基于ARM的远程家庭监护智能终端系统的研制
摘要
随着生活水平的不断提高，人们对健康保健和常规检查越来越重视。而且社会老龄化的不断加剧，老年人健康问题也成了深受社会关注的问题。但是在现在的医疗体制下，医院主要针对疾病治疗无法满足社会的需要。而且很多疾病发生前并无明显症状，而是在家中突然发生，因无法得到医生的及时诊治而使病情恶化甚至导致死亡。因此，发展一种新的医疗模式势在必行。以社区医疗为基础，发展以家庭为核心的远程家庭监护系统，使病人在家中就可享受到医院专业的监护，成为解决上述问题的有效途径。
本文研制了一种基于社区和家庭，以家庭为核心的“家庭——社区医院——中心医院”的三层体系结构的远程家庭监护系统。该系统主要包括家庭端的远程家庭监护智能终端和远端的医院监护中心两部分，其中，家庭端的远程家庭监护智能终端的软硬件实现是本文的重点和关键。
论文给出了远程家庭监护智能终端的硬件结构和软件体系的总体设计方案。远程家庭监护的硬件平台，以Philips的ARM内核的32位嵌入式微处理器LPC2214为控制核心，外围扩展蓝牙模块、ISP1160 USB主机模块、10M以太网通信模块、CF卡存储模块和液晶显示模块等模块实现。文中对各硬件模块的设计实现做了详尽的论述。在硬件平台的基础上，移植嵌入式操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ，按照操作系统、中间件程序和应用程序的分层软件体系结构，设计实现了远程家庭监护智能终端的软件，使得软件更易维护和升级。
论文对家庭监护终端的软件实现进行了详细的论述。设计实现了各硬件模块的驱动程序、通信协议和应用程序。整个应用程序按功能划分为9个任务，由操作系统内核进行调度，提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。应用程序实现了友好的人机界面和生理信号的自动分析功能。重点研究了ECG信号自动分析诊断算法，应用自适应模板法，实现了疾病自动分析诊断功能，能够实现10种常见心律异常的自动分析诊断。
远程家庭监护智能终端系统可实现对病人心电、血压、血糖、体温、呼吸率和血氧饱和度等参数的实时远程监护，可根据病人的情况定制要监护的参数，具有良好的可扩展性和灵活性。远程家庭监护终端，通过蓝牙模块以无线方式采集病人的心电和体温参数，通过USB主机下行口连接其他生理参数模块采集血压等参数。所采集的参数经终端分析处理后，可在液晶上显示生理参数值及结果，并可通过局域网传送到监护中心服务器，供社区医院监护医生分析诊断。在病人出现生理异常时，家庭监护智能终端能够给出初步诊断结果并发出报警。监护服务器收到报警后提醒监护医生给出诊断结果，并将诊断结果反馈到家庭监护终端显示，使病人能够得到及时救治。
本课题所研制的远程家庭监护终端系统，具有操作简单，界面友好，可扩展性和灵活性高等特点，能够实现低成本实时远程家庭监护。另外，系统采用嵌入式系统设计，具有较高的可靠性和实时性。经测试，远程家庭监护终端系统达到预期设计要求，有较高的实用价值。
With the continuous improvement of living standards, there is a growing emphasis on people's health care and wellness checks. Whilst with the increasingly aging of the population, health of the elderly has become the subject of the social concerns. But in the current medical system, most hospitals can't meet the needs of the community because they are interested in the treatment of the diseases. Also some diseases have no obvious symptoms, but suddenly are taken bad at home. Due to lack of timely medical treatment, people's illnesses became worse or even die. So development of a new medical model is absolutely necessary. A new home health telemonitoring system based on community is the right way to solve these problems. In the system, the family is the core and patients at home can enjoy the professional care like in hospital.
This paper developed a new home health telemonitoring system based on community and family. The structure of the system is "Home — Community Hospital -- Main hospital". The system includes an intelligent terminal at home-side and a viewer system for the therapist at community hospital. In this paper, the design of the home-side intelligent terminal system's hardware and software is the key.
