1866例冠心病患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点分析
|
摘要
目的:探讨冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变特点之间的相互关系。
方法:收集我院2000年1月-2007年12月行冠状动脉造影病例2513例,其中确诊冠心病1866例,排除冠心病诊断647例。对各病例的冠心病危险因素、临床类型和冠脉病变特点进行回顾性的研究。从冠脉狭窄程度、Gensini积分、累及血管支数、弥漫性病变以及左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉、左主干四支主要血管的病变情况来分析其与危险因素和临床类型的相互关系。
结果:①冠心病与年龄、收缩压、空腹血糖、糖尿病病程、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B、脂蛋白(a)、总胆红素、尿酸相关(P＜0.01)。②男性、吸烟、超重、年龄、空腹血糖、总胆红素、间接胆红素与冠脉狭窄程度正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。③男性Gensini积分与年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、体重指数和脂蛋白(a)相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);回归方程为:男性Gensini积分=-43.419+0.999年龄-25.686高密度脂蛋白+3.137空腹血糖+2.051体重指数+0.464脂蛋白(a)。女性Gensini积分与空腹血糖、总胆固醇、纤维蛋白原和脂蛋白(a)有关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);回归方程为:女性Gensini积分=-126.860+3.604空腹血糖+7.639纤维蛋白原+6.984脂蛋白(a)+4.667总胆固醇。④糖尿病、高血压、超重、年龄、空腹血糖、纤维蛋白原与冠脉病变血管支数正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A与病变血管支数负相关(P＜0.01)。⑤糖尿病、超重、年龄、空腹血糖、载脂蛋白B、脂蛋白(a)、直接胆红素、纤维蛋白原与弥漫性病变正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与弥漫性病变负相关(P＜0.01)。⑥男性、合并糖尿病、吸烟、超重与左前降支狭窄程度相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。⑦合并糖尿病、超重、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖和载脂蛋白A在不同左回旋支狭窄程度组间明显不同,且高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白A随着左回旋支狭窄程度加重而降低(P＜0.01),而空腹血糖、超重比例随着左回旋支狭窄程度加重而增高(P＜0.01)。⑧合并高血压、糖尿病、超重、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇在不同右冠脉狭窄程度组间明显不同,且高密度脂蛋白胆固醇随着右冠脉狭窄程度加重而降低(P＜0.01)。⑨男性冠心病发病年龄早于女性;青年冠心病组吸烟及有冠心病家族史的比例高于中年冠心病组及老年冠心病组(P＜0.01)。⑩不稳定型心绞痛组的冠脉狭窄程度小于陈旧性心肌梗死组和急性心肌梗死组(P＜0.01)。陈旧性心肌梗死组的Gensini积分最高(P＜0.01)。稳定型心绞痛组最易有弥漫性病变(P＜0.05)。
结论:①在左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉3支血管中,左前降支最易受累。②高龄、男性、合并糖尿病、吸烟、超重的陈旧性心肌梗死患者冠脉狭窄程度一般较严重,多支冠脉病变多见。③高龄、超重及合并糖尿病的稳定型心绞痛患者易有弥漫性病变。④空腹血糖、总胆固醇、脂蛋白(a)和纤维蛋白原水平较高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白A水平较低的冠心病患者冠脉狭窄程度较重,多支冠脉病变及弥漫性血管病变多见。
Objective:
This study is to investigate the relationship between the risk factors of coronary artery disease and the coronary artery lesions.
Methods:
A total of 2513 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed as coronary heart disease (CHD)or without CHD by coronary angiography(2000～2007)were studied retrospectively. The relationship between the risk factors and clinic type of CHD and the characteristic of coronary artery lesions which expressed by severity of coronary artery,Gensini cumulative index,branch number of stenosis coronary artery,diffuse lesions and the lesions of left anterior descending of coronary artery(LAD),left circumflex coronary artery(LCX),right coronary artery(RCA)and left main of coronary artery(LM)was analyzed.
Results:
①Age,systolic blood pressure(SBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),course of diabetes mellitus(DM),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDH),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL),apolipoproteins A(APOA),apolipoproteins B(APOB), lipoprotein(a)(LP(a)),total bilirubin(TBIL)and uric acid(UA)have relationships with CHD(P＜0.01).②There are positive correlations between the degree of coronary artery stenosis and male,regular smoking,overweight,age,FBG,TBIL and indirect bilirubin(IBIL) (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).③There are correlations between male Gensini cumulative index and age,HDL,FBG,body mass index(BMI)and LP(a)(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05):male Gensini cumulative index=-43.419+0.999AGE-25.686HDL+3.137BFS+2.051BMI+0.464 LP(a). There are correlations between female Gensini cumulative index and FBG,total cholesterol (TC),fibrinogen(FIB)and LP(a)(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05):female Gensini cumulative index=-126.860+3.604BFS +7.639FIB+6.984 LP(a)+4.667TC.④DM,hypertension, overweight,age,FBG and FIB are positively correlated with branch number of stenosis coronary artery(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).HDL and APOA are negatively correlated with branch number of stenosis coronary artery(P＜0.01).⑤DM,overweight,age,FBG,APOB,LP(a), DBIL and FIB are positively correlated with diffuse lesions(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).HDL is negatively correlated with diffuse lesions(P＜0.01).⑥The incidence of graveness stenosis of LAD in male is higher than in female.DM,overweight and smoking have relationship with severe lesions of LAD(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).⑦DM,overweight,HDL,FBG and APOA have relationship with lesions of LCX.FBG and overweight are positively correlated with lesions of LCX(P＜0.01).HDL and APOA are negatively correlated with lesions of LCX(P＜0.01).⑧Hypertension,DM,overweight and HDL have relationship with lesions of RCA.HDL is negatively correlated with lesions of RCA(P＜0.01).⑨Male develop CHD earlier than female.Compared with other groups,the rates of smoking and family history of CHD in young-CHD group were higher(P＜0.01).⑩The degree of coronary artery stenosis in unstable angina pectoris group is higher than in old myocardial infarction group and acute myocardial infarction group(P＜0.01).The Gensini cumulative index in old myocardial infarction group is highest(P＜0.01).People with stable angina pectoris are apt got diffuse lesions(P＜0.05).
Conclusion:
①LAD is apt of suffering from lesions than LCX and RCA.②Male patients with great age,DM,BMI≥25kg/m~2 and history of smoking and myocardial infarction are apt of suffering from severe and multivessel lesions.③Patients with great age,DM, BMI≥25kg/m~2 and stable angina pectoris are apt of suffering from diffuse lesions.④Patients with high BFS,TC,LP(a)and FIB and low HDL-C and APOA are apt of suffering from severe,multivessel and diffuse lesions.
