肢残者作业能力数字化评价方法及应用研究
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摘要
依照残疾人剩余作业能力安置残疾人就业，分层次、分类别设计无障碍作业系统是有效利用残疾人资源的关键。残疾人的作业能力评价是解决残疾人工作设计的理论及技术基础。残疾人作业能力评价是功能医学、社会认知以及行为能力的多维度问题，旨在预测残疾人从事特定作业的胜任度。单一的残疾度医学评价无法准确预测残疾人的作业胜任度，评价残疾人功能残损对作业能力的影响需要综合考虑残疾功能与作业内容。作业能力指标与作业内容的相关度是能力评价信度和效度的前提，对评价结果的复杂信息处理及分类显示是能力评价结果适用性的关键，需满足残疾人作业系统人因调适数字化设计的需求。
本文以占目前我国就业比例最高的肢残作业者为研究对象，构建肢残者体力作业能力评价方法。基于数字人仿真技术，通过对肢残者在虚拟作业场景下动作姿态仿真，建立肢残者作业能力评价的虚拟工作模拟器。肢残者作业能力数字化评价模型以人体特征和作业参数为输入，输出肢残者作业能力的生物力学分析，并对肢残者作业进行多能力差值进行多维度显示，也为人因调适的决策提供定量信息。
首先，针对作业能力评价指标的作业相关度的问题，以识别肢残者作业-能力差值为目标，提出了作业残疾度的概念模型。用作业残疾度来描述肢残者剩余作业能力完成特定作业的胜任度，用工作要求与功能残疾度的交集描述作业残疾度。提出四要素模型描述作业要求属性，建立功能残疾度的生理指标域，生成肢残者与作业系统四要素的交互模型，并以此构建作业残疾度的指标域。
其次，基于作业残疾度的概念模型，建立作业残疾度的分解模型。用生物力学参量描述作业要求、作业者特征以及两者间的交互属性，生成作业残疾度的生物力学特征模型。提出一种残疾人动作分析方法，将作业分解到基本动素层，基于多维动作分析表，识别出作业残疾度的关键动素。采用定性定量相结合的方法，对作业残疾度的关键动素进行肌肉骨骼及时间两级指标的赋值，生成作业要求图谱。作业要求图谱为功能评定界定了多层次评价指标体系及方法；以作业要求图谱为功能评价的基准面，用凹凸模型描述了作业残疾度。
然后，建立肢残者作业建模与仿真技术，对作业残疾度关键动素进行仿真，为肢残者作业残疾度分析提供可视化平台。基于Poser，提出了的肢残者人体建模及基于功能约束的运动姿态仿真方法，在JACK下实现肢残人体及运动姿态仿真，实现对肢残者身体结构、运动及生理机能缺陷的多级仿真。
针对作业残疾度指标的实验测量，以肢残者爬梯作业为例，设计肢残者爬梯实验，并获得手脚力量及手脚间距等关键部位的力学及运动学参数，作为特定作业者爬梯作业残疾度测量的结果。以膝下假肢者作为实验组，正常人作为对照组，对作业要求参数、人体特征下肢残者手脚力量、爬梯速度以及表面肌电信号的差异性分析和回归分析，构建肢残者爬梯任务模型，描述残疾因子对人体爬梯行为的影响。该模型可在已知任务要求和评价对象人体参数特征的条件下，直接计算用以表征残疾人爬梯作业残疾度的生物力学参数。
最后，基于作业残疾度分解及肢残者作业仿真技术，提出作业残疾度数字化评价模型。以爬梯作业为例，对模型的使用进行了说明。基于实验测量的攀爬能力参数对肢残者爬梯姿态进行仿真，在JACK平台下实现作业姿态及作业残疾度的多维可视化分析，经与JACK生成的作业要求参数对比，实现作业残疾度的多维可视化分析。
It is critical for effective use of the disabled human resources to place and accommodate thehandicapped based on their residule work ability. Work ability evaluation of the handicapped provides basictools to the handicapped job design. The handicapped work ability evaluation is multi-dimensional issueincluding medical function evaluation, social cognition and behavior ability evaluation. It is to identify thework competency of the handicapped. However, medical evaluation itself cannot make accurate predictionsfor the work competency. To evaluate the influence of functional impairment on the work ability acomprehensive integration of work and phyisical function should be considered. The high relation of workability variables to the work content is the prerequisite for the reliability and validity of the work ablilityevaluation. It is equally important to deal with complexity of evaluation information. The results shall servethe ergonomic accommodation design of the work system.
