中小企业车间作业及物流管理系统设计
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摘要
在日益激烈的市场竞争中,信息化是中小制造企业提高竞争能力、促进持续发展的必然选择。作为企业生产过程管理核心的车间管理在企业信息化建设中的作用就显得尤为突出。车间是企业内部的一级生产管理组织,在企业管理中起着承上启下,过程监控、信息反馈的作用。因此,做好企业信息化建设,必然要强化车间信息化管理。没有好的车间管理,就不可能有好的企业管理和现场管理
本文立足于西安空工西航机械厂信息管理系统的实际项目,在管理信息系统一期阶段开发的基础上,通过对企业的深入调研,针对中小制造企业车间管理存在的需求和暴露出的问题,以.NET为应用开发平台,以SQL Server为数据库服务器,开发了车间作业管理和车间物流管理系统,实现了与一期系统的集成。
本文介绍了信息管理系统的总体规划,总结了管理信息系统前期开发内容的模块结构,对管理信息系统二期的开发内容进行了规划设计。系统二期开发内容具体包括车间物流管理和车间作业管理两个模块。在车间物流管理部分,本文分析了车间生产现状,对车间物流过程进行了建模。在车间作业管理部分,本文设计了包括能力、材料、提前期需求管理功能的车间生产作业准备模块,并且开发了一种基于编码、解码算法的车间作业调度管理方法。
本课题将信息化基础知识与中小制造企业车间管理实际情况相结合,设计与开发了一套适应中小制造企业车间管理的信息系统。该系统突破了以往企业管理信息系统在车间管理方面遇到的重重困难,找到了一种适宜中小制造企业生产类型特点的车间管理方式,较好的解决了车间作业及物流管理方面的问题。目前,该系统已在该厂上线运行,为其车间管理提供了有效的管理手段。
In the intense market competition, the informationization is the necessary choice for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to enhance the competitive ability, and to promote sustainable development. Job shop management, as the core element in enterprise production process management, is significantly important in the process of informationization construction. The workshop as the basic production management organization, plays a great role in linking, process monitoring and feeding back. Therefore, to realize the enterprise informationization construction, the workshop informationization management should be strengthened. Without good shop management, successful field management and enterprise management are impossible.
Standing on the actual project of Xi'an Aero-Engine Machine plant information management system, based on the primary stage development of management information system, through detailed investigation, focusing on the problems exposed in the small manufacturing firm shop management and existing demands, the job shop and logistics management information system is developed which is realized with.Net application platform and SQL Server database, and the integration of the primary stage development is realized.
The overall planning of the information management system is introduced, the modular structures of the primary phase development of the management information system are summarized, and the development of the second phase of the management information system is designed and planned. The job shop management and physical distribution management are main modules in the second phase development. In the workshop physical distribution management module, the workshop production status is analyzed, and modeling of the workshop physical distribution process is carried out. In the workshop job management module, ability, material, lead time and requirement management functions are designed, and a job shop scheduling method based on the coding and decoding algorithm is developed.
By connecting the elementary knowledge of informationization with the actual situations in SME job shop management, a management information system adapt to the small and medium manufacturing enterprises is designed and developed. This system broke through the difficulties existed in the former management information systems, and one kind of job shop management approach suitable to the small and medium manufacturing enterprises is found, which can better solve problems existed in the workshop operation and physical distribution management. At present, this system is running in the factory field, and provides an effective management tool for the shop management。
本文立足于西安空工西航机械厂信息管理系统的实际项目,在管理信息系统一期阶段开发的基础上,通过对企业的深入调研,针对中小制造企业车间管理存在的需求和暴露出的问题,以.NET为应用开发平台,以SQL Server为数据库服务器,开发了车间作业管理和车间物流管理系统,实现了与一期系统的集成。
本文介绍了信息管理系统的总体规划,总结了管理信息系统前期开发内容的模块结构,对管理信息系统二期的开发内容进行了规划设计。系统二期开发内容具体包括车间物流管理和车间作业管理两个模块。在车间物流管理部分,本文分析了车间生产现状,对车间物流过程进行了建模。在车间作业管理部分,本文设计了包括能力、材料、提前期需求管理功能的车间生产作业准备模块,并且开发了一种基于编码、解码算法的车间作业调度管理方法。
本课题将信息化基础知识与中小制造企业车间管理实际情况相结合,设计与开发了一套适应中小制造企业车间管理的信息系统。该系统突破了以往企业管理信息系统在车间管理方面遇到的重重困难,找到了一种适宜中小制造企业生产类型特点的车间管理方式,较好的解决了车间作业及物流管理方面的问题。目前,该系统已在该厂上线运行,为其车间管理提供了有效的管理手段。
In the intense market competition, the informationization is the necessary choice for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to enhance the competitive ability, and to promote sustainable development. Job shop management, as the core element in enterprise production process management, is significantly important in the process of informationization construction. The workshop as the basic production management organization, plays a great role in linking, process monitoring and feeding back. Therefore, to realize the enterprise informationization construction, the workshop informationization management should be strengthened. Without good shop management, successful field management and enterprise management are impossible.
