LTE-A系统下行MU-MIMO技术的研究
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摘要
在信息社会,移动通信技术的发展得到了愈来愈多的关注。截至目前移动接入业务主要有以下四大类：个人通信,互联网接入,增值业务,娱乐等。用户移动业务需求的快速增长,促进了移动通信技术的快速发展。目前,第三代合作伙伴计划长期演进计划的后续演进(LTE-Advanced)具有很强的优势。
多输入多输出(MIM0)天线技术提供了提升频谱效率和改善无线链路传输性能的巨大潜力。为此,MIMO无线传输技术的研究成为下一代移动通信系统的关键所在。在目前LTE-A标准技术的研究工作中,上下行MIMO技术,尤其是多用户MIMO技术和多小区MIMO技术获得了广泛的研究和关注。本文主要研究LTE-A系统下行多用户MIMO (MU-MIMO)技术。
本文的主要工作成果有以下几方面：
一、设计与搭建物理层仿真平台,主要包括PDSCH的各个模块的实现算法,为下面算法的仿真做好铺垫。
二、提出一种简化的基于迫零预编码的用户配对算法,该算法的性能趋近于基于迫零预编码的性能,并且降低了实现复杂度。
三、提出一种基于特征值分解波束赋形预编码的用户配对算法,该算法将特征值分解波束赋形预编码应用于多用户系统,同时该算法的性能明显优于单用户双流系统的性能。
四、在仿真平台中实现文章中所涉及到的算法,并进行了仿真,从系统吞吐量和误码率两方面验证了所提算法的优化性能。最后从数学上进行了算法复杂度的计算,证明所提算法降低了实现复杂度。
In the current information era, the progress of mobile communication technology has raised more public concern. So far mobile access technology has been divided into four categories:personal communications, internet access, value-added service, entertainment and so on. The sharp rise in the users' demand of mobile services stimulates the rapid development of mobile communication technology. At present, LTE-Advanced has shown a strong competitive advantage largely.
MIMO wireless technology offers great potential for the improveme nt of spectral efficiency and transmission performance on wireless link. T herefore, research on MIMO wireless technology is the key point for the next-generation mobile communication system. Based on the current LTE-A standard techniques, downlink and uplink MIMO technologies, especi ally multi-user MIMO technology and multi-cell MIMO technology, have attracted extensive research and much attention. The main concern for thi s essay is the multi-user MIMO technology (MU-MIMO) on the base of L TE-A system.
The main work and achievements in this essay are as follows:
1The physical layer simulation platform is designed and constructed, which mainly consists of the realization algorithms of the modules in PDSCH, to pave the way for the simulation of the following algorithms.
2A simplified user pairing algorithm on the Zero Forcing BeamForming(ZF-BF)precoding is put forward, which approaches the capacity of ZF-BF precoding and reduce the complexity of the implementation.
3A user pairing algorithm on the Eigen-based Beamforming(EBB) precoding is proposed, which applies EBB to multi-user system. Also the function of this algorithm apparently is superior to the single-user system.
4The above algothrithm is achieved on the simulation platform and the optimal performance of the mentioned algorithm in terms of system throughput and BLER is proved. Lastly, from the view of mathematics this essay calculates the algorithm complexity and verifies the simplicity of the mentioned algorithm.