方法:收集我院2000年1月-2007年12月行冠状动脉造影病例2513例,其中确诊冠心病1866例,排除冠心病诊断647例。对各病例的冠心病危险因素、临床类型和冠脉病变特点进行回顾性的研究。从冠脉狭窄程度、Gensini积分、累及血管支数、弥漫性病变以及左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉、左主干四支主要血管的病变情况来分析其与危险因素和临床类型的相互关系。
结果:①冠心病与年龄、收缩压、空腹血糖、糖尿病病程、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B、脂蛋白(a)、总胆红素、尿酸相关(P＜0.01)。②男性、吸烟、超重、年龄、空腹血糖、总胆红素、间接胆红素与冠脉狭窄程度正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。③男性Gensini积分与年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、体重指数和脂蛋白(a)相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);回归方程为:男性Gensini积分=-43.419+0.999年龄-25.686高密度脂蛋白+3.137空腹血糖+2.051体重指数+0.464脂蛋白(a)。女性Gensini积分与空腹血糖、总胆固醇、纤维蛋白原和脂蛋白(a)有关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);回归方程为:女性Gensini积分=-126.860+3.604空腹血糖+7.639纤维蛋白原+6.984脂蛋白(a)+4.667总胆固醇。④糖尿病、高血压、超重、年龄、空腹血糖、纤维蛋白原与冠脉病变血管支数正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A与病变血管支数负相关(P＜0.01)。⑤糖尿病、超重、年龄、空腹血糖、载脂蛋白B、脂蛋白(a)、直接胆红素、纤维蛋白原与弥漫性病变正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与弥漫性病变负相关(P＜0.01)。⑥男性、合并糖尿病、吸烟、超重与左前降支狭窄程度相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。⑦合并糖尿病、超重、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖和载脂蛋白A在不同左回旋支狭窄程度组间明显不同,且高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白A随着左回旋支狭窄程度加重而降低(P＜0.01),而空腹血糖、超重比例随着左回旋支狭窄程度加重而增高(P＜0.01)。⑧合并高血压、糖尿病、超重、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇在不同右冠脉狭窄程度组间明显不同,且高密度脂蛋白胆固醇随着右冠脉狭窄程度加重而降低(P＜0.01)。⑨男性冠心病发病年龄早于女性;青年冠心病组吸烟及有冠心病家族史的比例高于中年冠心病组及老年冠心病组(P＜0.01)。⑩不稳定型心绞痛组的冠脉狭窄程度小于陈旧性心肌梗死组和急性心肌梗死组(P＜0.01)。陈旧性心肌梗死组的Gensini积分最高(P＜0.01)。稳定型心绞痛组最易有弥漫性病变(P＜0.05)。
结论:①在左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉3支血管中,左前降支最易受累。②高龄、男性、合并糖尿病、吸烟、超重的陈旧性心肌梗死患者冠脉狭窄程度一般较严重,多支冠脉病变多见。③高龄、超重及合并糖尿病的稳定型心绞痛患者易有弥漫性病变。④空腹血糖、总胆固醇、脂蛋白(a)和纤维蛋白原水平较高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白A水平较低的冠心病患者冠脉狭窄程度较重,多支冠脉病变及弥漫性血管病变多见。
Objective:
This study is to investigate the relationship between the risk factors of coronary artery disease and the coronary artery lesions.
Methods:
A total of 2513 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed as coronary heart disease (CHD)or without CHD by coronary angiography(2000～2007)were studied retrospectively. The relationship between the risk factors and clinic type of CHD and the characteristic of coronary artery lesions which expressed by severity of coronary artery,Gensini cumulative index,branch number of stenosis coronary artery,diffuse lesions and the lesions of left anterior descending of coronary artery(LAD),left circumflex coronary artery(LCX),right coronary artery(RCA)and left main of coronary artery(LM)was analyzed.
Results:
①Age,systolic blood pressure(SBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),course of diabetes mellitus(DM),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDH),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL),apolipoproteins A(APOA),apolipoproteins B(APOB), lipoprotein(a)(LP(a)),total bilirubin(TBIL)and uric acid(UA)have relationships with CHD(P＜0.01).②There are positive correlations between the degree of coronary artery stenosis and male,regular smoking,overweight,age,FBG,TBIL and indirect bilirubin(IBIL) (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).③There are correlations between male Gensini cumulative index and age,HDL,FBG,body mass index(BMI)and LP(a)(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05):male Gensini cumulative index=-43.419+0.999AGE-25.686HDL+3.137BFS+2.051BMI+0.464 LP(a). There are correlations between female Gensini cumulative index and FBG,total cholesterol (TC),fibrinogen(FIB)and LP(a)(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05):female Gensini cumulative index=-126.860+3.604BFS +7.639FIB+6.984 LP(a)+4.667TC.④DM,hypertension, overweight,age,FBG and FIB are positively correlated with branch number of stenosis coronary artery(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).HDL and APOA are negatively correlated with branch number of stenosis coronary artery(P＜0.01).⑤DM,overweight,age,FBG,APOB,LP(a), DBIL and FIB are positively correlated with diffuse lesions(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).HDL is negatively correlated with diffuse lesions(P＜0.01).⑥The incidence of graveness stenosis of LAD in male is higher than in female.DM,overweight and smoking have relationship with severe lesions of LAD(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).⑦DM,overweight,HDL,FBG and APOA have relationship with lesions of LCX.FBG and overweight are positively correlated with lesions of LCX(P＜0.01).HDL and APOA are negatively correlated with lesions of LCX(P＜0.01).⑧Hypertension,DM,overweight and HDL have relationship with lesions of RCA.HDL is negatively correlated with lesions of RCA(P＜0.01).⑨Male develop CHD earlier than female.Compared with other groups,the rates of smoking and family history of CHD in young-CHD group were higher(P＜0.01).⑩The degree of coronary artery stenosis in unstable angina pectoris group is higher than in old myocardial infarction group and acute myocardial infarction group(P＜0.01).The Gensini cumulative index in old myocardial infarction group is highest(P＜0.01).People with stable angina pectoris are apt got diffuse lesions(P＜0.05).
Conclusion:
①LAD is apt of suffering from lesions than LCX and RCA.②Male patients with great age,DM,BMI≥25kg/m~2 and history of smoking and myocardial infarction are apt of suffering from severe and multivessel lesions.③Patients with great age,DM, BMI≥25kg/m~2 and stable angina pectoris are apt of suffering from diffuse lesions.④Patients with high BFS,TC,LP(a)and FIB and low HDL-C and APOA are apt of suffering from severe,multivessel and diffuse lesions.
引文
1. Choi BG, Vilahur G, Viles-Gonzalez JF, et al. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in atherothrombosis[J]. Mt Sinai J Med. 2006, Jul; 73(4):690-701.
2. Michael H, Crawford. Current diagnosis and treatment in cardiology[J]. Second edition. Peking. 2003:32.
3. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, et al. Statin therapy, LDL cholesterol, C2 Reactive protein, and coronary artery disease[J]. N Engl J Med, 2005, 352(1): 29-38.
4. Bhalodakar NC, Blum S, Rana T, et al. Comparison of levels of large and small high density lipoprotein cholesterol in asian Indianmen compared with Caucasian men in the Framingham off spring study[J]. Am J cardiol 2004, 94(12):1561-1563.
5. Takaishi H, Taniguchi T, Fujioka Y, et al. Impact of increasing diabetes on coronary artery disease in the past decade[J]. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2004, 11(5): 271-277.
6. Ortlepp JR, Schmitz F, Bozoglu T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with aortic stenosis predict prevalence of coronary artery disease but not of aortic stenosis: an angiographic pair matched case control study[J]. Heart, 2003, 89(9):1019-1022.
