基于ARM的汽车防盗系统的设计
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摘要
随着计算机电子技术的飞速发展,市场上出现了多种多样的汽车防盗系统。本文运用ARM(Advanced RISC Machines)处理器设计了一个针对使用汽车万能钥匙盗窃汽车的防盗系统。此系统由人脸识别系统、GSM网络、步进电机以及ARM控制系统构成。
本文主要内容如下：
(1)对硬件系统进行了总体规划,根据设计方案对ARM开发板、USB摄像机、GSM模块步、进电机模块进行了选型,并且使用Altium designer电路设计软件完成扩展电路设计。
(2)嵌入式Linux操作系统的移植。在对嵌入式Linux操作系统进行研究的基础上建立了嵌入式交叉编译环境、在分析系统引导过程后对Bootloader进行移植、使用busybox工具构建cramfs文件系统、并实现了Linux内核的编译与移植。
(3)GSM和USB摄像头程序的设计与开发。首先分析了内核驱动程序构架,然后依据该架构,参考相应的硬件数据手册,实现了USB摄像机、GSM设备驱动的加载；通过Linux提供的Video4Linux模块完成了图像采集程序的编写,针对西门子TC35 GSM模块提供的AT指令集完成短消息收发程序的编写；并且完成步进电机的控制。
(4)人脸识别算法的研究。首先对人脸识别技术进行概要性的介绍,对图像进行增强和归一化等预处理,用小波变换和肤色分割的的方法实现人脸的检测和定位,然后用主成分分析PCA (Principal Component Analysis)算法进行对图像人脸进行特征值提取,最后用最邻近距离分类器衡量特征匹配实现人脸的识别。整个人脸识别程序使用Intel提供的跨平台的Opencv函数库完成,在最后通过实验的方法验证人脸识别的准确性。
本系统的创新点在于利用人脸识别方法判别当前驾车人身份,再通过车主手机与ARM控制器进行交互的启动方式来进行汽车的防盗,在本文结束后对全文进行了总结,对系统中存在的不足之处提出了改进性的建议。
With the rapid development of computer electronic technology, a wide variety of car alarm systems appearing on the market. This papers uses an ARM processor design a car alarm system for the people who stolen cars by copy the key of the cars. This system consists of face recognition systems, GSM network, stepping motor and ARM control system.
The Main content of this papers as follows:
(1).Hardware system for the master plan, according to the design on the ARM Development Board, select USB video camera、GSM module and Stepping Motor, then using Altium designer circuit design software complete interface circuit design.
(2).Transplant the Linux OS on Embedded system. After study the Principle of Linux OS on the embedded system, design a cross compilation environment. Analysis of the system boot process,then complete the transplantation of bootloader, use the busybox tool to build a cramfs filesystem, and complete the Linux kernel compilation and transplantation.
(3).Design software for GSM and USB camera. First analysis of the kernel driver framework, and then based on the architecture, hardware reference to the corresponding data sheet, to achieve a USB camera, GSM device driver loading; Video4Linux modules provided by Linux to complete the code of image acquisition;complete the preparation of short messaging program by the Siemens TC35 GSM module provides the AT commands; and complete the control of stepper motor.
(4).Research the face recognition algorithm. Firstly, introduct the face recognition technology, the image enhancement and normalization, use the wavelet theory and skin color segmentationd for face detection and location, then principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm for human face image feature extraction, and finally use the nearest distance classifier, feature matching for face recognition. Completed the face recognition program by uses cross-platform Opencv library which provide by Intel Verify the accuracy of face recognition by the method of experimental.
This system of innovation is use of face recognition identifying current driver identity, Through the mobile phone interact with arm controller starts to prevent stealing cars, then summary the paper, give the suggestion for deficiencies in papers.