Standing on the actual project of Xi'an Aero-Engine Machine plant information management system, based on the primary stage development of management information system, through detailed investigation, focusing on the problems exposed in the small manufacturing firm shop management and existing demands, the job shop and logistics management information system is developed which is realized with.Net application platform and SQL Server database, and the integration of the primary stage development is realized.
The overall planning of the information management system is introduced, the modular structures of the primary phase development of the management information system are summarized, and the development of the second phase of the management information system is designed and planned. The job shop management and physical distribution management are main modules in the second phase development. In the workshop physical distribution management module, the workshop production status is analyzed, and modeling of the workshop physical distribution process is carried out. In the workshop job management module, ability, material, lead time and requirement management functions are designed, and a job shop scheduling method based on the coding and decoding algorithm is developed.
By connecting the elementary knowledge of informationization with the actual situations in SME job shop management, a management information system adapt to the small and medium manufacturing enterprises is designed and developed. This system broke through the difficulties existed in the former management information systems, and one kind of job shop management approach suitable to the small and medium manufacturing enterprises is found, which can better solve problems existed in the workshop operation and physical distribution management. At present, this system is running in the factory field, and provides an effective management tool for the shop management。
引文
[1]Maropoulos P G, Bramall D. G., et al. Digital enterprise technology in production networks [J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2005,20(2):143-148.
[2]Xu X. W., Liu T. A.. A web-enabled PDM system in a collaborative design environment [J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2003,19(4):315-328.
[3]Chen D., Vernadat F.. Standards on enterprise integration and engineering-state of the art [J]. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2004,17(3):235-253.
[4]Akkermans H. A., Horst H.. Managing IT infrastructure standardization in the networked manufacturing firm [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2002,75(1-2):13-228.
[5]MEADE L. M., SARKIS J.. Analyzing organizational project alternatives for agile manufacturing processes:an analytical network approach [J]. International Journal of Production Research,2004, 37(2):41-42.
[6]Henry Lau. The new role of Intranet/Internet technology for manufacturing [J].Engineering with Computers,2002,14(2):150-155.
[7]程控,革杨.：MRPⅡ/ERP原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[8]Lee In, Michael J. Shaw. A neural-net approach to real time flow-shop sequencing [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2003,38(1):125-147.
[9]Yu H. B., Liang W.. Neural network and genetic algorithm-based hybrid approach to expanded job-shop scheduling [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2001,39(3):337-356.
[10]李小平,徐晓飞等.单件小批生产的网络计划/MRP研究与实现[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2002,8(6):425-428.
[11]Zhou Q., Besant C. B.. Information management in production planning for a virtual enterprise [J]. International Journal of Production Research,1999,37(1):207-218.
[12]Richards H. D., Dudenhausen H. M., et al. Flow of orders through a virtual enterprise:their proactive planning and planning and scheduling, and reactive control [J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal,1997,8(4):173-179.
[13]Liugen Song, Rakesh Nagi. Design and Implementation of virtual information system for agile manufacturing [J]. HE Transactions,1997,29(10):839-857.
[14]Blazewicz J., Domschke,W., et al. The job shop scheduling problem:conventional and new solution techniques [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1996,93(1):1-33.
[15]李斌,钟毅芳,肖人彬.基于人机集成的生产过程管理系统研究与开发[J].工业工程与管理,2004,(5)：58-62.
