部分自适应数字波束形成算法及方案研究
摘要
自适应数字波束形成（ADBF）技术的许多优点与潜在能力能够满足现代雷达在灵活性、多功能及日益严峻的电磁辐射环境的要求，因而成为现代雷达的关键技术之一。数字阵列雷达（DAR）也成为雷达发展的热点。
对于大型空－时自适应阵列天线，采用部分自适应技术（PADBF），可以降低阵列自适应算法的复杂性，产生较快的自适应响应，同时也可极大的降低系统硬件成本。
本论文研究工作是在国家阵列雷达预演项目支持下开展的。项目的主要目标是研究收发DBF技术在相控阵天线中的运用，实现收发波束的自适应处理和软件化雷达信号处理，并完成相关技术难点方案论证和信号处理试验样机的研制。本论文主要包括以下4部分内容：
（1） 部分自适应算法研究：对基于广义旁瓣对消结构的PADBF和子阵级PADBF实现方案进行了算法仿真和比较。仿真表明：子阵列PADBF相比全自适应在算法响应和硬件成本上有巨大的潜力。
（2） 子阵级PADBF实现方案讨论：用FPGA实现子阵级PADBF并进行了仿真试验。
（3） 讨论了PCI总线接口技术及使用PCI桥芯片完成PCI接口设计；完成了模拟数据产生源PCI板卡设备驱动程序设计。
（4） 数字雷达试验平台模拟数据产生源的设计和具体硬件实现：完成了基于PCI总线接口和低压差分信号（LVDS）传输线的模拟数据产生源试验。
Adaptive digital beam forming( ADBF) architecture has improved performance in severe clutter and against multiple sources of interference, so it is the key technology of the modern radar system. It is also one of hotspots in the Digital array radar( DAR) area.
Partial adaptive digital beam forming has the potential for improved time-energy management, and reduced life-cycle costs, and reduced complexity of ADBF system, especially in large array antenna used thousands of sensors.
This dissertation was part of the national's array radar project. The primary objective of the program is to evaluate adaptive technology for the DAR. and the prototype system would be developed. And this dissertation mainly includes the following work:
1. The analysis and compare of partial adaptive algorithms in order to choose an optimal algorithm. The results of simulations and analysis are presented, showing that, in practical realization, subarray PADBF technology is necessary,
2. A simple subarray ADBF architecture was considered. Then a subarray beam former was designed using FPGA. And the performance of the subarray beam former was simulated by the development software.
3. discussing the technology of PCI bus interface and using the PCI bridge chip to realize PCI interface. And discussing the device driver program.
4. discussing the design project of the trial system of digital array radar. And discussing the simulation PCI adapter's hardware realization on details. in the design the low voltage differential signaling( LVDS) was designed to transfer data from PCs to the DSP system.
对于大型空－时自适应阵列天线，采用部分自适应技术（PADBF），可以降低阵列自适应算法的复杂性，产生较快的自适应响应，同时也可极大的降低系统硬件成本。
本论文研究工作是在国家阵列雷达预演项目支持下开展的。项目的主要目标是研究收发DBF技术在相控阵天线中的运用，实现收发波束的自适应处理和软件化雷达信号处理，并完成相关技术难点方案论证和信号处理试验样机的研制。本论文主要包括以下4部分内容：
（1） 部分自适应算法研究：对基于广义旁瓣对消结构的PADBF和子阵级PADBF实现方案进行了算法仿真和比较。仿真表明：子阵列PADBF相比全自适应在算法响应和硬件成本上有巨大的潜力。
（2） 子阵级PADBF实现方案讨论：用FPGA实现子阵级PADBF并进行了仿真试验。
（3） 讨论了PCI总线接口技术及使用PCI桥芯片完成PCI接口设计；完成了模拟数据产生源PCI板卡设备驱动程序设计。
（4） 数字雷达试验平台模拟数据产生源的设计和具体硬件实现：完成了基于PCI总线接口和低压差分信号（LVDS）传输线的模拟数据产生源试验。
Adaptive digital beam forming( ADBF) architecture has improved performance in severe clutter and against multiple sources of interference, so it is the key technology of the modern radar system. It is also one of hotspots in the Digital array radar( DAR) area.
Partial adaptive digital beam forming has the potential for improved time-energy management, and reduced life-cycle costs, and reduced complexity of ADBF system, especially in large array antenna used thousands of sensors.
This dissertation was part of the national's array radar project. The primary objective of the program is to evaluate adaptive technology for the DAR. and the prototype system would be developed. And this dissertation mainly includes the following work:
1. The analysis and compare of partial adaptive algorithms in order to choose an optimal algorithm. The results of simulations and analysis are presented, showing that, in practical realization, subarray PADBF technology is necessary,
2. A simple subarray ADBF architecture was considered. Then a subarray beam former was designed using FPGA. And the performance of the subarray beam former was simulated by the development software.