本文主要内容如下：
(1)对硬件系统进行了总体规划,根据设计方案对ARM开发板、USB摄像机、GSM模块步、进电机模块进行了选型,并且使用Altium designer电路设计软件完成扩展电路设计。
(2)嵌入式Linux操作系统的移植。在对嵌入式Linux操作系统进行研究的基础上建立了嵌入式交叉编译环境、在分析系统引导过程后对Bootloader进行移植、使用busybox工具构建cramfs文件系统、并实现了Linux内核的编译与移植。
(3)GSM和USB摄像头程序的设计与开发。首先分析了内核驱动程序构架,然后依据该架构,参考相应的硬件数据手册,实现了USB摄像机、GSM设备驱动的加载；通过Linux提供的Video4Linux模块完成了图像采集程序的编写,针对西门子TC35 GSM模块提供的AT指令集完成短消息收发程序的编写；并且完成步进电机的控制。
(4)人脸识别算法的研究。首先对人脸识别技术进行概要性的介绍,对图像进行增强和归一化等预处理,用小波变换和肤色分割的的方法实现人脸的检测和定位,然后用主成分分析PCA (Principal Component Analysis)算法进行对图像人脸进行特征值提取,最后用最邻近距离分类器衡量特征匹配实现人脸的识别。整个人脸识别程序使用Intel提供的跨平台的Opencv函数库完成,在最后通过实验的方法验证人脸识别的准确性。
本系统的创新点在于利用人脸识别方法判别当前驾车人身份,再通过车主手机与ARM控制器进行交互的启动方式来进行汽车的防盗,在本文结束后对全文进行了总结,对系统中存在的不足之处提出了改进性的建议。
With the rapid development of computer electronic technology, a wide variety of car alarm systems appearing on the market. This papers uses an ARM processor design a car alarm system for the people who stolen cars by copy the key of the cars. This system consists of face recognition systems, GSM network, stepping motor and ARM control system.
The Main content of this papers as follows:
(1).Hardware system for the master plan, according to the design on the ARM Development Board, select USB video camera、GSM module and Stepping Motor, then using Altium designer circuit design software complete interface circuit design.
(2).Transplant the Linux OS on Embedded system. After study the Principle of Linux OS on the embedded system, design a cross compilation environment. Analysis of the system boot process,then complete the transplantation of bootloader, use the busybox tool to build a cramfs filesystem, and complete the Linux kernel compilation and transplantation.
(3).Design software for GSM and USB camera. First analysis of the kernel driver framework, and then based on the architecture, hardware reference to the corresponding data sheet, to achieve a USB camera, GSM device driver loading; Video4Linux modules provided by Linux to complete the code of image acquisition;complete the preparation of short messaging program by the Siemens TC35 GSM module provides the AT commands; and complete the control of stepper motor.
(4).Research the face recognition algorithm. Firstly, introduct the face recognition technology, the image enhancement and normalization, use the wavelet theory and skin color segmentationd for face detection and location, then principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm for human face image feature extraction, and finally use the nearest distance classifier, feature matching for face recognition. Completed the face recognition program by uses cross-platform Opencv library which provide by Intel Verify the accuracy of face recognition by the method of experimental.
This system of innovation is use of face recognition identifying current driver identity, Through the mobile phone interact with arm controller starts to prevent stealing cars, then summary the paper, give the suggestion for deficiencies in papers.
引文
[1]华清远见嵌入式培训中心嵌入式LINXU系统开发.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[2]赵苍明等嵌入式Linux应用开发教程.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[3]王黎明,陈双桥等.ARM9嵌入式系统开发与实践.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社2008.
[4]段锦.人脸自动机器识别.北京：科学出版社,2009.
[5]孙天泽.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南.北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[6]边肇棋,张学工等,模式识别(第2版)[M].北京：清华人学出版社,2000.
[7]Wookey,Chris Rutter, Jeff Sutherland, Paul Webb, 《The GNU Toolchain for ARM Target HOWTO》.
[8]Karim Yaghmour, 《Building Embedded Linux Systems》, USA:O'Reilly,2003.
[9]刘军芳,李立众等.基于S3C2410开发板的Bootloader的启动分析[J]微计算机信息,2006,22(6-2)：201-203.
[10]田泽.ARM9嵌入式开发与实践[M].北京：北京航空航天出版社,2006.