7. Aizawa Y, Watanabe H, Aizawa Y, et al. Excess accumulation of risk factors in ischemic heart disease[J]. Jpn Heart J, 2004, 45(5):733-738.
8. Abbasi F, Brown BW J r, Lamendola C, et al. Relation between obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002, 40(5):937-943.
9. Zieske AW, McMahan CA, McGill HC Jr, et al. Smoking is associated with advanced coronary atherosclerosis in youth[J]. Atherosclerosis. 2005, 180(1):87-92.
10. Zieske AW, Tracy RP, McMahan CA, et al. Elevated serum C-reactive protein levels and advanced atherosclerosis in youth[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005,25(6):1237-43.
11.黄聪,张政红,曹辉,等.冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠心病危险因素的关系[J].第二军医大学学报,2003,24(9):1034-1036.
12.邢燕,陈红,刘茹辉,等.冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究[J].中国医药导刊,2004,6(3):159-161.
13.郭永和,张维君,周玉杰,等.冠状动脉造影患者心血管病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性分析[J].中华心血管病杂志,2005,33(5):415-418.
14.Chobanian AV,Bakris GL,Black HR,et al.Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Pressure[J].Hypertension,2003,42:1206-1252.
15.Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Care,2003,26(Suppl):S5-S20.
16.Gensini GG.A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease[J].Am J Cardiol,1983;51:606.
17.Marshall RJ,Milne RJ,Lynn R,et al.Quantifying the effect of age on short-term and long-term case fatality in 14 000 patients with incident cases of cardiovascular disease[J].Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil.2008 Apr;15(2):179-84.
18.钱学贤、戴玉华、孔凡宇等主编.现代心血管病学[M],北京,人民军医出版社.1999;850-851.
19.高长征,魏宗德.内皮素-1、一氧化氮与冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究[J].泸州医学院学报.2006,29(6):483-485.
20.Bogren HG,Buonocore MH,Valente RJ.Four-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping of blood flow patterns in the aorta in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease compared to age-matched normal subjects[J].J Magn Reson Imaging,2004;19(4):417-427.
21.Stamler J,Stamler K.Intervention for the prevention and control states and international experience[J].Am J Med,1984,27:13.
22.汪小萍,杜雪萍,段军,等.冠心病患者冠状动脉病变及其相关危险因素[J].临床医学.2007,27(10):57-58.
23.马颖艳,韩雅玲,荆全民,等.老年高血压患者冠状动脉造影2330例结果分析[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2004,3(3):185-187.
24.Chrysohoou C,Pitsavos C,Panagiotakos DB,et al.Association between prehypertension status and inflammatory markers related to atherosclerotic disease:The ATTICA Study[J].AmJ Hypertens,2004;17(7):568-573.
25.Leshchinskii LA,Mul'tanovskii BL,Ponomarev SB,et al.Arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease:clinical and functional aspects[J].Klin Med(Mosk),2005;83(6):33-37.
26.Chizynski K.Coronary risk factors and mode of ischemic heart disease treatment inpatients over 65 years ofae[J].Przegl Lek,2003,60(7):451-455.
27.Britten MB,Zeiher AM,Schachinger V.Effects of cardiovascular risk factors on coronary artery remodeling in patiens with mild atherosclerosis[J].Coron Artery Dis,2003;14(6):415-422.
28.Fabbian F,Martino F,Cacici G,et al.Diabetes and atherosclerotic coronary damage in uremia[J]..G Ital Nefrol.2004 Jan-Feb;21(1):40-4.
29.Tütün U,Cicekcioglu F,Budak B,et al.Coronary atherosclerosis distribution and the effect of blood glucose level on operative mortality/morbidity in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery:a single center experience[J].Anadolu Kardiyol Derg.2007 Jun;7(2):158-63.
30.Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Care,2003,26:S5-20.
31.Ceriello A,Davidson J,Hanefeld M,et al.Postprandial hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular complications of diabetes:an update[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2006,16:453-456.
32.Gerlies B,Chiara DM,Marco C,et al.Pathogenesis of pre-diabetes.Mechanisms of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with impaired fasting glucose and / or impaired glucose tolerance[J].Diabetes,2006,55:3536-3549.
33.徐军霞,林金秀,苏津自.急性糖负荷对高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响[J].高血压杂志,2004,12:110-112.
34.Ryden L,Standl E,Bartnik M,et al.Guidelines on diabetes,pre-diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases:executive summary.The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes(EASD)[J].Eur Heart J.2007 Jan;28(1):88-136.
35.李青山,周振宇,龚洪涛,等.年轻人急性心肌梗死的临床特点[J].青岛大学医学院学报.2004,40(1):78-79.
36.Ortlepp JR,Schmitz F,Bozoglu T,et al.Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with aortic stenosis predict prevalence of coronary artery disease but not of aortic stenosis:an angiographic pair matched case control study[J].Heart,2003,89(9):1019-1022.
37.陆丕能,孙宁玲,陆望,等,吸烟量与冠心病关系的病例对照研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2002,23(4):297-300.
38.Hung J,Lam JY,Lacoste L,et al.Cigarette smoking acutely increase platelet thrombus formation in patients with coronary arterial disease taking aspirin[J].Circulation.1995;92(9):2432-2436.
39.Cavusoglu Y,Timuralp B,Us T,et al.Cigrette smoking increases plasma concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with coronary artery disease[J].Angiology,2004;55(4):397-402.
40.Arigliano pl,Fay Rl.Smoking is associated with reduced serum paraoxonase activity and concentration in patients with Coronary Artery Disease[J].Circulation.2000;101:2252-2257.
41.Carevic V,Rumboldt M,Rumboldt Z,et al.Coronary heart disease risk factors in Croatia and worldwide:results of the Interheart study[J].Acta Med Croatica.2007 Jun;61(3):299-306.
42.Domanski MJ.Jablonski KA,Rice MM,et al.Obesity and cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary disease[J].Eur Heart J 2006;27(12):1416-1422.
43.刘东霞,华琦,郭金成,等.中青年与老年急性心肌梗死患者危险因素的调查与分析[J].中国综合临床.2006,22(11):979-981.
44.朱建国,杨新春,王树岩,等.体力活动和体质量指数与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者心血管事件的关系[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复.2007,11(39):7799-7802.
45.Yudkin JS,Stehouwer CD,Emeis JJ,et al.Creactive protein in healthy subjects:associations with obesity,insuiln resistance,and endothelial dsyfunction:a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue[J]? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,1999,19:972-978.
46.YusufS,Hawken S,Ounpuu S,et al.Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27 000 participants from 52 countries:a case-contrel study[J].Lancet 2005;366(9497):1640-1649.
47.Janssen I,Katzmarzyk PT,Ross R.Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk[J].Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(3):379-384.
48.Kawano H,Soejima H,Kojima S,et al.Sex differences of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Japanese patients[J].Circ J.2006 May;70(5):513-7.
49.Cleeman JI.Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on dection,evaluation,and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults(Adult treatment Panel Ⅲ)[J].JAMA,2001,285(19):2486-2497.