This thesis proposed a work ability evaluation model for the physically handicapped, who accounts forthe biggest employment percentage in the physical work field in China. Based on the digital humanmodeling and simulation, the thesis built up a virtual work sample simulation by simulate the motion of thephysically handicapped in the virtual environment. With the human and work characteristics as input, themodel output the biomechanical parameters of the work ability. The evaluation results can be shown inmulti-dimensions and provide multi-dimensional information for the ergonomic accommodation.
It firstly proposed a conceptual model of work disability to descirbe the work-ability margin. Theinteraction of work requirement and functional disability was used to describe the work disability. AFour-factored model was applied to describe the work requirement while the funcitional disability wasdescribed by phyiscal variables. The interaction of the handicapped with the Four-factored model was usedto represent the work disablity.
Then the thesis proposed an analytical model of work disability. The work requirement, workercharacteristics and their interaction are defined in the biomechanical dimension. It further established amotion analysis method specified for the handicapped. The motion analysis method defined the motionelement in3-dimensional chart and the key motion element was thus identified. The quantitative andqualitative integrated method was used to define the values of musculoskeleton and temporal parametersand the work requirement profile was thus formed. The work requirement profile defined a herachialevaluation system. A concave-convex model was established to describe the work disability with the workrequirement profile as the evaluation datum.
The thesis then established a handicapped work modelling and simulation method tosimulate the key motion elements related to work disability, which provided a visual analysisplatform for the work disability of the physically handicapped. The body modeling wasrealized on Poser. A function-constrainted motion simulation method is applied to control themotion and posture by calculating the constraints by the physical, functional andphysiological disability.
To build up experimental measurement of the work disability variables, the thesisdesigned a ladder climbing experiment to explain how the biomechanical parameters of subjects can be obtained. Further analysis were made on the foot/hand force, force/handseparation, climbing speed and EMG to build up a relational model of the disability on workability. A validated model can output the biomechanical parameters of the work ability withthe input of work and human characteristics parameters.
Finally, a digitalized work disability evlauation model was proposed based on the workdisability analysis model and work simulation technique. Ladder climbing task was used toexplain the workability of the model. The measured parameters from the experiment wasinput into the work simulation model in JACK and then compared with the work requirementparameters from JACK. A multi-dimensioned evaluation result of work disability wasvisualized.
本文以占目前我国就业比例最高的肢残作业者为研究对象，构建肢残者体力作业能力评价方法。基于数字人仿真技术，通过对肢残者在虚拟作业场景下动作姿态仿真，建立肢残者作业能力评价的虚拟工作模拟器。肢残者作业能力数字化评价模型以人体特征和作业参数为输入，输出肢残者作业能力的生物力学分析，并对肢残者作业进行多能力差值进行多维度显示，也为人因调适的决策提供定量信息。
首先，针对作业能力评价指标的作业相关度的问题，以识别肢残者作业-能力差值为目标，提出了作业残疾度的概念模型。用作业残疾度来描述肢残者剩余作业能力完成特定作业的胜任度，用工作要求与功能残疾度的交集描述作业残疾度。提出四要素模型描述作业要求属性，建立功能残疾度的生理指标域，生成肢残者与作业系统四要素的交互模型，并以此构建作业残疾度的指标域。
其次，基于作业残疾度的概念模型，建立作业残疾度的分解模型。用生物力学参量描述作业要求、作业者特征以及两者间的交互属性，生成作业残疾度的生物力学特征模型。提出一种残疾人动作分析方法，将作业分解到基本动素层，基于多维动作分析表，识别出作业残疾度的关键动素。采用定性定量相结合的方法，对作业残疾度的关键动素进行肌肉骨骼及时间两级指标的赋值，生成作业要求图谱。作业要求图谱为功能评定界定了多层次评价指标体系及方法；以作业要求图谱为功能评价的基准面，用凹凸模型描述了作业残疾度。
然后，建立肢残者作业建模与仿真技术，对作业残疾度关键动素进行仿真，为肢残者作业残疾度分析提供可视化平台。基于Poser，提出了的肢残者人体建模及基于功能约束的运动姿态仿真方法，在JACK下实现肢残人体及运动姿态仿真，实现对肢残者身体结构、运动及生理机能缺陷的多级仿真。
针对作业残疾度指标的实验测量，以肢残者爬梯作业为例，设计肢残者爬梯实验，并获得手脚力量及手脚间距等关键部位的力学及运动学参数，作为特定作业者爬梯作业残疾度测量的结果。以膝下假肢者作为实验组，正常人作为对照组，对作业要求参数、人体特征下肢残者手脚力量、爬梯速度以及表面肌电信号的差异性分析和回归分析，构建肢残者爬梯任务模型，描述残疾因子对人体爬梯行为的影响。该模型可在已知任务要求和评价对象人体参数特征的条件下，直接计算用以表征残疾人爬梯作业残疾度的生物力学参数。
最后，基于作业残疾度分解及肢残者作业仿真技术，提出作业残疾度数字化评价模型。以爬梯作业为例，对模型的使用进行了说明。基于实验测量的攀爬能力参数对肢残者爬梯姿态进行仿真，在JACK平台下实现作业姿态及作业残疾度的多维可视化分析，经与JACK生成的作业要求参数对比，实现作业残疾度的多维可视化分析。
