大鳍鳠（Mystus macropterus Bleeker）静止代谢率的研究
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摘要
于2001年3月至2002年1月，以由嘉陵江采集到的大鳍鳠(Mystus macropterus Bleeker)作为实验材料，采用封闭式呼吸室，分别在12.5℃，17.5℃，22.5℃，27.5℃和32.5℃水温条件下，测定了114尾鱼体(体重范围13.0—400.4g)的静止代谢率。
主要研究结果如下：
(1) 各水温条件下，雌、雄鱼特定代谢率之间无显著差异；在27.5℃条件下性腺为Ⅳ期的雌鱼的标准体重代谢率稍高于性腺为Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的鱼体，但二者间的差异不显著。这表明性别和性腺发育程度对静止代谢率无显著影响。
(2) 特定体重代谢率随温度的上升而上升，各体重组的代谢率与温度之间均呈显著的双对数直线相关；温度指数(B)随体重的增加呈现上升的趋势，协方差分析表明，回归方程的温度指数(B)间差异显著。
(3) 大鳍鳠特定体重代谢率随体重的增加而呈降低的趋势，各水温条件下其代谢率与体重均呈双对数直线相关。协方差分析表明，各回归方程的斜率(体重指数b)之间差异不显著，截距a值差异极显著。
(4) 回归分析表明，体重(W：kg)和温度(T：℃)对大鳍鳠的静止代谢率(Ms：mgO_2／kg／h)交互作用不显著，其相关关系为：Ms=1.320T~(1.334). W~(-0.184)。
5) 以本研究中的大鳍鲮的平均体重值(94.5g)为标准体重，采用文献报道的南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)和鲇鱼(Silurus asotus)的静止代谢率模型，计算了两种鱼在本实验各温度下的静止代谢率，比较分析发现大鳍鳠的代谢率分别为南方鲇和鲇鱼的1.82和1.49倍，表明大鳍鳠的代谢率高于前两种鱼。
通过讨论认为：
门）性腺发育程度和体重可能共同影响了大鳍鳍的代谢水平，因此性腺不同发育阶段
的大鳍鳝雌鱼的代谢率差异不显著。
p） 大鳍鳍的代谢率高于南方贴和稣鱼的代谢率是因其生态习性不同：一）大鳍鳍的
自发活动的行为比其他两种鱼更为频繁，因而所测其静止代谢水平较高。o）本
实验采用的是大型封闭式呼吸室，对实验鱼的日常活动的限制作用较小，而其它
两种鱼采用的是小型流水式呼吸室，限制了鱼体在测定过程中的活动性。
From March, 2001 to January, 2002 the resting metabolic rates for 114 fish of Mystus macropterus, which were collected from Jialing River with weight ranging from 13.0g to 400.4g, were measured by a closed respirometer at the temperatures of 12.5, 17.5, 22.5 ,27.5 and 32.5, respectively.
The results were as follows:
(1) There was no difference the specific metabolic rates between the female and the male at each of the same temperature. Standard-weight metabolic rate in the female of IV gonad phase was slightly higher than those in the female of II and III gonad phase at 27.5, but the statistical analysis indicated that the difference was not significant. The result suggested that the effect of sex and the gonad developmental condition on the resting metabolism was no significant.
(2) The specific weight metabolic rates increased with temperature increasing. There was double-logarithmic linear correlation significantly between specific weight metabolic rate and temperature in each of weight groups. Temperature exponent (B) in the regression equation increased with weight increasing. The covariance analysis showed that the difference between the every two temperature exponents in the equations was significant.
(3) Specific metabolic rates decreased with weight increasing. There was double -
logarithmic linear correlation between metabolic rate and weight at each of tested temperatures. The covariance analysis indicated that the difference was significant between the intercepts in the regression equations, but not between the slopes.
(4) Regression analysis showed that interaction of weight (W: kg) and temperature (T:) on the resting metabolic rate (Ms: mg (O2/kg/h) was not significant. The correlation was developed as Ms= 1.320 T0.334) W0.184).
