文).西南交通大学,2006年10月.
[6]朱建军.层次分析法的若干问题研究及应用(博士论文).东北大学,2005年2月.
[7]蒋绍忠.管理运筹学教程.浙江大学出版社,2005年8月.
[8]索志林,王栋.农产品物流中心选址模型及其应用研究.农业技术经济,2007年第6期.
[9]林齐宁.决策分析.北京邮电大学出版社,2003年2月. [10张文松,王树祥.我国农产品现代物流模式分析及选择.物流技术,2006年第3期:37~40.
[11]朱毅华.农产品供应链物流整合实证研究(博士论文).南京农业大学,2004年6月
[12]黄祖辉,吴克象,金少胜.发达国家现代农产品流通体系变化及启示[J].福建论坛,2003(4):32-36.
[13]杜小芳,张金隆,张思华.农产品物流JIT配送效益评价模型研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2004(5):103-106.
[14]朱毅华.农产品供应链物流整合实证研究[D].南京农业大学博士论文,2004.
[15]孙炜.基于数据挖掘的农产品供应链管理集成平台研究[D].西安交通大学硕士论文,2004.
[16]孟凡胜.中国农产品现代物流发展问题研究[D].东北农业大学博士论文,2005.
[17]宫薇薇,张健,傅泽田.引入第三方物流提高农产品市场竞争力[J].农产品加工,2005(9):23-26.
[18]丁麟.农产品现代物流及信息技术应用初探[J].农业网络信息,2005(9):29-31.
[19]刘爱军.基于企业角度的农产品物流发展研究[D].南京农业大学博士论文,2007
[20]李小飞.生鲜农产品物流配送组织模式研究——以浙江省为例[D].浙江大学硕士论文,2007
[21]郑宇.我国农产品物流发展问题研究[D].兰州商学院硕士论文,2007
[22]贺峰.中国农产品现代物流问题研究[D].华中农业大学博士论文,2006
[23]张文松,王树祥,我国农产品现代物流模式分析及选择[J],物流技术,2006.(3):37-39
[24]刘东英.我国生鲜蔬菜物流体系研究——制度、组织与交易效率[D].浙江大学博士论文.2005
[25]丁俊发.大力发展农产品物流[J].中国供销合作经济.2002(6)
[26]王新利,张襄英.构建我国农村物流体系的必要性与可行性[J].农业现代化研究.2002.(4)
[27]丁华.供应链管理理论及其在农产品物流企业中的应用[J].中国流通经济.2004(1)
[28]丁俊发.大力发展农产品物流[J].中国供销合作经济.2002(6)
[29]杜小芳,张金隆,张思华.农产品物流JIT配送效益评价模型研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2004(5):103-106.
[30]章胜勇,杨蓄,吴春梅.以现代物流促进农产品流通[J].农村经济.2003(1)
[31]曹军,陈兴霞,姜君.浅析我国农产品物流的现状、问题及对策[J].2006(4)
[32]徐卫涛,宋民冬.浅析我国农产品物流[J].2006(1)
[33]张敏.现代物流与可持续发展[D].山东农业大学博士论文.2004
[34]李晓锦.农产品物流组织模式研究[D] .西北农林科技大学博士论文.2007
[35]黎元生.入世后台湾农业竞争优势的重构[J].台湾农业探索.2003(4)
[36]Lummus R.R,Krumwiede D.W.,Vokurka R J,The relationship of logistics to supply chain management : developing a common industry definition[J],Industrial Management & Data Systems , 2001 ,101(8):426-431
[37]Lyon,Fergus,Trust,Network and Norms:The Creation of Social Capital in Agriculture Economics in Ghana,World Development,2000,28(4):663-681
[38]Lynch,Keller ,Ozment,Effects of Logistics Capabilities and Strategy on Firm Performance,Journal Of Business Logistics,Special Section,2000,21(2):47-67
[39]M.Charikar , S.Guha , Improved combinatorial algorithms for the facility location and k-median problems[J],In Proceedings of the 40th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science,1999,378-388
[40]Maranzana F.E , On the location of supply points to minimize transportort[J] Operational Research Quarterly,1965,15:261-270
[41]Martinez Steve W.,Kevin Smith,Kelly Zering,Vertical Coordination and Consumer Welfare: The Case of the Pork Industry,Agricultural Economic Report Number 753,Economic Research Service,United States Department of Agriculture,Washington DC,1997
[42] M.Sviridenko,A approximation algorithm for the metric uncapacitated facility location problem[J],In Prceedings of the 9th International Conference on Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization,2002,240-257
[43]Nagy G,Salshi S,Location-Routing:Issues,models and methods[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2007,177:649-672
[44]O’Keefe M.,Supply chain management[J],Agricultural Science,1997,10(3):29-32
[45]Olson J.,Links in the food chain[J],Farm Industry New,2003,36(4):23-30