It is critical for effective use of the disabled human resources to place and accommodate thehandicapped based on their residule work ability. Work ability evaluation of the handicapped provides basictools to the handicapped job design. The handicapped work ability evaluation is multi-dimensional issueincluding medical function evaluation, social cognition and behavior ability evaluation. It is to identify thework competency of the handicapped. However, medical evaluation itself cannot make accurate predictionsfor the work competency. To evaluate the influence of functional impairment on the work ability acomprehensive integration of work and phyisical function should be considered. The high relation of workability variables to the work content is the prerequisite for the reliability and validity of the work ablilityevaluation. It is equally important to deal with complexity of evaluation information. The results shall servethe ergonomic accommodation design of the work system.
This thesis proposed a work ability evaluation model for the physically handicapped, who accounts forthe biggest employment percentage in the physical work field in China. Based on the digital humanmodeling and simulation, the thesis built up a virtual work sample simulation by simulate the motion of thephysically handicapped in the virtual environment. With the human and work characteristics as input, themodel output the biomechanical parameters of the work ability. The evaluation results can be shown inmulti-dimensions and provide multi-dimensional information for the ergonomic accommodation.
It firstly proposed a conceptual model of work disability to descirbe the work-ability margin. Theinteraction of work requirement and functional disability was used to describe the work disability. AFour-factored model was applied to describe the work requirement while the funcitional disability wasdescribed by phyiscal variables. The interaction of the handicapped with the Four-factored model was usedto represent the work disablity.
Then the thesis proposed an analytical model of work disability. The work requirement, workercharacteristics and their interaction are defined in the biomechanical dimension. It further established amotion analysis method specified for the handicapped. The motion analysis method defined the motionelement in3-dimensional chart and the key motion element was thus identified. The quantitative andqualitative integrated method was used to define the values of musculoskeleton and temporal parametersand the work requirement profile was thus formed. The work requirement profile defined a herachialevaluation system. A concave-convex model was established to describe the work disability with the workrequirement profile as the evaluation datum.
The thesis then established a handicapped work modelling and simulation method tosimulate the key motion elements related to work disability, which provided a visual analysisplatform for the work disability of the physically handicapped. The body modeling wasrealized on Poser. A function-constrainted motion simulation method is applied to control themotion and posture by calculating the constraints by the physical, functional andphysiological disability.
To build up experimental measurement of the work disability variables, the thesisdesigned a ladder climbing experiment to explain how the biomechanical parameters of subjects can be obtained. Further analysis were made on the foot/hand force, force/handseparation, climbing speed and EMG to build up a relational model of the disability on workability. A validated model can output the biomechanical parameters of the work ability withthe input of work and human characteristics parameters.
Finally, a digitalized work disability evlauation model was proposed based on the workdisability analysis model and work simulation technique. Ladder climbing task was used toexplain the workability of the model. The measured parameters from the experiment wasinput into the work simulation model in JACK and then compared with the work requirementparameters from JACK. A multi-dimensioned evaluation result of work disability wasvisualized.
引文
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