多输入多输出(MIM0)天线技术提供了提升频谱效率和改善无线链路传输性能的巨大潜力。为此,MIMO无线传输技术的研究成为下一代移动通信系统的关键所在。在目前LTE-A标准技术的研究工作中,上下行MIMO技术,尤其是多用户MIMO技术和多小区MIMO技术获得了广泛的研究和关注。本文主要研究LTE-A系统下行多用户MIMO (MU-MIMO)技术。
本文的主要工作成果有以下几方面：
一、设计与搭建物理层仿真平台,主要包括PDSCH的各个模块的实现算法,为下面算法的仿真做好铺垫。
二、提出一种简化的基于迫零预编码的用户配对算法,该算法的性能趋近于基于迫零预编码的性能,并且降低了实现复杂度。
三、提出一种基于特征值分解波束赋形预编码的用户配对算法,该算法将特征值分解波束赋形预编码应用于多用户系统,同时该算法的性能明显优于单用户双流系统的性能。
四、在仿真平台中实现文章中所涉及到的算法,并进行了仿真,从系统吞吐量和误码率两方面验证了所提算法的优化性能。最后从数学上进行了算法复杂度的计算,证明所提算法降低了实现复杂度。
In the current information era, the progress of mobile communication technology has raised more public concern. So far mobile access technology has been divided into four categories:personal communications, internet access, value-added service, entertainment and so on. The sharp rise in the users' demand of mobile services stimulates the rapid development of mobile communication technology. At present, LTE-Advanced has shown a strong competitive advantage largely.
MIMO wireless technology offers great potential for the improveme nt of spectral efficiency and transmission performance on wireless link. T herefore, research on MIMO wireless technology is the key point for the next-generation mobile communication system. Based on the current LTE-A standard techniques, downlink and uplink MIMO technologies, especi ally multi-user MIMO technology and multi-cell MIMO technology, have attracted extensive research and much attention. The main concern for thi s essay is the multi-user MIMO technology (MU-MIMO) on the base of L TE-A system.
The main work and achievements in this essay are as follows:
1The physical layer simulation platform is designed and constructed, which mainly consists of the realization algorithms of the modules in PDSCH, to pave the way for the simulation of the following algorithms.
2A simplified user pairing algorithm on the Zero Forcing BeamForming(ZF-BF)precoding is put forward, which approaches the capacity of ZF-BF precoding and reduce the complexity of the implementation.
3A user pairing algorithm on the Eigen-based Beamforming(EBB) precoding is proposed, which applies EBB to multi-user system. Also the function of this algorithm apparently is superior to the single-user system.
4The above algothrithm is achieved on the simulation platform and the optimal performance of the mentioned algorithm in terms of system throughput and BLER is proved. Lastly, from the view of mathematics this essay calculates the algorithm complexity and verifies the simplicity of the mentioned algorithm.
引文
[1]万彭,杜志敏LTE和LTE-Advanced关键技术综述[J]_现代电信科技,2009,(09).
[2]沈嘉LTE-Advanced关键技术演进趋势[J].移动通信,2008,(16).
[3]林辉LTE-Advanced的标准化情况[J].电信科学,2009,(01).
[4]肖睿LTE-Advanced及其关键技术[J].江西通信科技,2009,(03).
[5]房秉毅,张云勇LTE/LTE-A技术及标准进展[J].电信网技术,2010,(05).
[6]吴群英LTE系统中的多天线技术[J].电信科学,2009,(10).
[7]焦慧颖LTE-Advanced关键技术及标准化进展[J].电信网技术,2009,(12).
[8]姚冰心,胡爱群.下行MIMO通信系统的多用户分集研究[J].电子与信息学报,2009,(01).
[9]曾二林,朱世华,廖学文,王君.空分复用多输入多输出系统中的分组多用户分集[J].电子与信息学报,2008,(01).
[10]康亦佳MIMO技术在HSPA+系统中的研究[A].中国通信学会信息通信网络技术委员会2011年年会论文集(下册)[C],2011.
[11]郭彬,樊迅,曹伟,李亚麟,蒋智宁.八天线TD-LTE系统的波束赋形算法分析[J].电讯技术,2010,(08).
[12]郭文卓.多天线多用户通信系统关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2009.
[13]Quentin H. Spencer, A.Lee Swindlehurst, Martin Haardt, "Zero-Forcing Methods for Downlink Spatial Multiplexing in Multiuser MIMO Channels", IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, VOL.52, page 461-471, Feb 2004.