(5) Based on the models reported the standard - weight metabolic rates of S. meridionalis and S. asotus were estimated. The metabolic rate in M. macropterus was 1.82 and 1.49 times of those in S. meridionalis and S. asotus, respectively.
The discussions suggested:
(1) Due to the effect of body weight on the metabolism might be brought into antagonism with that of developmental condition of the gonad, the difference between the metabolic rates in the tested fish at the different condition was insignificant.
(2) The metabolic rate in M. macropterus was higher than that in either S. meridionalis or S. asotus could be understood on the different ecological habits among them. For example, the level of spontaneous activity in M. macropterus was higher. And the level of routine activity of the tested fish in large-scale closed respirometer in this study was higher than those of the either, which was restricted by the smaller room of respiratory chamber in the continuous-flow respirometer used in the two reported studies..
主要研究结果如下：
(1) 各水温条件下，雌、雄鱼特定代谢率之间无显著差异；在27.5℃条件下性腺为Ⅳ期的雌鱼的标准体重代谢率稍高于性腺为Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的鱼体，但二者间的差异不显著。这表明性别和性腺发育程度对静止代谢率无显著影响。
(2) 特定体重代谢率随温度的上升而上升，各体重组的代谢率与温度之间均呈显著的双对数直线相关；温度指数(B)随体重的增加呈现上升的趋势，协方差分析表明，回归方程的温度指数(B)间差异显著。
(3) 大鳍鳠特定体重代谢率随体重的增加而呈降低的趋势，各水温条件下其代谢率与体重均呈双对数直线相关。协方差分析表明，各回归方程的斜率(体重指数b)之间差异不显著，截距a值差异极显著。
(4) 回归分析表明，体重(W：kg)和温度(T：℃)对大鳍鳠的静止代谢率(Ms：mgO_2／kg／h)交互作用不显著，其相关关系为：Ms=1.320T~(1.334). W~(-0.184)。
5) 以本研究中的大鳍鲮的平均体重值(94.5g)为标准体重，采用文献报道的南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)和鲇鱼(Silurus asotus)的静止代谢率模型，计算了两种鱼在本实验各温度下的静止代谢率，比较分析发现大鳍鳠的代谢率分别为南方鲇和鲇鱼的1.82和1.49倍，表明大鳍鳠的代谢率高于前两种鱼。
通过讨论认为：
门）性腺发育程度和体重可能共同影响了大鳍鳍的代谢水平，因此性腺不同发育阶段
的大鳍鳝雌鱼的代谢率差异不显著。
p） 大鳍鳍的代谢率高于南方贴和稣鱼的代谢率是因其生态习性不同：一）大鳍鳍的
自发活动的行为比其他两种鱼更为频繁，因而所测其静止代谢水平较高。o）本
实验采用的是大型封闭式呼吸室，对实验鱼的日常活动的限制作用较小，而其它
两种鱼采用的是小型流水式呼吸室，限制了鱼体在测定过程中的活动性。
From March, 2001 to January, 2002 the resting metabolic rates for 114 fish of Mystus macropterus, which were collected from Jialing River with weight ranging from 13.0g to 400.4g, were measured by a closed respirometer at the temperatures of 12.5, 17.5, 22.5 ,27.5 and 32.5, respectively.
The results were as follows:
(1) There was no difference the specific metabolic rates between the female and the male at each of the same temperature. Standard-weight metabolic rate in the female of IV gonad phase was slightly higher than those in the female of II and III gonad phase at 27.5, but the statistical analysis indicated that the difference was not significant. The result suggested that the effect of sex and the gonad developmental condition on the resting metabolism was no significant.
(2) The specific weight metabolic rates increased with temperature increasing. There was double-logarithmic linear correlation significantly between specific weight metabolic rate and temperature in each of weight groups. Temperature exponent (B) in the regression equation increased with weight increasing. The covariance analysis showed that the difference between the every two temperature exponents in the equations was significant.