This paper presents the scheme of the intelligent terminal hardware and software system in the new home health telemonitoring. The Philips LPC2214 is the core of the intelligent terminal's hardware platform, which is 32-bit ARM kernel embedded microprocessor, Periphery expands Bluetooth module, ISP1160 USB Host Module, 10M Ethernet communication module, CF card memory module and LCD modules. This paper minutely depicts the design of the hardware module. Based on the hardware platform, we transplant the embedded operating system μC/OS- II. According to software architecture, which has operating system, Middleware and application procedures three layers, we design and implement the home-side intelligent terminal's software. So that the software of the intelligent terminal easier to maintain and upgrade.
In this paper we state the realization of the intelligent terminal software in detail. We design the driver of the hardware modules, communication protocols and applications. The entire application process is divided into nine functional tasks scheduling by the operating system kernel. So the reliability and real-time of the system has improved. A user-friendly interface and automatic physiological signal analysis program are important parts of the application programs. The automatic analysis and diagnostic of ECG signals are studied. Applying the adaptive template automatic diagnostic algorithm, the home-side intelligent terminal is able to automatically analyze and diagnose 10 kinds of common abnormal rhythm.
The intelligent terminal system can timely collect and transmit multiply physiological parameters, such as ECG, NIBP, blood glucose, body temperature, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. And monitoring parameters can be customized according to the patient's condition, which make the home health telemonitoring system to be good scalability and flexibility. The intelligent terminal system can collect ECG and the body temperature through Bluetooth wireless module and acquire other physiological parameters such as blood pressure parameters using the other modules, which connect to USB Host down-link. The acquisition parameters are analyzed by the terminal. Then the physiological parameters and results can display on the LCD (liquid crystal display), and also be sent to telemonitoring center's server through LAN. In the community hospitals the therapist could use the physiological parameters to analyze and diagnose. When physiological abnormalities emerge, the intelligent terminal can give a preliminary diagnosis and alarm to patient and therapist. Seeing the alert, the therapist should give a diagnostic results based on the patient's physiological parameters immediately. The diagnostic results will be transmitted back to the home-side intelligent terminal and be displayed on LCD. So patients can receive timely treatment.
The subject has developed an intelligent terminal home health telemonitoring system, which has a simple and friendly interface, high scalability and flexibility, can achieve low-cost and real-time telemonitoring. In addition, using embedded system design, the system has high real-time and reliability. Through testing, the intelligent terminal system achieves the desired design requirements of the home telehealth and has high practical value.
本文研制了一种基于社区和家庭，以家庭为核心的“家庭——社区医院——中心医院”的三层体系结构的远程家庭监护系统。该系统主要包括家庭端的远程家庭监护智能终端和远端的医院监护中心两部分，其中，家庭端的远程家庭监护智能终端的软硬件实现是本文的重点和关键。
论文给出了远程家庭监护智能终端的硬件结构和软件体系的总体设计方案。远程家庭监护的硬件平台，以Philips的ARM内核的32位嵌入式微处理器LPC2214为控制核心，外围扩展蓝牙模块、ISP1160 USB主机模块、10M以太网通信模块、CF卡存储模块和液晶显示模块等模块实现。文中对各硬件模块的设计实现做了详尽的论述。在硬件平台的基础上，移植嵌入式操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ，按照操作系统、中间件程序和应用程序的分层软件体系结构，设计实现了远程家庭监护智能终端的软件，使得软件更易维护和升级。
论文对家庭监护终端的软件实现进行了详细的论述。设计实现了各硬件模块的驱动程序、通信协议和应用程序。整个应用程序按功能划分为9个任务，由操作系统内核进行调度，提高了系统的可靠性和实时性。应用程序实现了友好的人机界面和生理信号的自动分析功能。重点研究了ECG信号自动分析诊断算法，应用自适应模板法，实现了疾病自动分析诊断功能，能够实现10种常见心律异常的自动分析诊断。
远程家庭监护智能终端系统可实现对病人心电、血压、血糖、体温、呼吸率和血氧饱和度等参数的实时远程监护，可根据病人的情况定制要监护的参数，具有良好的可扩展性和灵活性。远程家庭监护终端，通过蓝牙模块以无线方式采集病人的心电和体温参数，通过USB主机下行口连接其他生理参数模块采集血压等参数。所采集的参数经终端分析处理后，可在液晶上显示生理参数值及结果，并可通过局域网传送到监护中心服务器，供社区医院监护医生分析诊断。在病人出现生理异常时，家庭监护智能终端能够给出初步诊断结果并发出报警。监护服务器收到报警后提醒监护医生给出诊断结果，并将诊断结果反馈到家庭监护终端显示，使病人能够得到及时救治。
本课题所研制的远程家庭监护终端系统，具有操作简单，界面友好，可扩展性和灵活性高等特点，能够实现低成本实时远程家庭监护。另外，系统采用嵌入式系统设计，具有较高的可靠性和实时性。经测试，远程家庭监护终端系统达到预期设计要求，有较高的实用价值。
