基于ARM+FPGA的高速信号采集与存储系统设计
摘要
在图像处理、航空航天、遥感测量、现代电子测试等很多领域,要求测试仪器设备能及时保存原始测试数据,用于事后数据分析和处理。同时前端探测器性能的提高,对于各种系统存储容量、体积、造价、稳定性等都提出了更高的要求。因此研制性能可靠、体积小、低成本的数据存储系统是十分必要的。
本文提出基于ARM嵌入式处理器+FPGA结构的高速信号采集与存储系统解决方案。进行了信号采集与存储系统设计。其特点是高性能、低成本、体积小。
文中利用了ARM处理器和FPGA可编程逻辑器件的特点,进行了基于本方案的硬件设计,FPGA软件设计。叙述了PCB设计以及调试过程中需注意的问题。
系统的硬件设计以ARM和FPGA为平台,ARM处理器采用了Samsung公司的S3C2410,FPGA采用Altera公司的EP2C8。硬件设计围绕着核心芯片,进行了电源设计和ARM和FPGA外围电路设计。
ARM处理器实现了系统的控制;FPGA作为协处理器实现了FIFO,一些接口、时序控制等,协助ARM采集数据。在FPGA中实现硬件电路简化了外围电路,使得设计灵活,开发调试方便,也提高了系统的可靠性。
系统软件操作系统采用的是Linux,基于嵌入式Linux操作系统的特点,分析了系统的实时性。接着进行了Linux平台上基于Qt的用户界面应用程序设计。
最后分析了系统测试结果,并指出存在的问题和改进方法。
Testing Instrument is required to acquire and save original testing data for later analysising and processing in image processing, remote sensing and modern electronic testing field. Higher requirement to storing capacity, volume, cost and system stability is brought forward. So it's necessary to develop a reliable, small and low-cost data acquiring and storing system.
The solution of high-speed signal acquiring and storing system based on ARM and FPGA architecture is mentioned by this thesis. The signal acquiring and storing system is designed. It provides feature included high performance, low-cost and small in volume.
The hardware and FPGA sofeware based on this solution are designed using the characteristic of ARM embedded system processor and FPGA programmable logic device. The problems which needed to be concerned in designing or debugging progress are discussed.
The hardware platform is based on ARM and FPGA. The ARM processor is S3C2410 from Samsung. The FPGA is EP2C8 from Altera. The hardware based on core chip is designed. The power and external circuit of ARM and FPGA are designed.
The ARM processor performs as the system controller. The FIFO memory and the logic of interface and timing controlling are realized in FPGA which performs as the co-processor to help the data acquisition. The hardware circuit implemented in FPGA makes it flexible to design, convenient to develop and debug. It also simpliys the external circuit and improves the system reliability.
Linux is the system operating system. The feature of Embedded Linux is presented. And then the real-time performance of the system is analyzed. The design of user interface application based on Linux Qt is also introduced.
At last the system testing result is analyzed. Existent deficiency and improved method are pointed out.
本文提出基于ARM嵌入式处理器+FPGA结构的高速信号采集与存储系统解决方案。进行了信号采集与存储系统设计。其特点是高性能、低成本、体积小。
文中利用了ARM处理器和FPGA可编程逻辑器件的特点,进行了基于本方案的硬件设计,FPGA软件设计。叙述了PCB设计以及调试过程中需注意的问题。
系统的硬件设计以ARM和FPGA为平台,ARM处理器采用了Samsung公司的S3C2410,FPGA采用Altera公司的EP2C8。硬件设计围绕着核心芯片,进行了电源设计和ARM和FPGA外围电路设计。
ARM处理器实现了系统的控制;FPGA作为协处理器实现了FIFO,一些接口、时序控制等,协助ARM采集数据。在FPGA中实现硬件电路简化了外围电路,使得设计灵活,开发调试方便,也提高了系统的可靠性。
系统软件操作系统采用的是Linux,基于嵌入式Linux操作系统的特点,分析了系统的实时性。接着进行了Linux平台上基于Qt的用户界面应用程序设计。
最后分析了系统测试结果,并指出存在的问题和改进方法。
Testing Instrument is required to acquire and save original testing data for later analysising and processing in image processing, remote sensing and modern electronic testing field. Higher requirement to storing capacity, volume, cost and system stability is brought forward. So it's necessary to develop a reliable, small and low-cost data acquiring and storing system.
The solution of high-speed signal acquiring and storing system based on ARM and FPGA architecture is mentioned by this thesis. The signal acquiring and storing system is designed. It provides feature included high performance, low-cost and small in volume.
The hardware and FPGA sofeware based on this solution are designed using the characteristic of ARM embedded system processor and FPGA programmable logic device. The problems which needed to be concerned in designing or debugging progress are discussed.
The hardware platform is based on ARM and FPGA. The ARM processor is S3C2410 from Samsung. The FPGA is EP2C8 from Altera. The hardware based on core chip is designed. The power and external circuit of ARM and FPGA are designed.
The ARM processor performs as the system controller. The FIFO memory and the logic of interface and timing controlling are realized in FPGA which performs as the co-processor to help the data acquisition. The hardware circuit implemented in FPGA makes it flexible to design, convenient to develop and debug. It also simpliys the external circuit and improves the system reliability.
Linux is the system operating system. The feature of Embedded Linux is presented. And then the real-time performance of the system is analyzed. The design of user interface application based on Linux Qt is also introduced.
At last the system testing result is analyzed. Existent deficiency and improved method are pointed out.