[14]3GPP Technical Report 25.814, version 7.1.0, Physical layer aspects for Evolved LrrRA,Sept.2006.
[15]3GPP TS 36.211 V9.1.0 (2010-03), Physical Channel and Modulation (Release 9).
[16]3GPP TS 36.213 V9.2.0 (2010-06), Physical Layer Procedures (Release 9).
[17]Andrea Goldsmith,''Wireless Communications",2006.
[18]“智能天线在TD. LTE和4G中的应用”,大唐移动.
[19]Zukan Shen, Runhua Chen, Jeffrey G. Andrews, Robert W. Heath, Brian L. Evans, "Low complexity User Selection Algorithm for Multiuser MIMO systems with Block Diagonalization", IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, Sep 2005.
[20]Work Item Description for" Enhanced DL transmission for LTE[R]. RP 090359:CMCC, March.2009.
[21]D. Tse and P. Viswanath, "Fundamentals of Wireless Communication",2005.
[22]R1-062483, "Comparison between MU-MIMO codebook-based channel reporting techniques for LTE downlink", Philips.
[23]Lal C. Godara, "Application of Antenna Arrays to Mobile Communications, Part2:Beam-Forming and Direction-of-Arrival Considerations", in Proceedings of the IEEE, Aug.1997.
[24]Erik Dahlman,Stefan ParkvaU, Johan Skold,ct al. "3G Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", Second Edition,2008.
[25]李旭,何迪.基于前置维纳滤波的多用户MIMO系统下行链路线性预编码方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2009,(07).
[26]I. Z. Kovacs ct al, "Effects of Non-Ideal Channel Feedback on Dual-Stream MIMO-OFDMA System Performance," in IEEE Proe. Veh. Techn01. Conf., Oct.2007.
[27]C. B. Peel, B. M. Hochwald, and A. L. Swindlehurst, "A vector-perturbation technique for near-capacity multiantenna multiuser communication-Part 1:Channel inversion and regularization," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.53, no.1, pp.195-203, Jan.2005.
[28]IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Acc,css Working Group, "IEEE 802.16m Evaluation Methodology Document(EMD)", March 2008.
[29]郝东来,葛建华.一种多小区MIMO系统的分层预编码方案[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2010,(04).
[30]Na Wei, A. Polkhariyal, T. B. Sorensen et al., "Performance of MIMO、 Ⅳim Frequency Domain Packet Scheduling in UTRAN LTE Downlink", in VTC, April 2007.
[31]夏欣,方舒,武刚,李少谦.MU-MIMO系统的用户调度和预编码联合优化[J].计算机工程与应用,2011,(21).
[32]LTE DL Beamforming Performance and Evolution to Dual Stream[R]. R1-09 1 753:Nokia,Nokia Siemens Networks, May.2009.
[33]Lal C Godara, "Application of Antenna Arrays to Mobile Communications, Part2:Beam-Forming and Direction-of-Arrival Considerations",in Proceedings of the IEEE, Aug.1997.
[34]3GPP Technical Report 25.996, version 6.1.0, Sptial Channel Model for MIMO Simulations, Sept.2006.
[2]沈嘉LTE-Advanced关键技术演进趋势[J].移动通信,2008,(16).
[3]林辉LTE-Advanced的标准化情况[J].电信科学,2009,(01).
[4]肖睿LTE-Advanced及其关键技术[J].江西通信科技,2009,(03).
[5]房秉毅,张云勇LTE/LTE-A技术及标准进展[J].电信网技术,2010,(05).
[6]吴群英LTE系统中的多天线技术[J].电信科学,2009,(10).
[7]焦慧颖LTE-Advanced关键技术及标准化进展[J].电信网技术,2009,(12).
[8]姚冰心,胡爱群.下行MIMO通信系统的多用户分集研究[J].电子与信息学报,2009,(01).