50.Haim M,Benderly,Beunner D,et al.Elevated serum triglycerides levels and long-time mortality in the coronary heart disease:The Bezafigrate Infarction Prevention(BIP)registry[J].Circ,1999,100:475-482.
51.Coughlan B J,Sorrentio MJ.Dose hypertentriglyceridemia increase the risk of CAD[J]? Post Gradual Med,2001,108:77-84.
52.McGill DA,Tasma P,Ardlie NG.Relationship of blood cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels to angiographically definedcoronary artery disease in young male[J].Coronary Artery Dis.1993;4(3):261-226.
53.Gartagnin A,Devoto G.Relationship between HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein and severity of coronary artery disease[J].Eur Heart J,1995,16:456.
54.何全,马康华,雷寒.冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究[J].重庆医学,2002,31(11):1050-1052.
55.帅锋利,夏忠艳,李刚,等.纤维蛋白原、脂蛋白a、尿酸与冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究[J].四川医学.2006,27(8):809-811.
56.Craig WY,Neveux LM,Palomaki GE,et al.Lp(a)as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease:meta malysis of prospective studies[J].Clin Chem,1998,44(11):2301-2307.
57.孙雪岩,齐国先,于波,等.血脂与冠状动脉病变的关系[J].中国循环杂志,2003,18(6):424.
58.陈满新,任江华,曹茂银.血尿酸与冠心病的相关分析[J].心脏杂志.2006,18(3):334-336.
59.杨玉霞,杨丽霞,齐峰,等.冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠脉病变的相关性研究[J].中国心血管病研究杂志,2006,4(7):506-508.
60.汤涌,黄进,陆治平,等.冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇状况分析[J].实用全科医学,2006,4(4):386-387.
61.Steinberg D,Parthasarathy S.Beyond cholesterol:modification of low-density lipoprotein that in crease its atheragenicity[J].New England J Med.1989;320:915-920.
62.Gotto AM Jr,Brinton EA.Assessing low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor in coronary heart disease:a working group report and update[J].JAM Coll Cardiol,2004,43(5):717-724.
63.Duffy D,Rader DJ.Emerging therapies targeting high-density lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport[J].Circulation,2006,113(8):1140-1150.
64.Toth PP,Davidson MH.Therapeutic interventions targeted at the augmentation of reverse cholesterol transport[J].Curr Opin Cardiol,2004,19(4):374-379.
65.Shaul PW,Mineo C.HDL action on the vascularwall:is the answer NO[J]?.J Clin Invest,2004,113(4):509-513.
66.Navab M,Ananthramaiah GM,Reddy ST,et al.The oxidation hypothesis of atherogenesis:the role of oxidized phospholipids and HDL[J].J Lipid Res,2004,45(6):993-1007.
67.Reaven GM,Chen YD.Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia individuals with small,dense low density lipoprotein particles[J].J Clin Invest.1993;92:141-146.
68.Scott M,Grundy.Small LDL,Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and the Metaboilc Syndrome[J].Circulation,1997;95:1-4.
69.Cannon CP,Braunwald E,McCabe CH,et al.Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes[J].N Engl J Med,2004,350:1495-1504.
70.Graham I.What impact will current trial data have on future guideline recommendations[J]? Am J Med,2005,118(Suppl 12A):42-47.
71.Pedersen TR,Faergeman O,Kastelein JJ,et al.High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction:the IDEAL study:a randomized controlled trial[J].JAMA,2005,294:2437-2445.
72.Lee JD.Momssey JR,Mikhailidis DP,et al.CARDS on the table:should everybody with type 2 diabetes take a statin[J]? Curr Med Res Opin,2005,21:357-362.
73.Grundy SM,Cleeman JI,Merz CN,et al.Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ guidelines[J].Circulation,2004,110:227-239.
74.Luc G,Bard M,Arveler D,et al.Lipoprotein(a)as a predictor of coronary disease;The PRIME Study[j].Atherosclerosis,2001,163(2):377-384.
75.Seman L G,Deluca C,Jenner J,et al.Lipoprotein(a)-cholesteorl and coronary heart in the Framingham Heart Study[J].Clin Chem,1999,45(7):1039-1046.
76.Lundstam U,Herlitz J,Karlsson T,et al.Serum lipids,lipoprotein(a)level,and apolipoprotein(a)isoforms as prognosic marker in patients with coronary heart disease[J].J In ter Med,2002,251(2):111-118.
77.伦增瑞,季祥武,张建华,等.冠状动脉病变程度与血脂分析[J].中外健康文摘.2007,4(10):5-11.
78.Lamarche B,Tchemof A.Small,dense low-density lipoprotein particles as predictors of the risk of ischemic heart disease in men,prospective results from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study[J].Circulation 1997;94:69-75.
79.周细龙,杨人勋,梅琦,等.载脂蛋白与动脉硬化[J].心血管病学进展.1991:3:152-154.
80.王聪霞.冠心病血清载脂蛋白与组织型纤溶原激活剂及其抑制物的相关性[J],中国循环杂志.1997;12(1):20.
81.Havel RJ,Rapaport E.Management of primary hyperlipidemia[J].N England j Med.1995;332:1491-1494.
82.Erikssen M,Egberg N,Wamala S,et al.Relationship between plasma fibrinogen and coronary heart disease in women[J].Atherioscler Thromb Vase Biol,1999,19(1):67-72.
83.Goracy I,Goracy J,Brykczynski M.Fibrinogen(Fb)concentrations in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary angiography[J].Pol Arch Med Wewn,2001,106:551-556.
84.Balagopal P,Sweeten S,Mauras N.Increased synthesis rate of fibrinogen as a basis for its elevated plasma levels in obese female adolescents[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2002,282(4):E889-E904.
85.Goracy I,Goracy J,Brykczynskl M.Fibrinogen(Fib)concentrations in patients with ischaemic heart disease undergoning coronary angiopraphy[J].Pol Arch Med Wewn,2001,106(1):551-556.
86.Kawasaki T,Kaida T,Amout J,et al.A new animal model of thrombophilia confirms that high plasma factor Ⅷ levels are thrombogenic[J].Thromb Haemost,1999,81(2):306-311.
87.Hamsten A.The hemostatic system and coronary heart disease[J].Thromb Res,1993,70(1):1-38.
88.王雪青,刘乃奎,董林旺,等.纤维蛋白原在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,1997,13(3):270.
89.Schwertner HA,Jackson WG,Tolan G.Association of low serum concentration of bilirubin with increased risk of coronary artery disease[J].Clin Chem,1994:40(1)18-23.
90.Harvey A,Schwertner,Joseph R,et al.Comparison of various lipid,lipoproterin,and bilirubin combinations as risk factors for predicting coronary disease[J].Atherosclerosis,2000;150(2):381-387.
91.Gullu H,Erdogan D,Tok D,et al.High serum bilirubin concentrations preserve coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions[J].Arteriosclerosis thrombosis and vascular biology,2005,25(11):2289-2294.
92.Breimer L H,Wannamethee G,Ebrahim S,et al.Serum bilirubin and risk of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged British men[J].Clin Chem,1995,41(10):1504-1508.