With the continuous improvement of living standards, there is a growing emphasis on people's health care and wellness checks. Whilst with the increasingly aging of the population, health of the elderly has become the subject of the social concerns. But in the current medical system, most hospitals can't meet the needs of the community because they are interested in the treatment of the diseases. Also some diseases have no obvious symptoms, but suddenly are taken bad at home. Due to lack of timely medical treatment, people's illnesses became worse or even die. So development of a new medical model is absolutely necessary. A new home health telemonitoring system based on community is the right way to solve these problems. In the system, the family is the core and patients at home can enjoy the professional care like in hospital.
This paper developed a new home health telemonitoring system based on community and family. The structure of the system is "Home — Community Hospital -- Main hospital". The system includes an intelligent terminal at home-side and a viewer system for the therapist at community hospital. In this paper, the design of the home-side intelligent terminal system's hardware and software is the key.
This paper presents the scheme of the intelligent terminal hardware and software system in the new home health telemonitoring. The Philips LPC2214 is the core of the intelligent terminal's hardware platform, which is 32-bit ARM kernel embedded microprocessor, Periphery expands Bluetooth module, ISP1160 USB Host Module, 10M Ethernet communication module, CF card memory module and LCD modules. This paper minutely depicts the design of the hardware module. Based on the hardware platform, we transplant the embedded operating system μC/OS- II. According to software architecture, which has operating system, Middleware and application procedures three layers, we design and implement the home-side intelligent terminal's software. So that the software of the intelligent terminal easier to maintain and upgrade.
In this paper we state the realization of the intelligent terminal software in detail. We design the driver of the hardware modules, communication protocols and applications. The entire application process is divided into nine functional tasks scheduling by the operating system kernel. So the reliability and real-time of the system has improved. A user-friendly interface and automatic physiological signal analysis program are important parts of the application programs. The automatic analysis and diagnostic of ECG signals are studied. Applying the adaptive template automatic diagnostic algorithm, the home-side intelligent terminal is able to automatically analyze and diagnose 10 kinds of common abnormal rhythm.
The intelligent terminal system can timely collect and transmit multiply physiological parameters, such as ECG, NIBP, blood glucose, body temperature, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. And monitoring parameters can be customized according to the patient's condition, which make the home health telemonitoring system to be good scalability and flexibility. The intelligent terminal system can collect ECG and the body temperature through Bluetooth wireless module and acquire other physiological parameters such as blood pressure parameters using the other modules, which connect to USB Host down-link. The acquisition parameters are analyzed by the terminal. Then the physiological parameters and results can display on the LCD (liquid crystal display), and also be sent to telemonitoring center's server through LAN. In the community hospitals the therapist could use the physiological parameters to analyze and diagnose. When physiological abnormalities emerge, the intelligent terminal can give a preliminary diagnosis and alarm to patient and therapist. Seeing the alert, the therapist should give a diagnostic results based on the patient's physiological parameters immediately. The diagnostic results will be transmitted back to the home-side intelligent terminal and be displayed on LCD. So patients can receive timely treatment.
The subject has developed an intelligent terminal home health telemonitoring system, which has a simple and friendly interface, high scalability and flexibility, can achieve low-cost and real-time telemonitoring. In addition, using embedded system design, the system has high real-time and reliability. Through testing, the intelligent terminal system achieves the desired design requirements of the home telehealth and has high practical value.
引文
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