基于ARM的煤质工业分析仪的研究与设计
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摘要
煤的工业分析用来测量煤中水分、灰分、挥发分以及固态碳的质量百分含量,是了解煤质特性的重要途径,也是评价煤质的基本依据。根据工业分析的测定结果可初步判断煤的性质、种类、煤的加工利用效果和工业用途。近年来,我国煤质工业分析仪在结构、自动控制等技术上都取得了快速的发展,现已广泛应用于各个工业领域。但随着功能、速度、精度等要求的不断提高,基于8位或16位单片机的测控系统资源已严重不足,引入32位嵌入式系统将成为必然趋势。
本文首先介绍了煤质工业分析的内容和意义,阐述了现有煤质分析方法和分析仪器的发展现状,指出了其不足,根据热重分析原理,设计了一种基于ARM的煤质工业分析仪,对本工业分析仪的硬件设计、软件设计和上位机系统设计做了详细介绍。
作者重点研究了基于ARM的硬件控制系统。简要介绍了微处理器LPC2214的功能;采用新型冷端补偿芯片MAX6675提高温度检测精度;设计了RS485收发自动切换电路,可以方便与计算机连接组网;设计了一种基于调压模块的控温电路并给出了仿真波形。
为了提高工作效率、减小人为误差,该工业分析仪采用简单的机械手实现自动样品送取,在电路上采用CPLD控制步进电机,不仅提高了系统的抗干扰能力,还具有保密性强的特点。
工业分析仪系统软件是在嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ基础上开发的。论文研究了操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ在LPC2214上的移植,实现了复杂应用程序的模块化与层次化设计。嵌入式系统的引入增强了软件开发的进度,又能保证软件的可靠性与可维护性。
在实现恒温控制的任务中,采用模糊控制技术,仿真实验表明该技术能够很好的满足传统加热干燥箱这类大时滞对象的控制要求,使干燥箱的温度相对快速的稳定在所需要的温度。
为了建立统一的实验室煤质分析系统操作平台,本文采用标准的ModBus通信协议研究了分析系统的通信程序,对实验室仪器管理和扩展具有重要的实际意义,并给出了相关的操作界面图。
The industrial analyzer for coal quality is used to measure the quality percent of water, ash, volatilization and solid state carbon in coal, as well as an important way to know the character of coal, as well as the base of evaluating coal.It is able to judge the coal’s character, types, the effect of machining-using and the industry purpose by this analyzer, which has developed very quickly on both structure and autocontrol technique in our country since recent years. And now the analyzer has been widely used in industry field.However, with the increase of function demands, speed and precision, it will be an obvious tendency to adopt 32 bit embedded system in the analyzer, because of lacking of resource in testing an controlling system which based on 8 bit or 16 bit single chip processor.
At first, the paper introduced the content and mening of the industrial analyzer for coal quality, expatiated the analyse method and the development of the analyzer both in our country and abroad now, as well as the limitation. Then according to the thermogravimetric analysis theory the paper designed a kind of fully auto-measuring industrial analyzer for coal quality based on ARM. The paper also detailedly introduced the hardware design, the software design and the PC system design. The author mainly made the research on the hardware controlling system based on ARM, which consist of simply introducing the LPC2214 MCU, adopting a new cold-junction compensation chip max6675 to improve the testing precision,designing a RS485 circuit which can auto receive and send message so that it can link PC and make network conveniently. The paper also designed a kind of control-circuit to adjusted voltage modul,and make the simulated wave form out.
In order to improve the work efficiency and reduce the man-made error, the analyzer adopted the simple manipulator to automatically send and snatch at sample,which was realized in circuit by controlling step motor with CPLD. It not only enhances the systematic anti-interference ability but also can make the program keep secret.
The analyzer’s software is based on the embedded operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱ. The paper researched the transplant ofμC/OS-Ⅱon LPC2214.The idea of delaminated design realized the modularization and delamination of complex applications. With this method, the software exploiting was speeded up, and the dependability and maintainability of the software was guaranteed.
The task in realizing the constant temperature has adopted the fuzzy control technique. The simulated experiment is indicated that this technique can meet well to heat in the tradition dry box which has stagnant, as well as can make the dry box temperature stabilize relatively speedily in the needed temperature.
For building the unified laboratory analysis system handles platform for coal, the paper researched the communication procedure in the analysis system which adopted the standard M0dBus communication protocol. It is an important actual significance to laboratory instrument management and expansion. And the paper also has shown some pertinent operationinterface pictures.