引文
[1]陆海东.基于DSP+FPGA的小波变换实时图像处理系统设计[学位论文].中国学位论文全文数据库.2005.6.3-6
[2](美)Andrew N.Sloss等著就建华译.ARM嵌入式系统开发--软件设计与优化.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.5.14-36
[3]孙纪坤等著.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解--基于ARM.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006.8.8-13
[4]孙天泽.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南--基于ARM9处理器.北京.电子工业出版社.2005.6.11-15
[5]吴继华等著.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(基础篇).北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.7.2-10
[6]Samsung Electronic Co.,Ltd.S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual.36-40
[7]Altera Corporation.Cyclone Ⅱ Device Handbook.19-25
[8]National Semiconductor Co.LM2576/LM2576HV Series Simple Switcher 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator.1-2
[9]National Semiconductor Co.LM1117 800mA Low-Dropout Linear Regulator.1-2
[10]Micrel,Inc.MIC5207 180mA Low-Noise LDO Regulator.1-2
[11]吴继华等著.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇).北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.7.2-10
[12]Samsung Electronic Co.,Ltd.K9F1208UOM 64M x 8 Bit NAND Hash Memory.1-20
[13]Hyundai Electronic.HY57V561620(L)T 4Banks x 4M x 16Bit Synchronous DRAM.1-2
[14]沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解.北京.电子工业出版社.2005.11.261-263
[15]Maxim Integrated Producets.MAX3232 RS-232 Transceivers.1-4
[16]Fairchild Semiconductor Co.FDC6321C Dual N&P Channel Digital FET.1-2
[17]周立功等著.S3C2410&嵌入式Linux系统教程.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.2.21-30
[18]Compaq Computer Co.等.Universal Serial Bus Specification.17-20
[19]马伟.计算机USB系统原理及其主/从机设计.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.1.21-27
[20]NXP Semiconductors.74LVC245A Octal Bus Transceiver.1-3
[21]张彦敏.基于IDE硬盘的数据采集存储系统研究[学位论文].中国学位论文全文数据库.2005.1.6-24
[22]刘淼.嵌入式Linux驱动程序设计.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.5.59-120
[23]Cirrus Logic,Inc.CS8900A Product Data Sheet.1-2
[24]Altera Corporation.High-Speed Board Designs.30-43
[25](美)约翰逊(Howard Johnson)等著.深立等译.高速数字设计.北京.电子工业出版社.2004.5.111-142
[26]侯伯亨等著.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2004.11.175-178
[27]Altera Corporation.Single & Dual-Clock FIFO Megafunction User Guide.7-11
[28]Altera Corporation.PLLs in Cyclone Ⅱ Devices.2-14
[29]陆松年.操作系统教程.北京.电子工业出版社.2000.10.67-80
[30]林纲.嵌入式操作系统的实时性的研究[硕士学位论文].中国学位论文全文数据库.200504.15-24
[31]陈红波.嵌入式实时Linux系统的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].中国学位论文全文数据库.200505.26-40
[32]倪继利.Qt及Linux操作系统窗口设计.北京.电子工业出版社.2006.4.81-90
[2](美)Andrew N.Sloss等著就建华译.ARM嵌入式系统开发--软件设计与优化.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.5.14-36
[3]孙纪坤等著.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解--基于ARM.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006.8.8-13
[4]孙天泽.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南--基于ARM9处理器.北京.电子工业出版社.2005.6.11-15
[5]吴继华等著.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(基础篇).北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.7.2-10
[6]Samsung Electronic Co.,Ltd.S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual.36-40
[7]Altera Corporation.Cyclone Ⅱ Device Handbook.19-25
[8]National Semiconductor Co.LM2576/LM2576HV Series Simple Switcher 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator.1-2
[9]National Semiconductor Co.LM1117 800mA Low-Dropout Linear Regulator.1-2
[10]Micrel,Inc.MIC5207 180mA Low-Noise LDO Regulator.1-2
[11]吴继华等著.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇).北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.7.2-10
[12]Samsung Electronic Co.,Ltd.K9F1208UOM 64M x 8 Bit NAND Hash Memory.1-20
[13]Hyundai Electronic.HY57V561620(L)T 4Banks x 4M x 16Bit Synchronous DRAM.1-2
[14]沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解.北京.电子工业出版社.2005.11.261-263
[15]Maxim Integrated Producets.MAX3232 RS-232 Transceivers.1-4
[16]Fairchild Semiconductor Co.FDC6321C Dual N&P Channel Digital FET.1-2
[17]周立功等著.S3C2410&嵌入式Linux系统教程.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.2.21-30
[18]Compaq Computer Co.等.Universal Serial Bus Specification.17-20
[19]马伟.计算机USB系统原理及其主/从机设计.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.1.21-27
[20]NXP Semiconductors.74LVC245A Octal Bus Transceiver.1-3
[21]张彦敏.基于IDE硬盘的数据采集存储系统研究[学位论文].中国学位论文全文数据库.2005.1.6-24
[22]刘淼.嵌入式Linux驱动程序设计.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.5.59-120
[23]Cirrus Logic,Inc.CS8900A Product Data Sheet.1-2
[24]Altera Corporation.High-Speed Board Designs.30-43
[25](美)约翰逊(Howard Johnson)等著.深立等译.高速数字设计.北京.电子工业出版社.2004.5.111-142
[26]侯伯亨等著.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2004.11.175-178
[27]Altera Corporation.Single & Dual-Clock FIFO Megafunction User Guide.7-11
[28]Altera Corporation.PLLs in Cyclone Ⅱ Devices.2-14
[29]陆松年.操作系统教程.北京.电子工业出版社.2000.10.67-80
[30]林纲.嵌入式操作系统的实时性的研究[硕士学位论文].中国学位论文全文数据库.200504.15-24
[31]陈红波.嵌入式实时Linux系统的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].中国学位论文全文数据库.200505.26-40
[32]倪继利.Qt及Linux操作系统窗口设计.北京.电子工业出版社.2006.4.81-90