海塔盆地复杂岩性储层测井评价方法研究
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摘要
测井解释是储层精细评价的重要内容,影响着油气田从勘探初期到后期开发的整个过程,具有重要研究意义。本文针对海拉尔-塔木察格盆地k1t组,k1n1组和k1n2组复杂岩性储层进行了岩性分析和岩石物理实验研究;开展多矿化度岩电实验、岩心核磁共振实验、X矿物衍射实验、自然伽马能谱实验等;分析了影响岩电参数的各种因素、建立了饱和度定量解释模型;应用时间推移测井模拟方法对泥浆侵入地层引起的电阻率变化进行了分析,并结合岩心资料对建立的饱和度模型进行了有效性分析和验证,得到了适应于研究区域的测井精细解释模型和评价方法。
泥浆侵入使得地层受到一定程度的污染,进而使得电测井响应不能真正的代表原状地层的电阻率;根据油水两相流理论模拟了地层的侵入特征;针对海塔盆地的特点,分析了孔隙度、渗透率等对泥浆侵入的影响,并对研究区块关键井段进行时间推移测井模拟,综合分析了研究区块的泥浆侵入情况和主控因素,有利于精确计算储层流体饱和度。孔隙度、泥质含量等是测井定量评价和定性解释的重要参数。测井初次解释时常采用三孔隙度交会的方法进行孔隙度计算、并根据已有模型进行渗透率计算。由于缺乏取心和地质资料,解释精度较低。本文根据岩心实验,采用岩心刻度测井的方法,建立了基于岩心实验的孔隙度模型;并根据储层岩石成分特点,采用最优化解释模型定量计算了孔隙度和各种矿物成分,得到了两种不同的计算孔隙度的方法,弥补了初次解释中骨架参数无法准确选取的缺陷。
针对研究区域地层水矿化度分布的复杂性,开展了多矿化度电阻率、阳离子交换、核磁共振等岩石物理实验,综合分析了影响岩电参数的主要因素;结合研究区的地质特点,使用了阿尔奇公式、粘土砂岩导电、有效水导电、岩石骨架导电等四种饱和度模型进行储层饱和度计算;并将结果与密闭取心资料进行了分析对比,充分验证了模型的正确性和精度。
Logging reservoir evaluation, as the main content of fine reservoir evaluation, affects the whole process in oilfield from the initial exploration to the later production, thus having great research significance. This paper proceeds lithological analysis and petrophysical experiments for reservoirs with complicated lithology in Tongbomiao Formation and the one and two sections of Nantun Formation. Experiments, such as multi-salinity rock-electricity experiment, core NMR experiment, mineral X ray diffraction experiment, and natural gamma ray spectrometry experiment, are implemented. All kinds of factors which influence rock-electricity parameters are analyzed, and quantitative interpretation model of saturation is established. The resistivity log respond is simulated and analysised with time-lapse logging method Then, by combining core data, effectiveness of the established model is analyzed and validated, and fine logging interpretation model and evaluation method suitable for this region are obtained.
The formation is polluted by the mud-filtrate invasion in some degree, making the resistivity acquired by well logging different from the virgin one. The invasion was simulated based on Two-phase Fluid Flow Theory. Combined with the characters of Haita basin, we analyzed the effect of mud-filtrate invasion on porosity and permeability and so forth. In addition, the simulation of time-lapse logging was carried out on the key well of the study area, the invasion and the controllable factors are analyzed comprehensively. All of these works are beneficial to compute the reservoir fluid saturation.
Porosity and shale volume are important parameters for quantitative logging evaluation and qualitative interpretation. During the initial logging interpretation, the cross plot technique of three porosities is commonly adopted for porosity computation, and permeability is calculated according to the existing model. Due to the lack of coring and geological data, the interpretation accuracy is doubtable. In this paper, with method of core calibrating log, a porosity model based on core experiments is established. On the basis of the characteristic of rock compositions, porosity and all kinds of mineral compositions are quantitatively computed by optimum interpretation model, thus two different ways of computing porosity obtained, which compensates the shortage of uncertainty in choosing matrix parameters during the initial interpretation.
Due to the complex salinity distribution of the study area, we carried out many petrophysical experiments including multi-salinity resistivity, cation exchange, NMR and so on, comprehensively analyzed the main factors on rock-electric parameters. Combined with the geological properties, the saturation is computed with several saturation models including Archie equation, malm rock electric conduction, effective water electric conduction and rock matrix electric conduction. The comparison with sealed coring approves the model.