3. discussing the technology of PCI bus interface and using the PCI bridge chip to realize PCI interface. And discussing the device driver program.
4. discussing the design project of the trial system of digital array radar. And discussing the simulation PCI adapter's hardware realization on details. in the design the low voltage differential signaling( LVDS) was designed to transfer data from PCs to the DSP system.
引文
[1] 龚耀寰，《自适应滤波》，电子工业出版社，1989年
[2] 张光义，《相控阵雷达系统》，国防工业出版社，1994年
[3] Dean J.chapman; Partial Adaptivity for the Large Array. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] , Volume: 24 Issue: 5,Sep 1976
[4] Goldstein,J.S.;Reed，I.S.; Subspace selection for partially adaptive sensor array processing. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 33 Issue: 2 , Apr 1997
[5] Ho Yang, Mary Ann Ingram; Adaptive subarray design for interference cancellation. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. ICASSP '99. Proceedings., 1999 IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 5 , 1999
[6] P.Lopez, J.A.Rodriguez,F.Ares,and E.Moreno; Subarray Weighting for the Difference Patterns of Monopulse Antennas: Joint Optimization of Subarray Configurations and Weights. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol 49, Nov 2001
[7] 李正良等，《矩阵理论及应用》，电子科技大学出版社，1996年
[8] Urich R.O.Nickel. Sbbarray Configuration for Digital Beamforming with Low Sidelobes and Adaptive Interference Suppression. IEEE international radar conference, 1995
[9] Barry D. Van veen. Eigenstructure Based Partially Adaptive Array Design. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol 36, March 1988
[10] B.Johanisson, L.Steen, Patial digital beamforming using antenna aubarray division. in Proceedings of the Int. Conf. On Radar, Paris 1994,pp. 63-67
[11] J.M. ferrier, B. Carrara, P. Granger, Antenna subarray architectures and anti-jamming constrains, in Proceedings of the Int. Conf. On Radar, Paris 1994,pp. 466-469
[12] 刘海强编《数字信号处理系统及其应用》清华大学出版社
[13] 肖丹，《双基雷达中基于GS算法实现的ADBF》。 电子科技大学学位论文
[14] Altera CPLD data book，1998
[15] IDT 7133 data book 2000
[16] PLX Technology，Inc. PCI9052 Data Book. 2001 v2.0
[17] PCI Local Bus Specification, Dec 18,1998 v2.2
[18] National Semiconductor. LVDS Ower's Manual. 2000 v2.0
[19] Walter Oney. Programming the Windows Driver Model. 微软出版 1999
[20] MSDN，microsoft 2002
[2] 张光义，《相控阵雷达系统》，国防工业出版社，1994年
[3] Dean J.chapman; Partial Adaptivity for the Large Array. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] , Volume: 24 Issue: 5,Sep 1976
[4] Goldstein,J.S.;Reed，I.S.; Subspace selection for partially adaptive sensor array processing. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 33 Issue: 2 , Apr 1997
[5] Ho Yang, Mary Ann Ingram; Adaptive subarray design for interference cancellation. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. ICASSP '99. Proceedings., 1999 IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 5 , 1999
[6] P.Lopez, J.A.Rodriguez,F.Ares,and E.Moreno; Subarray Weighting for the Difference Patterns of Monopulse Antennas: Joint Optimization of Subarray Configurations and Weights. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol 49, Nov 2001
[7] 李正良等，《矩阵理论及应用》，电子科技大学出版社，1996年
[8] Urich R.O.Nickel. Sbbarray Configuration for Digital Beamforming with Low Sidelobes and Adaptive Interference Suppression. IEEE international radar conference, 1995
[9] Barry D. Van veen. Eigenstructure Based Partially Adaptive Array Design. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol 36, March 1988
[10] B.Johanisson, L.Steen, Patial digital beamforming using antenna aubarray division. in Proceedings of the Int. Conf. On Radar, Paris 1994,pp. 63-67
[11] J.M. ferrier, B. Carrara, P. Granger, Antenna subarray architectures and anti-jamming constrains, in Proceedings of the Int. Conf. On Radar, Paris 1994,pp. 466-469
[12] 刘海强编《数字信号处理系统及其应用》清华大学出版社
[13] 肖丹，《双基雷达中基于GS算法实现的ADBF》。 电子科技大学学位论文
[14] Altera CPLD data book，1998
[15] IDT 7133 data book 2000
[16] PLX Technology，Inc. PCI9052 Data Book. 2001 v2.0
[17] PCI Local Bus Specification, Dec 18,1998 v2.2
[18] National Semiconductor. LVDS Ower's Manual. 2000 v2.0
[19] Walter Oney. Programming the Windows Driver Model. 微软出版 1999
[20] MSDN，microsoft 2002