93.Hunt SC,Kronenberg F,Eckfeldt JH,et al.Association of plasma bilirubin with coronary heart disease and segregation of bilirubin as a major gene trait[J].Atherosclerosis,2001,154(3):747-754.
94.王蓓芸,孙宜萍,杭靖宇,等.T2DM冠脉病变与胆红素、血脂及尿酸水平的关系[J].实用老年医学.2005,19(1):18-21.
95.王丽辉,王艳丽.冠状动脉病变程度与血清总胆红素和尿酸的相关性分析[J].中国心血管病研究杂志.2005,3(5):366-367.
96.赵健,刘平,赵艳芳.老年冠心病患者血清胆红素水平的变化[J].实用医学杂志.2007,23(19):3028-3029.
97.兰燕平,蔡天志.血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系[J].西安交通大学学报(医学版).2006,27(5):468-470.
98.Zhao B,Zhang Y,Lin B,et al.Endothelial cells injured by oxidized low density lipoproterin[J].Am J Hematol,1995:49:250-252.
99.Mayer M.Association of serum bilirubin concertration with risk of coronary arters disease[J],Clin,Chem,2000,46,1723-1727.
100.Anand SS,Islam S,Rosengren A,et al.Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men:insights from the INTERHEART study[J].Eur Heart J.2008 Apr;29(7):932-940.
101.沈卫峰.美国2007年心脏病和脑卒中的统计结果概述[M].见:胡大一,马长生主编.心脏病学实践2007-新进展与临床案例.第1版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2007.19-26.
102.王翼凤,张玉平,安琴,等.选择性冠脉造影及冠脉内介入治疗80例临床分析[J].中华临床医学研究杂志.2005,11(12):1668-1669.
103.蔡坚,张向阳.年龄和性别与冠状动脉钙化、狭窄的相关性分析[J].新疆医科大学学报.2006,29(1):21-23.
104.Sozzi FB,Danzi GB,Foco L,et al.Myocardial infarction in the young:a sex-based comparison[J].Coron Artery Dis.2007 Sep;18(6):429-31.
105.Anand SS,Islam S,Rosengren A,et al.Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men:insights from the INTERHEART study[J].Eur Heart J.2008 Apr;29(7):932-940.
106.Ong KL,Tso AW,Lam KS,et al.Gender difference in blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk factors in Americans with diagnosed hypertension[J].Hypertension.2008 Apr;51(4):1142-8.
107. Imazio M, Bobbio M,Bergerone S,et al. Clinical an epidemiologicl characteristics of juvenile myocardial infarction[J]. G Ital cardial, 1998, 28:505-515.
108. Grech E D. Family history as an independent reisk factor of coronary artery disease[J]. Eur Heart J, 1992, 13:1311 -1315.
109. Cicuzzi M, Schargrodsky H, Rozlosnik J, et al. Frequency of family history of acute myocardial infarction. Argentine FRICAS(Fatores de Riesgo Coronario en America del Sur)Investigation[J].Am Cardiol, 1997, 80: 122-127.
110. Krishaswami S, Joseph G. Lack of correlation between coronary risk factor and CAD severity[J], Int J Cardiol, 1994, 47(1):372.
111. Alderman M. Uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular disease[J]. Can J Cardiol, 1999, 15(Suppl F):20.
112. Puddu PE, Latin M, Montti A, et al. Serum uric acid for short-term prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence in the Gubbio study[J]. Act Cardiol, 2001,56 (4) :243.
113. Bickle C, Ruprecht HJ, Blenkenberg S, et al. Serum uric acid as an independent predictor of mortality inpatients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease[J]. Am J Cardiol, 2002, 89 (1) :12-17.
114. Bruce F, Culleton MD, Martin G, et al. Serum Uric acid and Risk for cardiovascular Disease and Death: The Framingham Heart study[J]. Ann Intern Med. 1999,131:7-13.
115. Brand FN, Mcgee DL, Kannel WB, et al. Hyperuricemia as a risk factor of coronary heart disease: The framingham study[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 1985, 121(1): 11-18.
116. Bonora E, Targher G, Zenere MB, et al. Relationship of uric acid concentration to cardiovascular risk factors in young men. Role of obesity and central fat distribution. The verona young men atherosclerosis risk factors study[J]. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 1996, 20(11): 975-980.
117. Rathmann W, Funlchouser E, Dyer AR, et al. Relations of hyperuricemia with the various components of the insulin resistance syndrome in young black and white adults:the CARDIA study.coronary artery risk development in young adults[J].Ann Epidemiol,1998,8(4):250-261.
118.Puddu PE,Lanti M,Menotti A,et al.Serum uric acid for short-term prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence in the gubbio population study[J].Acta Cardiol,2001,56(4):234-251.
119.Culletoa BF,Larson MG,Kannel WB,et al.Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death:the framingham heart study[J].Ann Intem Med,1999,131(1):7-13.
120.Lee J,Sparrow D,Vokonas PS,et al.Uric acid and coronary heart disease risk:evidence for arol of uric acid in the obecrey insulin resistance syndrome.The normative age study[J].Am J Epidemiol,1995,142(3):288-294.
121.高洁,高俊霞,孙永乐,等.血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性探讨[J].山东医药.2007,47(31):32-34.
122.Lennart H,Alberto Z,Canuthers SG,et al.Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension:principalresults of the hypertension optimal treatment(HOT)randomized trial[J].Lancet,1998,351(6):1775.
123.Wilbert S.Usefulness of serum creatinine as a marker for coronary evens in elderly patients with either systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus[J].Am J Cordiol,1991,68(9):678-679.
124.Cross CM,Kramer J,Waigand J,et al.Relation beween arteriosclerosis in the coronary and renal arteries[J].Am J Cardiol,1997,80:1478-1481.
125.Brand FN,Mcgee DL,Kannol WB,et al.Hyperuricmia as a risk of coronary heart disease:the framingham study[J].Am J Epidemiol,1985,121:11.
126.Valika AA,Pica M,Goldstein J.Normal coronary arteries are rare in young patients with acute myocardial infarction.Catheter Cardiovasc Interv[J].2007 Nov 1;70(5):683-90.
127.Sarkar PD,T M S,Madhusudhan B.Association between paraoxonase activity and lipid levels in patients with premature coronary artery disease[J].Clin Chim Acta.2006 Nov;373(1-2):77-81.
128.郑鹏翔,华尔铨,张书富,等.稳定型心绞痛,不稳定心绞痛,急性心肌梗死的冠脉造影特点.中国医药指南.2005,3(5):490-492.
129.Cianflone D,Ciccirillb F,Buffon A,et al.Comparison of coronary angiographic narrowing in stable angina pectoris,unstable angina pectoris and in acute myocardial infarction.Am J cordial,1995;76:215.
2. Michael H, Crawford. Current diagnosis and treatment in cardiology[J]. Second edition. Peking. 2003:32.
3. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, et al. Statin therapy, LDL cholesterol, C2 Reactive protein, and coronary artery disease[J]. N Engl J Med, 2005, 352(1): 29-38.
4. Bhalodakar NC, Blum S, Rana T, et al. Comparison of levels of large and small high density lipoprotein cholesterol in asian Indianmen compared with Caucasian men in the Framingham off spring study[J]. Am J cardiol 2004, 94(12):1561-1563.
