敦煌绿洲农业生态安全评价
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摘要
近几十年来,随着全球人地矛盾的日趋尖锐,生态环境在总体上呈现恶化趋势,主要表现为土地退化加剧,生态平衡失调,植被破坏严重,生物多样性锐减等。人类正在不断面临新的威胁,影响国家安全的因素已不仅仅是国防安全、政治安全和经济安全。由此,国内外许多学者相继扩充了“国家安全”的概念,同时提出了“生态安全”、“环境安全”、“资源安全”等新的概念和问题,生态安全问题已经成为当前地学、资源与环境科学以及生态学研究的前沿任务和重要领域。
近年来,农业可持续发展研究受到了国际社会的普遍关注,农业生态安全研究是当前农业可持续发展研究的前沿课题。农业可持续发展的生态安全是指农业赖以发展的自然资源、生态环境处于一种不受威胁、没有危险的健康、平衡的状态,在这种状态下,农业生态系统有稳定、均衡、充裕的自然资源可供利用,农业生态环境处于无污染、未破坏的少受威胁的健康状态。只有在这种生态安全的状态下,农业才能实现生产可持续性、经济可持续性和社会可持续性。研究农业可持续发展的生态安全随时间的演变,深入地了解农业生态环境的安全程度,分析其生态安全变化的成因,对指导农业生态环境建设、实现农业可持续发展,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
敦煌绿洲位于甘肃省最西端,处于甘肃、青海、新疆三省(区)交汇处,是河西走廊绿洲的重要组成部分,干旱少雨、水资源短缺、植被稀疏、自然灾害频繁、生态环境退化严重,属典型的生态环境脆弱区。近年来,农业经济迅速发展,但农业可持续发展所面临的问题也越来越严重,如土壤盐碱化、水土污染、生态环境破坏、农产品商品率低、产业化进程缓慢等问题日益突出。本文选取敦煌绿洲为研究区,在借鉴前人所作研究的基础上,以联合国规划署的压力-状态-响应(P-S-R)概念模型为基础选取评价指标,利用生态安全评价模型对敦煌绿洲农业可持续发展的生态安全进行定量评估,以期为敦煌绿洲农业可持续发展和生态安全的管理提供科学依据和指导。
论文主要包括以下六个部分:
第一部分首先明确生态安全的相关概念,深入理解并详细阐述其内涵,在此基础上阐述了选题背景及国内外生态安全的研究进展,进而论述了本文研究目的、意义及研究的理论基础与方法。
第二部分分析了敦煌绿洲农业系统的现状以及存在问题。首先,概述了敦煌绿洲的自然环境和社会经济状况;其次,结合现有数据,全面阐述敦煌绿洲农业的发展现状;最后,综合分析了该区农业系统存在的问题。
第三部分基于对生态安全概念以及指标体系设计原则的理解,结合P-S-R模型,从资源生态环境压力、资源生态环境质量、资源生态环境保护整治和建设能力三方面选取1981-2005年连续25年的15个指标,构建了敦煌绿洲农业可持续发展的生态安全评价指标体系。
第四部分选用一种较为客观的权重系数赋值方法——熵值法来确定指标体系的权重,在收集整理指标数据、建立综合评价模型的基础上,选用多层次多目标系统模糊优选评价方法,将评价对象的相关数据代入相应的数学模型,测算出综合评价值,并在此基础上对评价结果进行量化分析。
第五部分在对敦煌绿洲农业生态安全现状有了深入了解的基础上,基于生态安全评价分析结果,提出针对敦煌绿洲生态农业具体的发展对策。
最后一部分在总结全文的同时,针对论文中存在的不足,提出了将来需要进一步深入研究的方向。
In recent decades, ecological environment overall showed a deterioration tendency as the global human-land conflict became more acute. It mainly presented as aggravation of land degradation,imbalance of ecology,destruction of vegetation,reduction of biodiversity etc, human are facing with new threats constantly. Not only the security of national defense,politics and economy but ecological deterioration have impact on national security. Therefore,the definition of national security is extended successively and the conception of ecological security、environmental security and resource security are put forward by scholars home and abroad. Ecological security problems play a vital part in geography,resource and environmental science and ecology.