本文首先介绍了煤质工业分析的内容和意义,阐述了现有煤质分析方法和分析仪器的发展现状,指出了其不足,根据热重分析原理,设计了一种基于ARM的煤质工业分析仪,对本工业分析仪的硬件设计、软件设计和上位机系统设计做了详细介绍。
作者重点研究了基于ARM的硬件控制系统。简要介绍了微处理器LPC2214的功能;采用新型冷端补偿芯片MAX6675提高温度检测精度;设计了RS485收发自动切换电路,可以方便与计算机连接组网;设计了一种基于调压模块的控温电路并给出了仿真波形。
为了提高工作效率、减小人为误差,该工业分析仪采用简单的机械手实现自动样品送取,在电路上采用CPLD控制步进电机,不仅提高了系统的抗干扰能力,还具有保密性强的特点。
工业分析仪系统软件是在嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ基础上开发的。论文研究了操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ在LPC2214上的移植,实现了复杂应用程序的模块化与层次化设计。嵌入式系统的引入增强了软件开发的进度,又能保证软件的可靠性与可维护性。
在实现恒温控制的任务中,采用模糊控制技术,仿真实验表明该技术能够很好的满足传统加热干燥箱这类大时滞对象的控制要求,使干燥箱的温度相对快速的稳定在所需要的温度。
为了建立统一的实验室煤质分析系统操作平台,本文采用标准的ModBus通信协议研究了分析系统的通信程序,对实验室仪器管理和扩展具有重要的实际意义,并给出了相关的操作界面图。
The industrial analyzer for coal quality is used to measure the quality percent of water, ash, volatilization and solid state carbon in coal, as well as an important way to know the character of coal, as well as the base of evaluating coal.It is able to judge the coal’s character, types, the effect of machining-using and the industry purpose by this analyzer, which has developed very quickly on both structure and autocontrol technique in our country since recent years. And now the analyzer has been widely used in industry field.However, with the increase of function demands, speed and precision, it will be an obvious tendency to adopt 32 bit embedded system in the analyzer, because of lacking of resource in testing an controlling system which based on 8 bit or 16 bit single chip processor.
At first, the paper introduced the content and mening of the industrial analyzer for coal quality, expatiated the analyse method and the development of the analyzer both in our country and abroad now, as well as the limitation. Then according to the thermogravimetric analysis theory the paper designed a kind of fully auto-measuring industrial analyzer for coal quality based on ARM. The paper also detailedly introduced the hardware design, the software design and the PC system design. The author mainly made the research on the hardware controlling system based on ARM, which consist of simply introducing the LPC2214 MCU, adopting a new cold-junction compensation chip max6675 to improve the testing precision,designing a RS485 circuit which can auto receive and send message so that it can link PC and make network conveniently. The paper also designed a kind of control-circuit to adjusted voltage modul,and make the simulated wave form out.
In order to improve the work efficiency and reduce the man-made error, the analyzer adopted the simple manipulator to automatically send and snatch at sample,which was realized in circuit by controlling step motor with CPLD. It not only enhances the systematic anti-interference ability but also can make the program keep secret.
The analyzer’s software is based on the embedded operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱ. The paper researched the transplant ofμC/OS-Ⅱon LPC2214.The idea of delaminated design realized the modularization and delamination of complex applications. With this method, the software exploiting was speeded up, and the dependability and maintainability of the software was guaranteed.
The task in realizing the constant temperature has adopted the fuzzy control technique. The simulated experiment is indicated that this technique can meet well to heat in the tradition dry box which has stagnant, as well as can make the dry box temperature stabilize relatively speedily in the needed temperature.
For building the unified laboratory analysis system handles platform for coal, the paper researched the communication procedure in the analysis system which adopted the standard M0dBus communication protocol. It is an important actual significance to laboratory instrument management and expansion. And the paper also has shown some pertinent operationinterface pictures.
引文
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[2] 陈亚飞.煤质评价与煤质标准化[J].煤质技术,2006(1):12-15
[3] 郭永红,孙保民,刘海波.煤的元素分析和工业分析对应关系的探讨[J].现代电力,2005,22(3):55-57
[4] 闵凡飞,张明旭,朱惠臣.煤工业分析和燃烧特性的 TG-DTG-DTA 研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32(11):51-54
[5] 闵凡飞,张明旭.浅谈 TG 法在煤的工业分析中的应用[J].选煤技术,2004(6):11-13
[6] Martyn Ottaway.Use of thermogravimetry for proximate analysis of coals and cokes[J].Fuel,1982,61(8):713-716
[7] Warne S.St.J.Thermal analysis and coal assessment:an overview with new development[J].Thermochimica Acta,1996,34(5):17-21
[8] 郭长波,胡玉妮,王仲勤.煤的工业分析的几点改进[J].煤质技术,2005(5):50-51
[9] 王磊,易顺勇,张德强.煤质工业分析仪器智能分析系统的设计[J].自动化与仪表,2004(2):23-25
[10] 余子炎,张德强.一种新型煤的全自动工业分析仪的研制[J].煤质技术,2005(4):62-64,66
[11] 熊友辉,蒋泰毅.基于热重方法的自动煤质工业分析仪研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(6):717-720
[12] 赵凤杰,刘剑.煤的热重分析技术及应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005,增刊(24):25-27
[13] 苏永福.煤质在线自动分析系统的开发及其工业应用[J].自动化与仪表,1999,14(4):26-29
[14] Yong Chen,Singkatsu Mori,Wei Pingpan.Estimating the combustibility of various coals by TG-DTA[J].Energy and fuels,1995(1):53-56
[15] Benfell Kathy E, Basil Beamish B, Rodgers K A. Thermo-gravimetric analytical procedures for characterizing New Zealand Eastern Australian coals[J].Thermochimica Acta,1996(286):87-91
[16] 冯小平,谢峻林,肖天来.煤的工业分析软件的研制开发[J].国外建材科技,2001,22(3):67-70
[17] 韩立亭.煤的工业分析方法(GB/T212-2001)修订简要说明[J].煤质技术,2004,23(4):7-8
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