[9]曾二林,朱世华,廖学文,王君.空分复用多输入多输出系统中的分组多用户分集[J].电子与信息学报,2008,(01).
[10]康亦佳MIMO技术在HSPA+系统中的研究[A].中国通信学会信息通信网络技术委员会2011年年会论文集(下册)[C],2011.
[11]郭彬,樊迅,曹伟,李亚麟,蒋智宁.八天线TD-LTE系统的波束赋形算法分析[J].电讯技术,2010,(08).
[12]郭文卓.多天线多用户通信系统关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2009.
[13]Quentin H. Spencer, A.Lee Swindlehurst, Martin Haardt, "Zero-Forcing Methods for Downlink Spatial Multiplexing in Multiuser MIMO Channels", IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, VOL.52, page 461-471, Feb 2004.
[14]3GPP Technical Report 25.814, version 7.1.0, Physical layer aspects for Evolved LrrRA,Sept.2006.
[15]3GPP TS 36.211 V9.1.0 (2010-03), Physical Channel and Modulation (Release 9).
[16]3GPP TS 36.213 V9.2.0 (2010-06), Physical Layer Procedures (Release 9).
[17]Andrea Goldsmith,''Wireless Communications",2006.
[18]“智能天线在TD. LTE和4G中的应用”,大唐移动.
[19]Zukan Shen, Runhua Chen, Jeffrey G. Andrews, Robert W. Heath, Brian L. Evans, "Low complexity User Selection Algorithm for Multiuser MIMO systems with Block Diagonalization", IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, Sep 2005.
[20]Work Item Description for" Enhanced DL transmission for LTE[R]. RP 090359:CMCC, March.2009.
[21]D. Tse and P. Viswanath, "Fundamentals of Wireless Communication",2005.
[22]R1-062483, "Comparison between MU-MIMO codebook-based channel reporting techniques for LTE downlink", Philips.
[23]Lal C. Godara, "Application of Antenna Arrays to Mobile Communications, Part2:Beam-Forming and Direction-of-Arrival Considerations", in Proceedings of the IEEE, Aug.1997.
[24]Erik Dahlman,Stefan ParkvaU, Johan Skold,ct al. "3G Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", Second Edition,2008.
[25]李旭,何迪.基于前置维纳滤波的多用户MIMO系统下行链路线性预编码方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2009,(07).
[26]I. Z. Kovacs ct al, "Effects of Non-Ideal Channel Feedback on Dual-Stream MIMO-OFDMA System Performance," in IEEE Proe. Veh. Techn01. Conf., Oct.2007.
[27]C. B. Peel, B. M. Hochwald, and A. L. Swindlehurst, "A vector-perturbation technique for near-capacity multiantenna multiuser communication-Part 1:Channel inversion and regularization," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.53, no.1, pp.195-203, Jan.2005.
[28]IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Acc,css Working Group, "IEEE 802.16m Evaluation Methodology Document(EMD)", March 2008.
[29]郝东来,葛建华.一种多小区MIMO系统的分层预编码方案[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2010,(04).
[30]Na Wei, A. Polkhariyal, T. B. Sorensen et al., "Performance of MIMO、 Ⅳim Frequency Domain Packet Scheduling in UTRAN LTE Downlink", in VTC, April 2007.
[31]夏欣,方舒,武刚,李少谦.MU-MIMO系统的用户调度和预编码联合优化[J].计算机工程与应用,2011,(21).
[32]LTE DL Beamforming Performance and Evolution to Dual Stream[R]. R1-09 1 753:Nokia,Nokia Siemens Networks, May.2009.
[33]Lal C Godara, "Application of Antenna Arrays to Mobile Communications, Part2:Beam-Forming and Direction-of-Arrival Considerations",in Proceedings of the IEEE, Aug.1997.
[34]3GPP Technical Report 25.996, version 6.1.0, Sptial Channel Model for MIMO Simulations, Sept.2006.