散杂货港口货物可追溯性问题研究
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摘要
随着港口企业的不断发展,港口竞争的越来越激烈,给港口的运营带来了新的挑战。尤其是散杂货港口的生产技术比较落后,大部分是半机械、半手工作业,没有完整地信息化管理,使得作业信息流通不畅,信息传达错误,直接造成了生产效率不能提高,并使企业在各项管理上出现漏洞。
由此可见,货物信息量庞大的散杂货港口急需对生产管理进行完善的信息化建设和管理。同时因为港口本质上是个物流中心,为了提高货物在港流通的快速有效,提高作业质量和效率,降低作业成本,实现港口规范化的管理,实行系统的可追溯管理也势在必行。在现代港口货运管理中,可追溯性管理是提高货运服务质量的关键技术,也是当前业界研究关注的重要领域。
基于以上目的,本文在对货物跟踪进行了一些研究后,结合散杂货港口生产的特点,提出了面向港口企业的基于批次管理的货物跟踪模型。首先阐述了散杂货港口实行可追溯性管理的前提条件;接着,研究了适合港口行业的批次管理的方法及模型和货物工艺状态的描述方法;最后在此基础上通过追踪BOL,提出了适合散杂货港口的货物追踪模型。批次管理的思想是实现货物跟踪的基础,货物的追踪模型是为了实现生产过程中追踪货物而提出的,该模型以类似BOM的结构对货物的生产进行追踪和追溯。
同时,本文详细阐述了货物跟踪管理子系统的设计及功能实现过程,并构建了基于MES体系结构的整个货运管理原形系统,为港口货运行业实现可追溯性管理提供了技术方法和应用系统参考。
With the continuous development of the port, more and more intense competition, Port operators are facing new challenges. Especially, the grocery ports production technology is backward, most of the work is semi-mechanical and lack of complete information management. As a result, those lead to poor flow of operating information, error messages, low productivity and the loopholes in the management of enterprises.
This shows that port, which has a large amount of goods information, need to improve the management of information technology urgently. At the same time, because the port is essentially a logistics center, in order to increase the flow of goods efficiently , improve the quality and efficiency of operations, reduce operating costs and achieve standardization of port management, Traceability Management is imperative in port freight. In the modern management of port freight, Traceability Management is the key technology to enhance the quality of freight service, which is an important filed of current research.
Upon the analysis of the production characters and management demand of modern port freight, the study constructs a cargo tracing model based on Batch Management. Firstly, the study expounds the premise of Traceability Management in port, then it focuses on the research of Batch Management of port and the description of Material Process State and its algorithm. Finally, the study proposes a cargo tracing model by the tracking BOL. Batch Management thinking is the basis for the realization of tracking materials. In order to achieve cargo tracing of the production process the study proposes a tracing model. With the similar structure of BOM , the tracing model can track the production of materials.
At the same time, this article expounds the design of traceability management sub-system and implementation of the process, and constructs a freight management system based on MES framework, which provides technology method and reference of applied system to traceability management in freight industry.
由此可见,货物信息量庞大的散杂货港口急需对生产管理进行完善的信息化建设和管理。同时因为港口本质上是个物流中心,为了提高货物在港流通的快速有效,提高作业质量和效率,降低作业成本,实现港口规范化的管理,实行系统的可追溯管理也势在必行。在现代港口货运管理中,可追溯性管理是提高货运服务质量的关键技术,也是当前业界研究关注的重要领域。
基于以上目的,本文在对货物跟踪进行了一些研究后,结合散杂货港口生产的特点,提出了面向港口企业的基于批次管理的货物跟踪模型。首先阐述了散杂货港口实行可追溯性管理的前提条件;接着,研究了适合港口行业的批次管理的方法及模型和货物工艺状态的描述方法;最后在此基础上通过追踪BOL,提出了适合散杂货港口的货物追踪模型。批次管理的思想是实现货物跟踪的基础,货物的追踪模型是为了实现生产过程中追踪货物而提出的,该模型以类似BOM的结构对货物的生产进行追踪和追溯。
同时,本文详细阐述了货物跟踪管理子系统的设计及功能实现过程,并构建了基于MES体系结构的整个货运管理原形系统,为港口货运行业实现可追溯性管理提供了技术方法和应用系统参考。
With the continuous development of the port, more and more intense competition, Port operators are facing new challenges. Especially, the grocery ports production technology is backward, most of the work is semi-mechanical and lack of complete information management. As a result, those lead to poor flow of operating information, error messages, low productivity and the loopholes in the management of enterprises.