[16]Randhawa S. U., Zeng, Y.. Job shop scheduling:an experimental investigation of the performance of alternative scheduling rules [J]. Production Planning and Control,1996,7(1):47-56.
[17]Panwalker S. S., Iskander W.. Asurvey of scheduling rules, Operation Research,1977,25(1):45-61.
[18]Dimitri G., Aharon G.. Optimal job-shop scheduling with random operations and cost objectives [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2002,76(1):147-157.
[19]郑锋,孙树栋,吴秀丽.基于遗传算法和模型仿真的调度规则决策方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(7)：808-814.
[20]Zhou H., Feng Y., Han L.. The hybrid heuristic genetic algorithm for job shop scheduling [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2001,40(2):191-200.
[21]林海凡,李东波等.生产调度问题的启发式遗传算法.机械科学与技术,2000,19(5)：790-792.
[22]Subranmainam V., Lee G. K., et al. Dynamic selection of dispatching rules for job shop scheduling. Production Planning and Control [J],2000,11(1):73-81.
[23]李蓓智,杨建国,丁惠敏.基于生物免疫机理的智能调度系统建模与仿真[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002,8(6)：446-450.
[24]Wysk R., Wi D., Yang R.. A multi-pass expert control system for flexible manufacturing system [J]. NBS Special Publication,1986,251-278.
[25]Rabelo L., Sahinoglu M., Avula X.. Flexible manufacturing systems scheduling using Q-learning [C]. San Diego, California:Proceedings of the World Congress on Neural Networks,1994:1378-1385.
[26]Kuroda M., Wang Z.. Fuzzy job shop scheduling [J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1996,44(1):45-51.
[27]Sakawa M., Kubota R.. Fuzzy programming for multi-objective job shop scheduling with fuzzy processing time and fuzzy due-date through genetic algorithms [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,120(2):393-407.
[28]Grabot B., Geneste L.. Dispatching rules in scheduling:a fuzzy approach [J]. International Journal of Production Research,1994,32(4):903-915.
[29]Krucky J.. Fuzzy family setup assignment and machine balancing [J], Hewlett-Packard Jounal,1999, 8(6):51-64.
[30]Barnes J W., Chambers J B.. Solving the job shop scheduling problem with tabu search [J]. IEE Transactions,1995,27(2):257-263.
[31]Della-Croce F., Tadei R., et al. A genetic algorithm for job shop problem [J]. Computers Operations Research,1994,22(1):15-24.
[32]Ishibuchi H., Murata T.. A multi-objective genetic local search algorithm and its application to flowshop scheduling [J]. IEEE Transactions on System, Man, and Cybernetics-Part C:Applications and Reviews,1998,28(3):392-403.
[33]Khoo L.P., Lee S.G., Yin X.F.. A prototype genetic algorithm-enhanced multi-objective scheduler for manufacturing systems [J]. The International Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2000, 16(1):131-138.
[34]Elmaraghy H., Patel V.. Scheduling of manufacturing systems under dual-source constraints using genetic algorithms [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2000,19(3):186-201.
[35]Cheng R., Gen M., Tsujinmura Y.. A tutorial survey of job shop scheduling problems using genetic algorithms:hybrid genetic search strategies[J]. Computer & Industrial Engineering,1999,36(2): 343-364.
[36]Zhou Z.D., Wang H.H.. A multi-agent-based agile scheduling model for a virtual manufacturing environment [J]. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003,21(8):980-984.
[37]冯锡兰,蒋志强.动态联盟企业异地协同生产调度与控制策略研究[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2001,19(4)：66-70.
[38]姚倡锋,张定华等.面向复杂零件网络化制造的资源优化配置方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(7)：1060-1067.
[39]王书峰,邹益仁.车间作业调度(JSSP)技术问题简明综述[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,(1)：49-55.
[40]何霆，刘飞,马玉林.车间生产调度问题研究[J].机械工程学报,2000,36(5)：97-102.
[41]Bierwirth C., Mattfeld D. C.. Production scheduling and rescheduling with genetic algorithms [J]. Evolutionary Computation,1999,7(1):1-17.
[42]孙志峻,朱剑英.基于遗传算法的多资源作业车间智能动态优化调度[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(4)：120-125.
[43]WANGD, IPWH, YUNGKL.A heuristic genetic algorithm for subcontractor selection in a global manufacturing environment[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C Applications and Reviews,2001,31(2):189-98.