[46]付朋辉,康立山等.用多目标演化优化算法解决约束选址问题[J]计算机工程与设计.2003,24(3),1-3
[47]胡刚,张卫华等.城市物流中心布局研究[J].公路交通科技.2003,20(3),173-176
[48]丁浩,李电生.城市物流配送中心选址方法的研究[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版).2004(3),vol21(1),50-51,54.
[49]马丽娟.物流中心选址问题的数学方法研究.物流技术.2004,(5),74-75.87.
[50]刘志学主编.现代物流手册[S].中国物资出版社,2001
[51]夏春玉.现代物流概论[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2004
[52]兰丕武,吉小琴.现代农产品物流配送模式探析[J].连锁与物流,2005(6):46-47.
[53] S L Hakimi,Optimum location of switching centers and the absolute centers and medians of a graph,Operations Research,1964,12:450-459
[54]Scarborough , Vanessa and Jonathan Kydd , Economic Analysis of Agricultural Markets: A manual,Chatham: National Resource Institute,1992
[55]Sporleder T.L. , Managerial Economics of Vertically Coordinated Agricultural Firms,American journal of Agricultural Economics,1992,74:1226-1231
[56] Van Roy T J,A cross decomposition algorithm for capacitated facility location[J],Operations Research,1986,34(2):145-163
[57] Van der Vorst J.G.A.J.,Beulens A.J.M.,A research model for the redesign of food supply chains[J],International Journal of Logistics:Research and Applications,1999,2(2):161-174
[58]Van der Vorst J.G.A.J.,Effective food supply chains:generating,modelling and evaluating supply chain scenarios[D],The Netherlands:Wageningen University phD Thesis,2000
[59]Van Duren E.,Sparling D.,Supply chain management and the Canadian agri-food sector[J],Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomic,1998,46(4):479-489
[60]Wilson N,The supply chains of perishable products in northernEurope[J],British Food Journal,1996,98(6):9-15
[61]Westgren R.E , Innovation and future direction of supply chain management in US agri-food[J] , Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomic,1998,46(4):519-524
[62]William C.B.,Norina L.,Cassavant K.,The use of supply chain management to increase expert of agricultural products[M],Washington:S-hertogenbosch,2002
[63]Young L.M.,Hobbs J.E.,Vertical linkages in agri-food supply chains:chaining roles for producers,commodity groups,and government policy[J],Review of Agriculture Economics,2002,24(2):428-441
[64]方磊,何建敏,综合AHP和目标规划方法的应急系统选址规划模型[J],系统工程理论与实践,2003,23(12):116-120
[65]胡运权,郭耀煌,运筹学教程[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[66]徐利民,马良成等,仓储中心的动态规划选址及应用[J],武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2003,27(2):256-259
[67]Clement E.Ward,Vertical Integration Comparison:Beef,Pork,and Poultry,Western Agricultural Economics Association,1997
[68] Coase R.H,The Nature of the firm,4 Economica N.S,1937,386-405
[69] Cooper,Martha,Lambert,Pagh,Supply Chain Management:More Than a New Name for Logistics,The International Journal of Logistics Management,1997,8(l):l-14
[70]Daskin MS,Network and Discrete Location:Model,Algorithms,and Application[M],New York :Wiley-Interscience,1995,313-334
[71]Davis P.S. , Ray TL , A branch-bound algorithm for capacitated facilities location problem[J],Naval Research Logistics Quarterly,1969,16:331一34
[72]Donna B,The global foods[J],ProQuest Agriculture Journals,1999,100(3):41-43