This shows that port, which has a large amount of goods information, need to improve the management of information technology urgently. At the same time, because the port is essentially a logistics center, in order to increase the flow of goods efficiently , improve the quality and efficiency of operations, reduce operating costs and achieve standardization of port management, Traceability Management is imperative in port freight. In the modern management of port freight, Traceability Management is the key technology to enhance the quality of freight service, which is an important filed of current research.
Upon the analysis of the production characters and management demand of modern port freight, the study constructs a cargo tracing model based on Batch Management. Firstly, the study expounds the premise of Traceability Management in port, then it focuses on the research of Batch Management of port and the description of Material Process State and its algorithm. Finally, the study proposes a cargo tracing model by the tracking BOL. Batch Management thinking is the basis for the realization of tracking materials. In order to achieve cargo tracing of the production process the study proposes a tracing model. With the similar structure of BOM , the tracing model can track the production of materials.
At the same time, this article expounds the design of traceability management sub-system and implementation of the process, and constructs a freight management system based on MES framework, which provides technology method and reference of applied system to traceability management in freight industry.
引文
[1]王智利.提升现代港口竞争力途径初探.学术交流[J]。2007.1
[2]葛德杰.信息技术住港口航道建设中的应用前景.水运工程[J].2000(5):46-48
[3]European Standard[EN ISO 8402:1995,Point 3.16].European Committee for Standardization (CEN).1995.
[4]T.Moe.Perspectives on Traceability in Food Manufacture.Food and Science Technology.1998,(9):211-214.
[5]APICS.APICS dictionary(1998,9thed.),http://www.apics.org/default.htm.1999-1-10.
[6]Steele D C.Structure for lot-tracing design[J].Production and InventoryManagement Journa,1 1995,36(1):53 59.
[7]Toyryl I.Realizing the potential of traceability[D].Thesis,HelsinkiUniversity of Technology,Espoo,Finland.1999.
[8]GhengM J,Simmons JEL.Traceability inmanufacturing systems[J].International Journal of Operations and Production Management,1994,14(10):4-16.
[9]M.H.Jansen Vullers,C.A.van Dorp,A.J.M.Beulens.Managing Traceability Information in Manufacture.International.Journal of Information Management.2003,(23):395-413.
[10]邸银锁.批次管理浅谈.电子标准化与质量(J).1996年第5期
[11]李明,张根保,曾海峰,赵喜.基于批次的产品质量信息因果追溯方法研究[A].第三届中国质量学术论坛论文集[C].2008年
[12]宫磊,杨建军.离散制造行业MES的产品可追溯性建模[J].成组技术与生产现代化.2007年02期.
[13]M.H.JansenVullers.C.A.van.Dorp,A.J.M.Beulens.Managing Traceability Information in Manufacture.International Journal of Information Management.2003,(23):395-413.
[14]戴宝纯.正确认识和有效应用ERP[J].自动化博览.2001(1):5-8.
[15]Alessio Bechini,Mario G.C.A.Cimino,Francesco Marcelloni,Andrea Tomasi.Patterns and technologies for enabling supply chain traceability through collaborative e-business,2007
[16]李 民,秦现生,李盘靖,刘继颖,Xiu tian Yan.流程产品质量可追溯性.西北工业大学学报[J].2002年03期.
[17]李明,张根保,曾海峰,赵喜.基于批次的产品质量信息因果追溯方法研究[A].第三届中国质量学术论坛论文集[C],2008.
[18]孟扬,冯平法,吴志军,张建富.制药业产品跟踪管理模型的研究与应用[J].计算机工程与设计,2008年03期.
[19]赵涛,路琨.面向产品可追溯性的批次清单构建研究[J].工业工程,2006,(03).
[20]乔顺国.基于MES的可追溯性系统的研究与实现[D].浙江大学.2007
[21]王青亮.基于批次管理的产品追踪溯源的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学计算机学院,2006.
[22]SWANTON B.MES five years later:prelude to phase[EB/OL].http://www.amrresearch.com.1990206211.
[23]MESA International.Coin Trots Definition&MES to Control Data Flow Possibilities.MESA International White Paper,1997:3
[24]Workflow Management Coalition.The workflow reference model WFMC TC00 - 1003[Z].1995.
[25]王红,曾庆超,邓汉艺.实时管控一体化技术往港口散货运输中的应用.水运工程[J].2007.6
[26]华锡肖.物资管理系统应用初探[J].商场现代化.2006,2:90.
[27]张楠,薄洪光,刘晓冰,王万雷.基于批次的钢铁行业货物工艺状态描述方法.计算机集成制造系统[J].2008年04期.
[28]黄学文.制造执行系统_MES_的研究和应用[D].大连理工大学.2003.