Researches on sustainable development of agriculture have received the general concern of the international community recently,and the agricultural ecological security is the forefront. The study on the evolution of ecological security of agricultural sustainable development with a deep understanding of the extent and causes of agricultural ecological environment has theoretical and practical significance in guiding the construction of agricultural ecological environment and realize sustainable development of agriculture.
Dunhuang Oasis locates in the east of Gansu province,It is situated in the interchange of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces, an important part of Hexi Corridor oasis. It is a typical eco-environmental fragile area because of drought、shortage of water resources、sparse vegetation、frequent natural disasters and serious eco-environmental degradation. The sustainable development of agricultural becomes more and more serious as the rapid development of agricultural economy in recent Abased on the pressure-state-response(P-S-R) model which formulated by The United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)and previous researches and quantitatively evaluate the ecological security of agricultural sustainable development by using ecological security evaluation model with a view to provide a scientific guidance for sustainable agriculture and ecological security in Dunhuang oasis.
The paper includes the following six parts:
First of all, clear out the conception of ecological security、connotations and background, describe the subject selection background and research progress at home and abroad .And then discuss the purpose,significance and theoretical basis and methods.
The second part , gives an analysis of agricultural systems of the Dunhuang oasis. A comprehensive exposition of the development status quo of agriculture in Dunhuang oasis is presented based on an overview of the natural and socio-economic situation at first and then we analyze the existed issues of agricultural systems with the combination of the existing data.
In the third part,Continuous data between 1981 and 2005 are applied with P-S-R model on the basis of understanding the designing principles and concept of ecological security index system. The indexes are selected from three aspects which include the pressure, quality and capacity of construction of ecological environmental
In the fourth part,entropy method which is an objective method is used to determine the weight of index system. Utilizing Multi-level and multi-objective fuzzy optimization model to calculate the comprehensive values.Analyze the evaluation results on the basis of the comprehensive values.
Part five puts forward development countermeasures for ecological agriculture in Dunhuang oasis. The measures are based upon a deeper understanding of ecological security status of agriculture and the results of the ecological security evaluation analysis in Dunhuang oasis.
A conclusion and the direction of further study in view of the inadequacy are proposed at the end of the text.
近年来,农业可持续发展研究受到了国际社会的普遍关注,农业生态安全研究是当前农业可持续发展研究的前沿课题。农业可持续发展的生态安全是指农业赖以发展的自然资源、生态环境处于一种不受威胁、没有危险的健康、平衡的状态,在这种状态下,农业生态系统有稳定、均衡、充裕的自然资源可供利用,农业生态环境处于无污染、未破坏的少受威胁的健康状态。只有在这种生态安全的状态下,农业才能实现生产可持续性、经济可持续性和社会可持续性。研究农业可持续发展的生态安全随时间的演变,深入地了解农业生态环境的安全程度,分析其生态安全变化的成因,对指导农业生态环境建设、实现农业可持续发展,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
敦煌绿洲位于甘肃省最西端,处于甘肃、青海、新疆三省(区)交汇处,是河西走廊绿洲的重要组成部分,干旱少雨、水资源短缺、植被稀疏、自然灾害频繁、生态环境退化严重,属典型的生态环境脆弱区。近年来,农业经济迅速发展,但农业可持续发展所面临的问题也越来越严重,如土壤盐碱化、水土污染、生态环境破坏、农产品商品率低、产业化进程缓慢等问题日益突出。本文选取敦煌绿洲为研究区,在借鉴前人所作研究的基础上,以联合国规划署的压力-状态-响应(P-S-R)概念模型为基础选取评价指标,利用生态安全评价模型对敦煌绿洲农业可持续发展的生态安全进行定量评估,以期为敦煌绿洲农业可持续发展和生态安全的管理提供科学依据和指导。
论文主要包括以下六个部分:
第一部分首先明确生态安全的相关概念,深入理解并详细阐述其内涵,在此基础上阐述了选题背景及国内外生态安全的研究进展,进而论述了本文研究目的、意义及研究的理论基础与方法。
第二部分分析了敦煌绿洲农业系统的现状以及存在问题。首先,概述了敦煌绿洲的自然环境和社会经济状况;其次,结合现有数据,全面阐述敦煌绿洲农业的发展现状;最后,综合分析了该区农业系统存在的问题。
第三部分基于对生态安全概念以及指标体系设计原则的理解,结合P-S-R模型,从资源生态环境压力、资源生态环境质量、资源生态环境保护整治和建设能力三方面选取1981-2005年连续25年的15个指标,构建了敦煌绿洲农业可持续发展的生态安全评价指标体系。