[73]Duval Y.,Biere A.,Grain products’attitudes to new form of supply chain coordination[J],International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,1998,1(2):179-193
[74]Bailey A.,William N.,Palmer M.,Geering R.,The farmer as service provider : the demand for agricultural commodities and equine services[J],Agricultural System,2000,66:191-204
[75] D.Shmoys,E.Tardos,K.Aardal,Approximation algorithms for faci1ity location problems[J] , In Proceedings of the 29th Annual for ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing,1997,265-274
[76] Edgar M,Hoover,Location in Theory and Leather Industries,Cambridge Mass:Harvard University Press,1957
[77]Fearne A.,Hughes D.,Success factors in the fresh product supply chain[J],British Food Journal,2000,102(10):760-772
[78]Grimsdell K,The supply chains for fresh vegetables:what it takes to make it work[J],Supply Chain Management,1996,1(1):11-14
[79]Gigler J.K,Hendrix E.M.T.,Heesen R.A.,Van den H.V.G.W.,Meeridink G.,On optimization of agri chains by dynamic programming[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2002,139:613-625
[80]Jaramillo J.H.,Bhadury J.,Batta R.,On the use of genetic algorithms to solve location problems[J],Computers&Operations Research,2002,29:761一779
[81]J.Perl , M.S.Daskin , A warehouse location-routing problem ,Transportation Research, 1985,19B(5):381-396
[82]Kliebenstein J.B. , Lawrenee J.D. , Contracting and vertical coordination in the United States pork industry,American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1995,75:1213-1218
[83] Kennett .J,Fultno M.,Pauline M.,Harvey B,Supply Chain management:the case of a UK baker preserving the identity of Canadian milling wheat[J],Supply Chain Management,1998,3(3):157-166
[84]Larson Paul D.,Rogers Dale S.,Supply Chain Management:Definition,Growth and Approaches,Journal of Marketing Theory &Practice,1998,4:l-5
[85]Leon CooPer , TheTransportation-Location problem[J] , Operations Research,1972,20:94-108
[86]Leon Cooper , An efficient heuristic algorithm for the transportation-location problem[J],Journal of Regional Science,1979,16(3):309-315
[87]Balinski M,Quandt R,On an integer program for a delivery Problem[J],Operations Research,1962,12:300-304
[88]Benders JF , Partitioning Procedure for Solving Mixed-Variables Programming Problems[J],Numerical Mathematics,1962,4:321-332
[89]Bielli M.,Caramia M.,Carotenuto P.,Genetic algorithms in bus network optimization[J],Transportation Research Part C,2002,10:19-34
[90]Bishop B.,Tucker K.,The new food chain:Leveraging speed,strategy,integration[J],Progressive Farmer,2001,116(5):52-54
[91]Brandeau Chiu,An overview of representative problems in location research[J],Management Science,1989,35:646-652
[92]Brame J.,Simchi-LeviD,A location based heuristic for general routing problems[J],Operations Research,1995,43:649-660
[93]Baumol W J,wolfe P,A warehouse-Location problem[J],Operation Research,1958,6(1):252-263
[94]Boehlje M.,L.F. Schrader,The Industrialization of Agriculture:Questions of Coordination ,In The Industrialization of Agriculture,eds.J.S.Royer and R.C.Rogers Great Britain:The Ipswich Book Company,1988,3-26