(3) Specific metabolic rates decreased with weight increasing. There was double -
logarithmic linear correlation between metabolic rate and weight at each of tested temperatures. The covariance analysis indicated that the difference was significant between the intercepts in the regression equations, but not between the slopes.
(4) Regression analysis showed that interaction of weight (W: kg) and temperature (T:) on the resting metabolic rate (Ms: mg (O2/kg/h) was not significant. The correlation was developed as Ms= 1.320 T0.334) W0.184).
(5) Based on the models reported the standard - weight metabolic rates of S. meridionalis and S. asotus were estimated. The metabolic rate in M. macropterus was 1.82 and 1.49 times of those in S. meridionalis and S. asotus, respectively.
The discussions suggested:
(1) Due to the effect of body weight on the metabolism might be brought into antagonism with that of developmental condition of the gonad, the difference between the metabolic rates in the tested fish at the different condition was insignificant.
(2) The metabolic rate in M. macropterus was higher than that in either S. meridionalis or S. asotus could be understood on the different ecological habits among them. For example, the level of spontaneous activity in M. macropterus was higher. And the level of routine activity of the tested fish in large-scale closed respirometer in this study was higher than those of the either, which was restricted by the smaller room of respiratory chamber in the continuous-flow respirometer used in the two reported studies..
引文
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王德寿，杨松林，1992。大鳍鳠的可量性状，长重关系和肥满度，西南师范大学学报，17(4)：510-515。
谢小军，孙儒泳，1991。鱼类的特殊动力作用的研究进展，水生生物学报，15(1)：85-90。
谢小军，孙儒泳，1992。南方鲇的日总代谢和特殊动力作用的能量消耗，水生生物学报。16(3)：200-207。
杨振才，谢小军，孙儒泳。1993。鱼类的活动代谢的研究进展，河北师范大学学报(3)：77-80。
杨振才，谢小军，孙儒泳。1995。鲇鱼的静止代谢及其与体重、温度和性别的关系，水生生物学报，19(4)：368-372。
周剑光，杨德国，吴国犀，王志玲，1997。大鳍鳠池塘驯化及养殖技术试验，淡水渔业，27(1)：7-10。
周仰璟，1983。大鳍鳠的生物学资料，动物学杂志，(2)：39-42。
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王德寿，罗泉笙，1993。嘉陵江大鳍鳠的年龄和生长的研究，水生生物学报，17(2)：157-165。
王德寿，杨松林，1992。大鳍鳠的可量性状，长重关系和肥满度，西南师范大学学报，17(4)：510-515。
谢小军，孙儒泳，1991。鱼类的特殊动力作用的研究进展，水生生物学报，15(1)：85-90。
谢小军，孙儒泳，1992。南方鲇的日总代谢和特殊动力作用的能量消耗，水生生物学报。16(3)：200-207。
杨振才，谢小军，孙儒泳。1993。鱼类的活动代谢的研究进展，河北师范大学学报(3)：77-80。
杨振才，谢小军，孙儒泳。1995。鲇鱼的静止代谢及其与体重、温度和性别的关系，水生生物学报，19(4)：368-372。
周剑光，杨德国，吴国犀，王志玲，1997。大鳍鳠池塘驯化及养殖技术试验，淡水渔业，27(1)：7-10。
周仰璟，1983。大鳍鳠的生物学资料，动物学杂志，(2)：39-42。
Adams S. R. & Parsons G. R. 1998. Laboratory based measurements of swimming performance and related metabolic rates of field sampler small mouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus):a study of seasonal changes. Physiological Zoolog, y, 71: 350-358．
Alexander R. M. 1967. Functional Design in fishes., Hunhinson. London.
Alexander R. M. 1972. The energetics of vertical migration by fishes. Symp Soc Exp Bio, 26: 276-294
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