[29]朱华锋,谭建荣.MRPII中货物清单管理的关键技术研究.计算机工程与应用[J].2001,7:33-36.
[30]M.Henry Kim,S.Mark Fox,Michael Gruninger.An Ontology of Quality for Enterprise Modeling In Proceedings of WETICE.IEEE.1995:105-116.
[31]扬宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[32]斯可克.现场总线和管控一体化[J].化工自动化及仪表,1997,18(4):4-7.
[33]张海.软件工程导论[M].清华大学出版社.1992:32-45.
[2]葛德杰.信息技术住港口航道建设中的应用前景.水运工程[J].2000(5):46-48
[3]European Standard[EN ISO 8402:1995,Point 3.16].European Committee for Standardization (CEN).1995.
[4]T.Moe.Perspectives on Traceability in Food Manufacture.Food and Science Technology.1998,(9):211-214.
[5]APICS.APICS dictionary(1998,9thed.),http://www.apics.org/default.htm.1999-1-10.
[6]Steele D C.Structure for lot-tracing design[J].Production and InventoryManagement Journa,1 1995,36(1):53 59.
[7]Toyryl I.Realizing the potential of traceability[D].Thesis,HelsinkiUniversity of Technology,Espoo,Finland.1999.
[8]GhengM J,Simmons JEL.Traceability inmanufacturing systems[J].International Journal of Operations and Production Management,1994,14(10):4-16.
[9]M.H.Jansen Vullers,C.A.van Dorp,A.J.M.Beulens.Managing Traceability Information in Manufacture.International.Journal of Information Management.2003,(23):395-413.
[10]邸银锁.批次管理浅谈.电子标准化与质量(J).1996年第5期
[11]李明,张根保,曾海峰,赵喜.基于批次的产品质量信息因果追溯方法研究[A].第三届中国质量学术论坛论文集[C].2008年
[12]宫磊,杨建军.离散制造行业MES的产品可追溯性建模[J].成组技术与生产现代化.2007年02期.
[13]M.H.JansenVullers.C.A.van.Dorp,A.J.M.Beulens.Managing Traceability Information in Manufacture.International Journal of Information Management.2003,(23):395-413.
[14]戴宝纯.正确认识和有效应用ERP[J].自动化博览.2001(1):5-8.
[15]Alessio Bechini,Mario G.C.A.Cimino,Francesco Marcelloni,Andrea Tomasi.Patterns and technologies for enabling supply chain traceability through collaborative e-business,2007
[16]李 民,秦现生,李盘靖,刘继颖,Xiu tian Yan.流程产品质量可追溯性.西北工业大学学报[J].2002年03期.
[17]李明,张根保,曾海峰,赵喜.基于批次的产品质量信息因果追溯方法研究[A].第三届中国质量学术论坛论文集[C],2008.
[18]孟扬,冯平法,吴志军,张建富.制药业产品跟踪管理模型的研究与应用[J].计算机工程与设计,2008年03期.
[19]赵涛,路琨.面向产品可追溯性的批次清单构建研究[J].工业工程,2006,(03).
[20]乔顺国.基于MES的可追溯性系统的研究与实现[D].浙江大学.2007
[21]王青亮.基于批次管理的产品追踪溯源的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学计算机学院,2006.
[22]SWANTON B.MES five years later:prelude to phase[EB/OL].http://www.amrresearch.com.1990206211.
[23]MESA International.Coin Trots Definition&MES to Control Data Flow Possibilities.MESA International White Paper,1997:3
[24]Workflow Management Coalition.The workflow reference model WFMC TC00 - 1003[Z].1995.
[25]王红,曾庆超,邓汉艺.实时管控一体化技术往港口散货运输中的应用.水运工程[J].2007.6
[26]华锡肖.物资管理系统应用初探[J].商场现代化.2006,2:90.
[27]张楠,薄洪光,刘晓冰,王万雷.基于批次的钢铁行业货物工艺状态描述方法.计算机集成制造系统[J].2008年04期.
[28]黄学文.制造执行系统_MES_的研究和应用[D].大连理工大学.2003.
[29]朱华锋,谭建荣.MRPII中货物清单管理的关键技术研究.计算机工程与应用[J].2001,7:33-36.
[30]M.Henry Kim,S.Mark Fox,Michael Gruninger.An Ontology of Quality for Enterprise Modeling In Proceedings of WETICE.IEEE.1995:105-116.
[31]扬宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[32]斯可克.现场总线和管控一体化[J].化工自动化及仪表,1997,18(4):4-7.
[33]张海.软件工程导论[M].清华大学出版社.1992:32-45.