[11]严菊明.基于ARM嵌入式系统的通用Bootloader的设计与实现.东南大学硕士论文.2007.03：8-9.
[12]丁岩军.基于嵌入式ARM的Bootloader研究与实现.华北电力大学.硕士论文2007.07：8-14.
[13]Mark P,Wendi H.Sensor Management[M]//Wireless SensoNetworks.Kluwer Academic Publishers,2004:351-372.
[14]Xing Guoliang, Wang Xiaorui, Zhang Yuanfang,et al.Integrated Coverage and Connectivity Configuration for Energy Conservation in Sensor Networks[J].ACM Trans on Sensor Networks,2005,1(1):36-72.
[15]Wu Kui, Gao Yong, Li Fulu,et al. Lightweight Deployment-Aware Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks [J].Mobile Networks and Applications, 2005,10(6):837-852.
[16]曾利浪,张伟成基于GSM模块TC45的无线监控系统电子技术.2004第1期.
[17]环球移动通信系GSM智能车辆监控管理系统.技术论坛[J].200：432-35.
[18]吴朝军,赵霞,蒋涛,李芳基于GSM网络的汽车防盗系统.电子世界[J],2004年第4期：55-56.
[19]朱一峰.基于GSM网络的车载安防系统应用研究[D].长春理工大学,2006.
[20]TC35/TC37 Hardware Interface Description version 04.00 SiemensAG,2002.
[21]陈亮,于敏梁.Linux下USB驱动程序设计和实现[J].江苏航空2006.4.
[22]Video for Linux Two API Specification Revision 0.24[S],2008.
[23]Jonathan Corbet.Linux设备驱动程序[M].3版.北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[24]彭晓曦.嵌入式Linux下文件系统的研究与实现：(硕士学位论文).成都：电子科技人学,2007.
[25]邵长彬,李洪亮.用Busybox制作嵌入式Linux根文件系统.微计算机信息,2007,23(10-4)：48-50.
[26]熊伟,苹金明.嵌入式Linux中根文件系统的实现.电子测量技术,2007,30(7)：78-80.
[27]苏东.主流ARM嵌入式系统设计技术与实例精解.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[28]李亚峰,欧文盛等.ARM嵌入式LINUX系统开发从入门到精通.北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
[29]王永清,何波等.Linux下基于ARM920T的USB摄像头图像采集.微计算机信息.1008-0570(2007)01-2-0176-02
[30]魏武,杨坚锐.嵌入式Linux下USB摄像头驱动程序开发.电子技术.1004373X(2006)11 138 03
[31]戴栋.基于ARM9的特定人脸识别系统.中南大学.硕士论文.2009.5：20-24.
[32]Sung K and PoggioT.Example based learning for view based human faee detection[J],IEEE Trans on Patern Analysis and Machine Interlligence,1998, 20(1):39-52.
[33]郭秋平.基于ARM系统的Linux平台移植研究[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[34]何国辉,甘俊英PCA类内平均脸法在人脸识别中的应用研究.计算机应用与研究.2006,第3期：165-169
[35]王黎明,陈双桥等.ARM9嵌入式系统开发与实践.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[36]http://www.opencv.org.cn/index.php/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5.
[37]李振伟等.基于OpenCV的运动目标跟踪及其实现[J].科学计算及信息处理,2008.20
[38]梁路宏,艾海舟,徐光祜,张钹.人脸检测研究综述[J].计算机学报,2002,5：449-458.
[39]刘瑞祯,于仕琪.OpenCV教程——基础篇[M].北京航天航空大学出版社,2007
[2]赵苍明等嵌入式Linux应用开发教程.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[3]王黎明,陈双桥等.ARM9嵌入式系统开发与实践.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社2008.
[4]段锦.人脸自动机器识别.北京：科学出版社,2009.
[5]孙天泽.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南.北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[6]边肇棋,张学工等,模式识别(第2版)[M].北京：清华人学出版社,2000.