5. Takaishi H, Taniguchi T, Fujioka Y, et al. Impact of increasing diabetes on coronary artery disease in the past decade[J]. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2004, 11(5): 271-277.
6. Ortlepp JR, Schmitz F, Bozoglu T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with aortic stenosis predict prevalence of coronary artery disease but not of aortic stenosis: an angiographic pair matched case control study[J]. Heart, 2003, 89(9):1019-1022.
7. Aizawa Y, Watanabe H, Aizawa Y, et al. Excess accumulation of risk factors in ischemic heart disease[J]. Jpn Heart J, 2004, 45(5):733-738.
8. Abbasi F, Brown BW J r, Lamendola C, et al. Relation between obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002, 40(5):937-943.
9. Zieske AW, McMahan CA, McGill HC Jr, et al. Smoking is associated with advanced coronary atherosclerosis in youth[J]. Atherosclerosis. 2005, 180(1):87-92.
10. Zieske AW, Tracy RP, McMahan CA, et al. Elevated serum C-reactive protein levels and advanced atherosclerosis in youth[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005,25(6):1237-43.
11.黄聪,张政红,曹辉,等.冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠心病危险因素的关系[J].第二军医大学学报,2003,24(9):1034-1036.
12.邢燕,陈红,刘茹辉,等.冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究[J].中国医药导刊,2004,6(3):159-161.
13.郭永和,张维君,周玉杰,等.冠状动脉造影患者心血管病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性分析[J].中华心血管病杂志,2005,33(5):415-418.
14.Chobanian AV,Bakris GL,Black HR,et al.Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Pressure[J].Hypertension,2003,42:1206-1252.
15.Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Care,2003,26(Suppl):S5-S20.
16.Gensini GG.A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease[J].Am J Cardiol,1983;51:606.
17.Marshall RJ,Milne RJ,Lynn R,et al.Quantifying the effect of age on short-term and long-term case fatality in 14 000 patients with incident cases of cardiovascular disease[J].Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil.2008 Apr;15(2):179-84.
18.钱学贤、戴玉华、孔凡宇等主编.现代心血管病学[M],北京,人民军医出版社.1999;850-851.
19.高长征,魏宗德.内皮素-1、一氧化氮与冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究[J].泸州医学院学报.2006,29(6):483-485.
20.Bogren HG,Buonocore MH,Valente RJ.Four-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping of blood flow patterns in the aorta in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease compared to age-matched normal subjects[J].J Magn Reson Imaging,2004;19(4):417-427.
21.Stamler J,Stamler K.Intervention for the prevention and control states and international experience[J].Am J Med,1984,27:13.
22.汪小萍,杜雪萍,段军,等.冠心病患者冠状动脉病变及其相关危险因素[J].临床医学.2007,27(10):57-58.
23.马颖艳,韩雅玲,荆全民,等.老年高血压患者冠状动脉造影2330例结果分析[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2004,3(3):185-187.
24.Chrysohoou C,Pitsavos C,Panagiotakos DB,et al.Association between prehypertension status and inflammatory markers related to atherosclerotic disease:The ATTICA Study[J].AmJ Hypertens,2004;17(7):568-573.
25.Leshchinskii LA,Mul'tanovskii BL,Ponomarev SB,et al.Arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease:clinical and functional aspects[J].Klin Med(Mosk),2005;83(6):33-37.
26.Chizynski K.Coronary risk factors and mode of ischemic heart disease treatment inpatients over 65 years ofae[J].Przegl Lek,2003,60(7):451-455.
27.Britten MB,Zeiher AM,Schachinger V.Effects of cardiovascular risk factors on coronary artery remodeling in patiens with mild atherosclerosis[J].Coron Artery Dis,2003;14(6):415-422.
28.Fabbian F,Martino F,Cacici G,et al.Diabetes and atherosclerotic coronary damage in uremia[J]..G Ital Nefrol.2004 Jan-Feb;21(1):40-4.
29.Tütün U,Cicekcioglu F,Budak B,et al.Coronary atherosclerosis distribution and the effect of blood glucose level on operative mortality/morbidity in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery:a single center experience[J].Anadolu Kardiyol Derg.2007 Jun;7(2):158-63.
30.Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Care,2003,26:S5-20.
31.Ceriello A,Davidson J,Hanefeld M,et al.Postprandial hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular complications of diabetes:an update[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2006,16:453-456.
32.Gerlies B,Chiara DM,Marco C,et al.Pathogenesis of pre-diabetes.Mechanisms of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with impaired fasting glucose and / or impaired glucose tolerance[J].Diabetes,2006,55:3536-3549.
33.徐军霞,林金秀,苏津自.急性糖负荷对高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响[J].高血压杂志,2004,12:110-112.
34.Ryden L,Standl E,Bartnik M,et al.Guidelines on diabetes,pre-diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases:executive summary.The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes(EASD)[J].Eur Heart J.2007 Jan;28(1):88-136.
35.李青山,周振宇,龚洪涛,等.年轻人急性心肌梗死的临床特点[J].青岛大学医学院学报.2004,40(1):78-79.
36.Ortlepp JR,Schmitz F,Bozoglu T,et al.Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with aortic stenosis predict prevalence of coronary artery disease but not of aortic stenosis:an angiographic pair matched case control study[J].Heart,2003,89(9):1019-1022.
37.陆丕能,孙宁玲,陆望,等,吸烟量与冠心病关系的病例对照研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2002,23(4):297-300.
38.Hung J,Lam JY,Lacoste L,et al.Cigarette smoking acutely increase platelet thrombus formation in patients with coronary arterial disease taking aspirin[J].Circulation.1995;92(9):2432-2436.
39.Cavusoglu Y,Timuralp B,Us T,et al.Cigrette smoking increases plasma concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with coronary artery disease[J].Angiology,2004;55(4):397-402.
40.Arigliano pl,Fay Rl.Smoking is associated with reduced serum paraoxonase activity and concentration in patients with Coronary Artery Disease[J].Circulation.2000;101:2252-2257.
41.Carevic V,Rumboldt M,Rumboldt Z,et al.Coronary heart disease risk factors in Croatia and worldwide:results of the Interheart study[J].Acta Med Croatica.2007 Jun;61(3):299-306.
42.Domanski MJ.Jablonski KA,Rice MM,et al.Obesity and cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary disease[J].Eur Heart J 2006;27(12):1416-1422.
43.刘东霞,华琦,郭金成,等.中青年与老年急性心肌梗死患者危险因素的调查与分析[J].中国综合临床.2006,22(11):979-981.
44.朱建国,杨新春,王树岩,等.体力活动和体质量指数与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者心血管事件的关系[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复.2007,11(39):7799-7802.
45.Yudkin JS,Stehouwer CD,Emeis JJ,et al.Creactive protein in healthy subjects:associations with obesity,insuiln resistance,and endothelial dsyfunction:a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue[J]? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,1999,19:972-978.
46.YusufS,Hawken S,Ounpuu S,et al.Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27 000 participants from 52 countries:a case-contrel study[J].Lancet 2005;366(9497):1640-1649.