[44]SRINIVAS M., PATNAIK L M. Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithm [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics,1994,24(4):656-667.
[45]张铃,张钹.遗传算法机理的研究[J].软件学报,2003,11(7)：945-952.
[46]姚倡锋,张定华,彭文莉.基于遗传算法的网络化制造单元选择问题研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(12)：1555-1559.
[47]Tan W.. Integration of process planning and scheduling-a review [J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2000,11(1):51-63.
[48]Moon C., Kim J., Hur S.. Integrated process planning and scheduling with minimizing total tardiness in multi-plants supply chain [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2002,43(2):331-349.
[49]Hegedus, et al. Due date setting with supply constraints in systems using MRP [J].Computers & Industrial Engineering,2001,39(3):293-305.
[50]IMED C., SLIM H.. Approach by localization and multi objective evolutionary optimization for flexible job-shop scheduling problems [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C,2002,32(1):1-3.
[51]吴秀丽,孙树栋等.多目标柔性作业车间调度优化研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(5)：731-736.
[2]Xu X. W., Liu T. A.. A web-enabled PDM system in a collaborative design environment [J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2003,19(4):315-328.
[3]Chen D., Vernadat F.. Standards on enterprise integration and engineering-state of the art [J]. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2004,17(3):235-253.
[4]Akkermans H. A., Horst H.. Managing IT infrastructure standardization in the networked manufacturing firm [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2002,75(1-2):13-228.
[5]MEADE L. M., SARKIS J.. Analyzing organizational project alternatives for agile manufacturing processes:an analytical network approach [J]. International Journal of Production Research,2004, 37(2):41-42.
[6]Henry Lau. The new role of Intranet/Internet technology for manufacturing [J].Engineering with Computers,2002,14(2):150-155.
[7]程控,革杨.：MRPⅡ/ERP原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[8]Lee In, Michael J. Shaw. A neural-net approach to real time flow-shop sequencing [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2003,38(1):125-147.
[9]Yu H. B., Liang W.. Neural network and genetic algorithm-based hybrid approach to expanded job-shop scheduling [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2001,39(3):337-356.
[10]李小平,徐晓飞等.单件小批生产的网络计划/MRP研究与实现[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2002,8(6):425-428.
[11]Zhou Q., Besant C. B.. Information management in production planning for a virtual enterprise [J]. International Journal of Production Research,1999,37(1):207-218.
[12]Richards H. D., Dudenhausen H. M., et al. Flow of orders through a virtual enterprise:their proactive planning and planning and scheduling, and reactive control [J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal,1997,8(4):173-179.
[13]Liugen Song, Rakesh Nagi. Design and Implementation of virtual information system for agile manufacturing [J]. HE Transactions,1997,29(10):839-857.
[14]Blazewicz J., Domschke,W., et al. The job shop scheduling problem:conventional and new solution techniques [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1996,93(1):1-33.
[15]李斌,钟毅芳,肖人彬.基于人机集成的生产过程管理系统研究与开发[J].工业工程与管理,2004,(5)：58-62.
[16]Randhawa S. U., Zeng, Y.. Job shop scheduling:an experimental investigation of the performance of alternative scheduling rules [J]. Production Planning and Control,1996,7(1):47-56.
[17]Panwalker S. S., Iskander W.. Asurvey of scheduling rules, Operation Research,1977,25(1):45-61.
[18]Dimitri G., Aharon G.. Optimal job-shop scheduling with random operations and cost objectives [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2002,76(1):147-157.
[19]郑锋,孙树栋,吴秀丽.基于遗传算法和模型仿真的调度规则决策方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(7)：808-814.
[20]Zhou H., Feng Y., Han L.. The hybrid heuristic genetic algorithm for job shop scheduling [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2001,40(2):191-200.
[21]林海凡,李东波等.生产调度问题的启发式遗传算法.机械科学与技术,2000,19(5)：790-792.
[22]Subranmainam V., Lee G. K., et al. Dynamic selection of dispatching rules for job shop scheduling. Production Planning and Control [J],2000,11(1):73-81.
[23]李蓓智,杨建国,丁惠敏.基于生物免疫机理的智能调度系统建模与仿真[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002,8(6)：446-450.