泥浆侵入使得地层受到一定程度的污染,进而使得电测井响应不能真正的代表原状地层的电阻率;根据油水两相流理论模拟了地层的侵入特征;针对海塔盆地的特点,分析了孔隙度、渗透率等对泥浆侵入的影响,并对研究区块关键井段进行时间推移测井模拟,综合分析了研究区块的泥浆侵入情况和主控因素,有利于精确计算储层流体饱和度。孔隙度、泥质含量等是测井定量评价和定性解释的重要参数。测井初次解释时常采用三孔隙度交会的方法进行孔隙度计算、并根据已有模型进行渗透率计算。由于缺乏取心和地质资料,解释精度较低。本文根据岩心实验,采用岩心刻度测井的方法,建立了基于岩心实验的孔隙度模型;并根据储层岩石成分特点,采用最优化解释模型定量计算了孔隙度和各种矿物成分,得到了两种不同的计算孔隙度的方法,弥补了初次解释中骨架参数无法准确选取的缺陷。
针对研究区域地层水矿化度分布的复杂性,开展了多矿化度电阻率、阳离子交换、核磁共振等岩石物理实验,综合分析了影响岩电参数的主要因素;结合研究区的地质特点,使用了阿尔奇公式、粘土砂岩导电、有效水导电、岩石骨架导电等四种饱和度模型进行储层饱和度计算;并将结果与密闭取心资料进行了分析对比,充分验证了模型的正确性和精度。
Logging reservoir evaluation, as the main content of fine reservoir evaluation, affects the whole process in oilfield from the initial exploration to the later production, thus having great research significance. This paper proceeds lithological analysis and petrophysical experiments for reservoirs with complicated lithology in Tongbomiao Formation and the one and two sections of Nantun Formation. Experiments, such as multi-salinity rock-electricity experiment, core NMR experiment, mineral X ray diffraction experiment, and natural gamma ray spectrometry experiment, are implemented. All kinds of factors which influence rock-electricity parameters are analyzed, and quantitative interpretation model of saturation is established. The resistivity log respond is simulated and analysised with time-lapse logging method Then, by combining core data, effectiveness of the established model is analyzed and validated, and fine logging interpretation model and evaluation method suitable for this region are obtained.
The formation is polluted by the mud-filtrate invasion in some degree, making the resistivity acquired by well logging different from the virgin one. The invasion was simulated based on Two-phase Fluid Flow Theory. Combined with the characters of Haita basin, we analyzed the effect of mud-filtrate invasion on porosity and permeability and so forth. In addition, the simulation of time-lapse logging was carried out on the key well of the study area, the invasion and the controllable factors are analyzed comprehensively. All of these works are beneficial to compute the reservoir fluid saturation.
Porosity and shale volume are important parameters for quantitative logging evaluation and qualitative interpretation. During the initial logging interpretation, the cross plot technique of three porosities is commonly adopted for porosity computation, and permeability is calculated according to the existing model. Due to the lack of coring and geological data, the interpretation accuracy is doubtable. In this paper, with method of core calibrating log, a porosity model based on core experiments is established. On the basis of the characteristic of rock compositions, porosity and all kinds of mineral compositions are quantitatively computed by optimum interpretation model, thus two different ways of computing porosity obtained, which compensates the shortage of uncertainty in choosing matrix parameters during the initial interpretation.
Due to the complex salinity distribution of the study area, we carried out many petrophysical experiments including multi-salinity resistivity, cation exchange, NMR and so on, comprehensively analyzed the main factors on rock-electric parameters. Combined with the geological properties, the saturation is computed with several saturation models including Archie equation, malm rock electric conduction, effective water electric conduction and rock matrix electric conduction. The comparison with sealed coring approves the model.
引文
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[4] Archie, G.E.. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics[J].Petroleum Transactions of the AIME, 1942, 146:54-62
[5] Clavier C, Coates GR and Dumanoir J. TheTheoretical and Experimental Bases for the Dual Water Model for the Interpretation of Shaly Sands[J]. SPE, 1984, 24(2): 153-168
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[10]范宜仁,邓少贵,周灿灿.低矿化度条件下的泥质砂岩阿尔奇参数研究[J].测井技术,1997,21(3):200-204
[11]邓少贵,谢关宝,范宜仁,李峰.多浓度下泥质砂岩电学性质实验研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):543-546
[12]邓少贵,范宜仁,刘兵开,周灿灿.含油气泥质砂岩导电性研究[J].石油大学学报,2001,25(4):30-33
[13]邓少贵,范宜仁,李国欣,周灿灿.地层水矿化度对泥质砂岩物理性质的影响[J].测井技术,2006,30(2):113-115
[14]岳文正,陶果.饱和多相流体岩石导电规律的数值试验[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(增刊I):154-160
[15]褚人杰.确定碎屑岩储集层参数m和a值的方法[J].测井技术,1992,16(5):313-322
[16]李先鹏.泥质地层中饱和度指数的确定[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):83-85
[17]范宜仁,邓少贵,周灿灿.柳东地区岩石电阻率实验及数值模拟研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(5):42-44
[18]刘振华,欧阳健.利用时间推移感应测井动态反演进行储层评价[J].石油学报,2002(2):58-63
[19]杨震,李智强,邓少贵,等.大斜度井钻井液侵入数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(3):55-59
[20]谢关宝,范宜仁,吴海燕,等.储层泥浆侵入深度预测方法研究[J].测井技术,2006,30(3):240-242
[21]邓少贵,范宜仁,等.泥浆侵入地层双感应测井曲线正负差异特征分析[J].测井技术,2004,28(6):496-498
[22]邓少贵.大斜度井非均匀地层电测井响应研究[D].中国石油大学(华东),2006
[23]肖佃师.海拉尔盆地兴安岭群凝灰质砂岩储层物性解释方法研究[D].大庆石油学院,2006
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[25] Ashok D.Belelgundu&Tirupathi R.Chandrupatla,”Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering,”New Jersey: Prentice Hall(1999)
[26]钟兴水,高楚桥.一种新的解释方法-测井地层组分分析方法[J].测井技术:1992,16(3):222-228
[27]薛毅.最优化原理与方法[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001
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