47.Janssen I,Katzmarzyk PT,Ross R.Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk[J].Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(3):379-384.
48.Kawano H,Soejima H,Kojima S,et al.Sex differences of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Japanese patients[J].Circ J.2006 May;70(5):513-7.
49.Cleeman JI.Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on dection,evaluation,and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults(Adult treatment Panel Ⅲ)[J].JAMA,2001,285(19):2486-2497.
50.Haim M,Benderly,Beunner D,et al.Elevated serum triglycerides levels and long-time mortality in the coronary heart disease:The Bezafigrate Infarction Prevention(BIP)registry[J].Circ,1999,100:475-482.
51.Coughlan B J,Sorrentio MJ.Dose hypertentriglyceridemia increase the risk of CAD[J]? Post Gradual Med,2001,108:77-84.
52.McGill DA,Tasma P,Ardlie NG.Relationship of blood cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels to angiographically definedcoronary artery disease in young male[J].Coronary Artery Dis.1993;4(3):261-226.
53.Gartagnin A,Devoto G.Relationship between HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein and severity of coronary artery disease[J].Eur Heart J,1995,16:456.
54.何全,马康华,雷寒.冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究[J].重庆医学,2002,31(11):1050-1052.
55.帅锋利,夏忠艳,李刚,等.纤维蛋白原、脂蛋白a、尿酸与冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究[J].四川医学.2006,27(8):809-811.
56.Craig WY,Neveux LM,Palomaki GE,et al.Lp(a)as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease:meta malysis of prospective studies[J].Clin Chem,1998,44(11):2301-2307.
57.孙雪岩,齐国先,于波,等.血脂与冠状动脉病变的关系[J].中国循环杂志,2003,18(6):424.
58.陈满新,任江华,曹茂银.血尿酸与冠心病的相关分析[J].心脏杂志.2006,18(3):334-336.
59.杨玉霞,杨丽霞,齐峰,等.冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠脉病变的相关性研究[J].中国心血管病研究杂志,2006,4(7):506-508.
60.汤涌,黄进,陆治平,等.冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇状况分析[J].实用全科医学,2006,4(4):386-387.
61.Steinberg D,Parthasarathy S.Beyond cholesterol:modification of low-density lipoprotein that in crease its atheragenicity[J].New England J Med.1989;320:915-920.
62.Gotto AM Jr,Brinton EA.Assessing low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor in coronary heart disease:a working group report and update[J].JAM Coll Cardiol,2004,43(5):717-724.
63.Duffy D,Rader DJ.Emerging therapies targeting high-density lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport[J].Circulation,2006,113(8):1140-1150.
64.Toth PP,Davidson MH.Therapeutic interventions targeted at the augmentation of reverse cholesterol transport[J].Curr Opin Cardiol,2004,19(4):374-379.
65.Shaul PW,Mineo C.HDL action on the vascularwall:is the answer NO[J]?.J Clin Invest,2004,113(4):509-513.
66.Navab M,Ananthramaiah GM,Reddy ST,et al.The oxidation hypothesis of atherogenesis:the role of oxidized phospholipids and HDL[J].J Lipid Res,2004,45(6):993-1007.
67.Reaven GM,Chen YD.Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia individuals with small,dense low density lipoprotein particles[J].J Clin Invest.1993;92:141-146.
68.Scott M,Grundy.Small LDL,Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and the Metaboilc Syndrome[J].Circulation,1997;95:1-4.
69.Cannon CP,Braunwald E,McCabe CH,et al.Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes[J].N Engl J Med,2004,350:1495-1504.
70.Graham I.What impact will current trial data have on future guideline recommendations[J]? Am J Med,2005,118(Suppl 12A):42-47.
71.Pedersen TR,Faergeman O,Kastelein JJ,et al.High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction:the IDEAL study:a randomized controlled trial[J].JAMA,2005,294:2437-2445.
72.Lee JD.Momssey JR,Mikhailidis DP,et al.CARDS on the table:should everybody with type 2 diabetes take a statin[J]? Curr Med Res Opin,2005,21:357-362.
73.Grundy SM,Cleeman JI,Merz CN,et al.Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ guidelines[J].Circulation,2004,110:227-239.
74.Luc G,Bard M,Arveler D,et al.Lipoprotein(a)as a predictor of coronary disease;The PRIME Study[j].Atherosclerosis,2001,163(2):377-384.
75.Seman L G,Deluca C,Jenner J,et al.Lipoprotein(a)-cholesteorl and coronary heart in the Framingham Heart Study[J].Clin Chem,1999,45(7):1039-1046.
76.Lundstam U,Herlitz J,Karlsson T,et al.Serum lipids,lipoprotein(a)level,and apolipoprotein(a)isoforms as prognosic marker in patients with coronary heart disease[J].J In ter Med,2002,251(2):111-118.
77.伦增瑞,季祥武,张建华,等.冠状动脉病变程度与血脂分析[J].中外健康文摘.2007,4(10):5-11.
78.Lamarche B,Tchemof A.Small,dense low-density lipoprotein particles as predictors of the risk of ischemic heart disease in men,prospective results from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study[J].Circulation 1997;94:69-75.
79.周细龙,杨人勋,梅琦,等.载脂蛋白与动脉硬化[J].心血管病学进展.1991:3:152-154.
80.王聪霞.冠心病血清载脂蛋白与组织型纤溶原激活剂及其抑制物的相关性[J],中国循环杂志.1997;12(1):20.
81.Havel RJ,Rapaport E.Management of primary hyperlipidemia[J].N England j Med.1995;332:1491-1494.
82.Erikssen M,Egberg N,Wamala S,et al.Relationship between plasma fibrinogen and coronary heart disease in women[J].Atherioscler Thromb Vase Biol,1999,19(1):67-72.
83.Goracy I,Goracy J,Brykczynski M.Fibrinogen(Fb)concentrations in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary angiography[J].Pol Arch Med Wewn,2001,106:551-556.
84.Balagopal P,Sweeten S,Mauras N.Increased synthesis rate of fibrinogen as a basis for its elevated plasma levels in obese female adolescents[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2002,282(4):E889-E904.
85.Goracy I,Goracy J,Brykczynskl M.Fibrinogen(Fib)concentrations in patients with ischaemic heart disease undergoning coronary angiopraphy[J].Pol Arch Med Wewn,2001,106(1):551-556.
86.Kawasaki T,Kaida T,Amout J,et al.A new animal model of thrombophilia confirms that high plasma factor Ⅷ levels are thrombogenic[J].Thromb Haemost,1999,81(2):306-311.
87.Hamsten A.The hemostatic system and coronary heart disease[J].Thromb Res,1993,70(1):1-38.
88.王雪青,刘乃奎,董林旺,等.纤维蛋白原在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,1997,13(3):270.
89.Schwertner HA,Jackson WG,Tolan G.Association of low serum concentration of bilirubin with increased risk of coronary artery disease[J].Clin Chem,1994:40(1)18-23.
90.Harvey A,Schwertner,Joseph R,et al.Comparison of various lipid,lipoproterin,and bilirubin combinations as risk factors for predicting coronary disease[J].Atherosclerosis,2000;150(2):381-387.