第四部分选用一种较为客观的权重系数赋值方法——熵值法来确定指标体系的权重,在收集整理指标数据、建立综合评价模型的基础上,选用多层次多目标系统模糊优选评价方法,将评价对象的相关数据代入相应的数学模型,测算出综合评价值,并在此基础上对评价结果进行量化分析。
第五部分在对敦煌绿洲农业生态安全现状有了深入了解的基础上,基于生态安全评价分析结果,提出针对敦煌绿洲生态农业具体的发展对策。
最后一部分在总结全文的同时,针对论文中存在的不足,提出了将来需要进一步深入研究的方向。
In recent decades, ecological environment overall showed a deterioration tendency as the global human-land conflict became more acute. It mainly presented as aggravation of land degradation,imbalance of ecology,destruction of vegetation,reduction of biodiversity etc, human are facing with new threats constantly. Not only the security of national defense,politics and economy but ecological deterioration have impact on national security. Therefore,the definition of national security is extended successively and the conception of ecological security、environmental security and resource security are put forward by scholars home and abroad. Ecological security problems play a vital part in geography,resource and environmental science and ecology.
Researches on sustainable development of agriculture have received the general concern of the international community recently,and the agricultural ecological security is the forefront. The study on the evolution of ecological security of agricultural sustainable development with a deep understanding of the extent and causes of agricultural ecological environment has theoretical and practical significance in guiding the construction of agricultural ecological environment and realize sustainable development of agriculture.
Dunhuang Oasis locates in the east of Gansu province,It is situated in the interchange of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces, an important part of Hexi Corridor oasis. It is a typical eco-environmental fragile area because of drought、shortage of water resources、sparse vegetation、frequent natural disasters and serious eco-environmental degradation. The sustainable development of agricultural becomes more and more serious as the rapid development of agricultural economy in recent Abased on the pressure-state-response(P-S-R) model which formulated by The United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)and previous researches and quantitatively evaluate the ecological security of agricultural sustainable development by using ecological security evaluation model with a view to provide a scientific guidance for sustainable agriculture and ecological security in Dunhuang oasis.
The paper includes the following six parts:
First of all, clear out the conception of ecological security、connotations and background, describe the subject selection background and research progress at home and abroad .And then discuss the purpose,significance and theoretical basis and methods.
The second part , gives an analysis of agricultural systems of the Dunhuang oasis. A comprehensive exposition of the development status quo of agriculture in Dunhuang oasis is presented based on an overview of the natural and socio-economic situation at first and then we analyze the existed issues of agricultural systems with the combination of the existing data.
In the third part,Continuous data between 1981 and 2005 are applied with P-S-R model on the basis of understanding the designing principles and concept of ecological security index system. The indexes are selected from three aspects which include the pressure, quality and capacity of construction of ecological environmental
In the fourth part,entropy method which is an objective method is used to determine the weight of index system. Utilizing Multi-level and multi-objective fuzzy optimization model to calculate the comprehensive values.Analyze the evaluation results on the basis of the comprehensive values.
Part five puts forward development countermeasures for ecological agriculture in Dunhuang oasis. The measures are based upon a deeper understanding of ecological security status of agriculture and the results of the ecological security evaluation analysis in Dunhuang oasis.
A conclusion and the direction of further study in view of the inadequacy are proposed at the end of the text.
引文
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