[24]Wysk R., Wi D., Yang R.. A multi-pass expert control system for flexible manufacturing system [J]. NBS Special Publication,1986,251-278.
[25]Rabelo L., Sahinoglu M., Avula X.. Flexible manufacturing systems scheduling using Q-learning [C]. San Diego, California:Proceedings of the World Congress on Neural Networks,1994:1378-1385.
[26]Kuroda M., Wang Z.. Fuzzy job shop scheduling [J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1996,44(1):45-51.
[27]Sakawa M., Kubota R.. Fuzzy programming for multi-objective job shop scheduling with fuzzy processing time and fuzzy due-date through genetic algorithms [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,120(2):393-407.
[28]Grabot B., Geneste L.. Dispatching rules in scheduling:a fuzzy approach [J]. International Journal of Production Research,1994,32(4):903-915.
[29]Krucky J.. Fuzzy family setup assignment and machine balancing [J], Hewlett-Packard Jounal,1999, 8(6):51-64.
[30]Barnes J W., Chambers J B.. Solving the job shop scheduling problem with tabu search [J]. IEE Transactions,1995,27(2):257-263.
[31]Della-Croce F., Tadei R., et al. A genetic algorithm for job shop problem [J]. Computers Operations Research,1994,22(1):15-24.
[32]Ishibuchi H., Murata T.. A multi-objective genetic local search algorithm and its application to flowshop scheduling [J]. IEEE Transactions on System, Man, and Cybernetics-Part C:Applications and Reviews,1998,28(3):392-403.
[33]Khoo L.P., Lee S.G., Yin X.F.. A prototype genetic algorithm-enhanced multi-objective scheduler for manufacturing systems [J]. The International Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2000, 16(1):131-138.
[34]Elmaraghy H., Patel V.. Scheduling of manufacturing systems under dual-source constraints using genetic algorithms [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2000,19(3):186-201.
[35]Cheng R., Gen M., Tsujinmura Y.. A tutorial survey of job shop scheduling problems using genetic algorithms:hybrid genetic search strategies[J]. Computer & Industrial Engineering,1999,36(2): 343-364.
[36]Zhou Z.D., Wang H.H.. A multi-agent-based agile scheduling model for a virtual manufacturing environment [J]. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003,21(8):980-984.
[37]冯锡兰,蒋志强.动态联盟企业异地协同生产调度与控制策略研究[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2001,19(4)：66-70.
[38]姚倡锋,张定华等.面向复杂零件网络化制造的资源优化配置方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(7)：1060-1067.
[39]王书峰,邹益仁.车间作业调度(JSSP)技术问题简明综述[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,(1)：49-55.
[40]何霆，刘飞,马玉林.车间生产调度问题研究[J].机械工程学报,2000,36(5)：97-102.
[41]Bierwirth C., Mattfeld D. C.. Production scheduling and rescheduling with genetic algorithms [J]. Evolutionary Computation,1999,7(1):1-17.
[42]孙志峻,朱剑英.基于遗传算法的多资源作业车间智能动态优化调度[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(4)：120-125.
[43]WANGD, IPWH, YUNGKL.A heuristic genetic algorithm for subcontractor selection in a global manufacturing environment[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C Applications and Reviews,2001,31(2):189-98.
[44]SRINIVAS M., PATNAIK L M. Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithm [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics,1994,24(4):656-667.
[45]张铃,张钹.遗传算法机理的研究[J].软件学报,2003,11(7)：945-952.
[46]姚倡锋,张定华,彭文莉.基于遗传算法的网络化制造单元选择问题研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(12)：1555-1559.
[47]Tan W.. Integration of process planning and scheduling-a review [J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2000,11(1):51-63.
[48]Moon C., Kim J., Hur S.. Integrated process planning and scheduling with minimizing total tardiness in multi-plants supply chain [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2002,43(2):331-349.
[49]Hegedus, et al. Due date setting with supply constraints in systems using MRP [J].Computers & Industrial Engineering,2001,39(3):293-305.
[50]IMED C., SLIM H.. Approach by localization and multi objective evolutionary optimization for flexible job-shop scheduling problems [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C,2002,32(1):1-3.
[51]吴秀丽,孙树栋等.多目标柔性作业车间调度优化研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(5)：731-736.