[7]Wookey,Chris Rutter, Jeff Sutherland, Paul Webb, 《The GNU Toolchain for ARM Target HOWTO》.
[8]Karim Yaghmour, 《Building Embedded Linux Systems》, USA:O'Reilly,2003.
[9]刘军芳,李立众等.基于S3C2410开发板的Bootloader的启动分析[J]微计算机信息,2006,22(6-2)：201-203.
[10]田泽.ARM9嵌入式开发与实践[M].北京：北京航空航天出版社,2006.
[11]严菊明.基于ARM嵌入式系统的通用Bootloader的设计与实现.东南大学硕士论文.2007.03：8-9.
[12]丁岩军.基于嵌入式ARM的Bootloader研究与实现.华北电力大学.硕士论文2007.07：8-14.
[13]Mark P,Wendi H.Sensor Management[M]//Wireless SensoNetworks.Kluwer Academic Publishers,2004:351-372.
[14]Xing Guoliang, Wang Xiaorui, Zhang Yuanfang,et al.Integrated Coverage and Connectivity Configuration for Energy Conservation in Sensor Networks[J].ACM Trans on Sensor Networks,2005,1(1):36-72.
[15]Wu Kui, Gao Yong, Li Fulu,et al. Lightweight Deployment-Aware Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks [J].Mobile Networks and Applications, 2005,10(6):837-852.
[16]曾利浪,张伟成基于GSM模块TC45的无线监控系统电子技术.2004第1期.
[17]环球移动通信系GSM智能车辆监控管理系统.技术论坛[J].200：432-35.
[18]吴朝军,赵霞,蒋涛,李芳基于GSM网络的汽车防盗系统.电子世界[J],2004年第4期：55-56.
[19]朱一峰.基于GSM网络的车载安防系统应用研究[D].长春理工大学,2006.
[20]TC35/TC37 Hardware Interface Description version 04.00 SiemensAG,2002.
[21]陈亮,于敏梁.Linux下USB驱动程序设计和实现[J].江苏航空2006.4.
[22]Video for Linux Two API Specification Revision 0.24[S],2008.
[23]Jonathan Corbet.Linux设备驱动程序[M].3版.北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[24]彭晓曦.嵌入式Linux下文件系统的研究与实现：(硕士学位论文).成都：电子科技人学,2007.
[25]邵长彬,李洪亮.用Busybox制作嵌入式Linux根文件系统.微计算机信息,2007,23(10-4)：48-50.
[26]熊伟,苹金明.嵌入式Linux中根文件系统的实现.电子测量技术,2007,30(7)：78-80.
[27]苏东.主流ARM嵌入式系统设计技术与实例精解.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[28]李亚峰,欧文盛等.ARM嵌入式LINUX系统开发从入门到精通.北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
[29]王永清,何波等.Linux下基于ARM920T的USB摄像头图像采集.微计算机信息.1008-0570(2007)01-2-0176-02
[30]魏武,杨坚锐.嵌入式Linux下USB摄像头驱动程序开发.电子技术.1004373X(2006)11 138 03
[31]戴栋.基于ARM9的特定人脸识别系统.中南大学.硕士论文.2009.5：20-24.
[32]Sung K and PoggioT.Example based learning for view based human faee detection[J],IEEE Trans on Patern Analysis and Machine Interlligence,1998, 20(1):39-52.
[33]郭秋平.基于ARM系统的Linux平台移植研究[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[34]何国辉,甘俊英PCA类内平均脸法在人脸识别中的应用研究.计算机应用与研究.2006,第3期：165-169
[35]王黎明,陈双桥等.ARM9嵌入式系统开发与实践.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[36]http://www.opencv.org.cn/index.php/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5.
[37]李振伟等.基于OpenCV的运动目标跟踪及其实现[J].科学计算及信息处理,2008.20
[38]梁路宏,艾海舟,徐光祜,张钹.人脸检测研究综述[J].计算机学报,2002,5：449-458.
[39]刘瑞祯,于仕琪.OpenCV教程——基础篇[M].北京航天航空大学出版社,2007