91.Gullu H,Erdogan D,Tok D,et al.High serum bilirubin concentrations preserve coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions[J].Arteriosclerosis thrombosis and vascular biology,2005,25(11):2289-2294.
92.Breimer L H,Wannamethee G,Ebrahim S,et al.Serum bilirubin and risk of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged British men[J].Clin Chem,1995,41(10):1504-1508.
93.Hunt SC,Kronenberg F,Eckfeldt JH,et al.Association of plasma bilirubin with coronary heart disease and segregation of bilirubin as a major gene trait[J].Atherosclerosis,2001,154(3):747-754.
94.王蓓芸,孙宜萍,杭靖宇,等.T2DM冠脉病变与胆红素、血脂及尿酸水平的关系[J].实用老年医学.2005,19(1):18-21.
95.王丽辉,王艳丽.冠状动脉病变程度与血清总胆红素和尿酸的相关性分析[J].中国心血管病研究杂志.2005,3(5):366-367.
96.赵健,刘平,赵艳芳.老年冠心病患者血清胆红素水平的变化[J].实用医学杂志.2007,23(19):3028-3029.
97.兰燕平,蔡天志.血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系[J].西安交通大学学报(医学版).2006,27(5):468-470.
98.Zhao B,Zhang Y,Lin B,et al.Endothelial cells injured by oxidized low density lipoproterin[J].Am J Hematol,1995:49:250-252.
99.Mayer M.Association of serum bilirubin concertration with risk of coronary arters disease[J],Clin,Chem,2000,46,1723-1727.
100.Anand SS,Islam S,Rosengren A,et al.Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men:insights from the INTERHEART study[J].Eur Heart J.2008 Apr;29(7):932-940.
101.沈卫峰.美国2007年心脏病和脑卒中的统计结果概述[M].见:胡大一,马长生主编.心脏病学实践2007-新进展与临床案例.第1版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2007.19-26.
102.王翼凤,张玉平,安琴,等.选择性冠脉造影及冠脉内介入治疗80例临床分析[J].中华临床医学研究杂志.2005,11(12):1668-1669.
103.蔡坚,张向阳.年龄和性别与冠状动脉钙化、狭窄的相关性分析[J].新疆医科大学学报.2006,29(1):21-23.
104.Sozzi FB,Danzi GB,Foco L,et al.Myocardial infarction in the young:a sex-based comparison[J].Coron Artery Dis.2007 Sep;18(6):429-31.
105.Anand SS,Islam S,Rosengren A,et al.Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men:insights from the INTERHEART study[J].Eur Heart J.2008 Apr;29(7):932-940.
106.Ong KL,Tso AW,Lam KS,et al.Gender difference in blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk factors in Americans with diagnosed hypertension[J].Hypertension.2008 Apr;51(4):1142-8.
107. Imazio M, Bobbio M,Bergerone S,et al. Clinical an epidemiologicl characteristics of juvenile myocardial infarction[J]. G Ital cardial, 1998, 28:505-515.
108. Grech E D. Family history as an independent reisk factor of coronary artery disease[J]. Eur Heart J, 1992, 13:1311 -1315.
109. Cicuzzi M, Schargrodsky H, Rozlosnik J, et al. Frequency of family history of acute myocardial infarction. Argentine FRICAS(Fatores de Riesgo Coronario en America del Sur)Investigation[J].Am Cardiol, 1997, 80: 122-127.
110. Krishaswami S, Joseph G. Lack of correlation between coronary risk factor and CAD severity[J], Int J Cardiol, 1994, 47(1):372.
111. Alderman M. Uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular disease[J]. Can J Cardiol, 1999, 15(Suppl F):20.
112. Puddu PE, Latin M, Montti A, et al. Serum uric acid for short-term prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence in the Gubbio study[J]. Act Cardiol, 2001,56 (4) :243.
113. Bickle C, Ruprecht HJ, Blenkenberg S, et al. Serum uric acid as an independent predictor of mortality inpatients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease[J]. Am J Cardiol, 2002, 89 (1) :12-17.
114. Bruce F, Culleton MD, Martin G, et al. Serum Uric acid and Risk for cardiovascular Disease and Death: The Framingham Heart study[J]. Ann Intern Med. 1999,131:7-13.
115. Brand FN, Mcgee DL, Kannel WB, et al. Hyperuricemia as a risk factor of coronary heart disease: The framingham study[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 1985, 121(1): 11-18.
116. Bonora E, Targher G, Zenere MB, et al. Relationship of uric acid concentration to cardiovascular risk factors in young men. Role of obesity and central fat distribution. The verona young men atherosclerosis risk factors study[J]. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 1996, 20(11): 975-980.
117. Rathmann W, Funlchouser E, Dyer AR, et al. Relations of hyperuricemia with the various components of the insulin resistance syndrome in young black and white adults:the CARDIA study.coronary artery risk development in young adults[J].Ann Epidemiol,1998,8(4):250-261.
118.Puddu PE,Lanti M,Menotti A,et al.Serum uric acid for short-term prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence in the gubbio population study[J].Acta Cardiol,2001,56(4):234-251.
119.Culletoa BF,Larson MG,Kannel WB,et al.Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death:the framingham heart study[J].Ann Intem Med,1999,131(1):7-13.
120.Lee J,Sparrow D,Vokonas PS,et al.Uric acid and coronary heart disease risk:evidence for arol of uric acid in the obecrey insulin resistance syndrome.The normative age study[J].Am J Epidemiol,1995,142(3):288-294.
121.高洁,高俊霞,孙永乐,等.血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性探讨[J].山东医药.2007,47(31):32-34.
122.Lennart H,Alberto Z,Canuthers SG,et al.Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension:principalresults of the hypertension optimal treatment(HOT)randomized trial[J].Lancet,1998,351(6):1775.
123.Wilbert S.Usefulness of serum creatinine as a marker for coronary evens in elderly patients with either systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus[J].Am J Cordiol,1991,68(9):678-679.
124.Cross CM,Kramer J,Waigand J,et al.Relation beween arteriosclerosis in the coronary and renal arteries[J].Am J Cardiol,1997,80:1478-1481.
125.Brand FN,Mcgee DL,Kannol WB,et al.Hyperuricmia as a risk of coronary heart disease:the framingham study[J].Am J Epidemiol,1985,121:11.
126.Valika AA,Pica M,Goldstein J.Normal coronary arteries are rare in young patients with acute myocardial infarction.Catheter Cardiovasc Interv[J].2007 Nov 1;70(5):683-90.
127.Sarkar PD,T M S,Madhusudhan B.Association between paraoxonase activity and lipid levels in patients with premature coronary artery disease[J].Clin Chim Acta.2006 Nov;373(1-2):77-81.
128.郑鹏翔,华尔铨,张书富,等.稳定型心绞痛,不稳定心绞痛,急性心肌梗死的冠脉造影特点.中国医药指南.2005,3(5):490-492.
129.Cianflone D,Ciccirillb F,Buffon A,et al.Comparison of coronary angiographic narrowing in stable angina pectoris,unstable angina pectoris and in acute myocardial infarction.Am J cordial,1995;76:215.