[95]Cooper L,Location-allocation problem[J],Operation Research,1963,11(1):331-343
[96]Christopher.M,Logistics and Supply Chain Management,Strategies for Reducing Cost and Improving Service,2E,Pearson,1998
[97]Rbodes V.J.,Industrialisation of agriculture:discussion,American journal of Agricultural Economics,1993,75(5)
[98]Rademakers M.F.L.,McKnight P.J.,Concentration and co-operation within the Dutch potato supply chain[J],Supply Chain Management,1998,3(4):203-213
[99]Salcedo,Simon,Grackin,The e-Value Chain,Supply Chain Management Review,2000,3(4),63-70
[100]Sakawa M , Genetic algorithms and fuzzy multi-objective optimization[J],Dordrecht,Klu-wer Academic Publisher,2002,5:188-222
[101]Salin V.,Information Technology in Agri-food supply chain[J],International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,1998,1(3):329-334
[102]Shen Z J,Efficient algorithms for various supply chain problems[D],Ph.D,Dissertation,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences,Northwestern University,Evanston,IL 60208,2000
[103] Abdinnour-Helm S,Network design in supply chain management[J],International Journal of Agile Management Systems,1999,l(2):99-106
[104]Akinc.U,Khumawala,An efficient branch and bound algorithm for the capacitated warehouse location Problem[J],Management Science,1977,23:585-594
[105] Alonso-ayuso A,Escudero L.F.,Garin,An approach for strategic supply chain planning under uncertainty based on stochastic 0-1 programming[J],Journal of Global Optimization,2003,26:97-124
[106]Ambrosino D.,Scutella M.G.,Distribution network design:New problems and related models[J] , European Journal of Operational Research,2005,165:610一624
[107]Anonymous,New co-ops move farmers up food chain[J],Successful Farming,1997,95(11):42
[108]Bagchi T.P.,Multiobjective Scheduling by Genetic Algorithms[M],Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999,193-208
[109] Perl J,A unified warehouse location-routing analysis[D],Ph.D Dissertation , Department of Civil Engineering , Northweatern University,Evanston,IL,,1983
[110]赵艳.中国物流市场化初探.物流技术,1999.6
[111]中国国内贸易部.中国国内贸易年鉴一化京:中国统计出版社,1990-2000
[112]中国物流与采购联合会考察团.德法荷物流发展概况及启示.2004.5
[113]中华人民共和国海关总署政策法规司.中华人民共和国海关进出口税则.北京:经济管理出版社,2000
[114]周艳军.供应链管理.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2004
[115]俞海峰.中国连锁超市生鲜农产品经营研究.[中国农业科学院硕士论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2003
[116]张德化,汪上.发达国家农产品流通组织的比较与启示.北方经贸,2005.4
[117]张亚,我国农业物流存在问题分析.农业经济,2005.9
[118]阳明明等.物流是“农改超”的关键因素一对深圳市“农改超”调查的思考.中国物流与采购,2004.21
[119]吴爱东.中国物流业为何空驶率高.中国国情国力,2002.4
[120]阎子刚,赵继新.供应链管理.北京:机械_L业出版社,2004
[121]茅于轼.中国当代著名经济学家随笔集.广州:广东经济出版社,1999
[122]刘雪梅.青岛交运陆海国际货运股份有限公司发展第三方物流问题与对策.[吉林大学硕士论文].武汉:华中农业大学,2004
[123]李淑湘.关于推进我国粮食流通体制市场化改革的思考.中央财经大学学报,2004.11
[124]林慧丹,第三方物流.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005.2
[125]梁绍基.黑龙江农产品竞争力提升与现代物流.北方论丛,2003.4
[126]贾卫丽,王成艳,赵瑞莹.关于农产品物流的供求状况分析及对策.安徽农业大学学报,2004.3
[127]王凯等.中国农业产业链管理的理论与实践研究.北京:中国农业出版社.2004.
[128]孙养学.农业高新技术企业成长研究.北京:中国农业出版社.2006.