喷雾干燥血粉在中华鳖饲料中的使用效果研究
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摘要
本论文研究了不同喷雾干燥血粉含量的等能等蛋白饲料饲喂中华鳖稚鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)的效果。将稚鳖随机分为5组,分别饲喂血粉含量为0%(饲料1)、1%(饲料2)、2%(饲料3)、4%(饲料4)和8%(饲料5)的饲料,测定了中华鳖的摄食、生长、能量收支和氮收支等。试验共进行60d,分为两个阶段,第一阶段40d,第二阶段20d。
主要的研究结果如下:
1、第一阶段不同血粉含量的饲料对中华鳖的摄食率、饵料系数和蛋白质效率有显著影响,随着饲料中血粉含量的增大,中华鳖的摄食率和饵料系数逐渐增大,蛋白质效率逐渐减小。第二阶段各饲料组间中华鳖的摄食率、饵料系数和蛋白质效率均无显著差异。
2、两个阶段各饲料组间中华鳖的相对增重率和特定生长率均无显著差异。
3、中华鳖对饲料2碳水化合物的消化率显著高于对饲料5碳水化合物的消化率,其余各组间无显著差异;中华鳖对其它各营养物质的消化率无显著差异。
4、各饲料组间中华鳖的身体营养组成无显著差异。
5、随着饲料中血粉含量的增加,中华鳖的消化道相对长度逐渐增大,消化道相对重量在各饲料组间无显著差异。
6、整个试验期间,不同饲料组间中华鳖的氮收支模式有显著差异,各饲料组间中华鳖的氮收支为:饲料1: 100C = 33.67G + 11.54F + 54.80U饲料2: 100C = 32.85G + 12.07F + 55.08U饲料3: 100C = 29.06G + 10.88F + 60.06U饲料4: 100C = 31.06G + 11.39F + 57.55U饲料5: 100C = 28.93G + 10.40F + 60.67U
由以上氮收支可以看出,增加饲料中血粉的含量,显著增大了尿氮在摄入氮中的比例,并减小了氮生长效率。
7、饲料中不同血粉含量对中华鳖的能量收支模式产生了显著的影响。
各饲料组间中华鳖的能量收支模式为:饲料1: 100C = 12.50F + 4.85U + 56.11R + 26.54G饲料2: 100C = 12.84F + 4.74U + 56.54R + 25.88G饲料3: 100C = 11.66F + 5.28U + 59.83R + 23.23G饲料4: 100C = 12.43F + 4.97U + 58.39R + 24.22G饲料5: 100C = 11.41F + 5.40U + 61.09R + 22.10G
中华鳖的尿能和代谢能随着饲料中血粉含量的增大而显著增大,粪能和生长能在各饲料组间无显著差异;尿能和代谢能占摄入能和同化能比例随着饲料中血粉含量的增大而显著增大,能量生长效率和能量净生长效率随着饲料中血粉含量的增大而显著减小。
通过对以上结果的讨论分析,本试验得出以下结论:
1、饲料中添加血粉可提高中华鳖的摄食量、代谢率和尿的排泄,饵料系数增加,生长速度保持相对稳定,说明在饲料中添加喷雾干燥血粉意义不大。
2、在养殖试验的第一阶段,随着饲料中血粉含量的增大,中华鳖对饲料的利用率显著降低;在养殖试验的第二阶段,中华鳖对饲料的利用率在各组间无显著差异,说明经过长时间的饲喂,中华鳖对含血粉饲料产生了适应性。
3、经过60d的养殖实验,各饲料组间中华鳖除了对饲料中碳水化合物的消化率有显著差异,对其它营养物质的消化率无显著差异。随着饲料中血粉含量的增加,中华鳖的消化道变长了,这是中华鳖对含血粉饲料适应的结果,中华鳖通过增加消化道的长度来增加对含血粉饲料的消化率。
4、随着饲料中喷雾干燥血粉含量的增加,中华鳖的尿氮比例、尿能比例和代谢能比例有增大的趋势,在一定程度上造成了对资源的浪费和对养殖水体的污染。
5、应进一步改进血粉的加工方法,以提高血粉的饲喂价值,使血液资源变废为宝。
An experiment had been conducted to evaluate feeding value of spray-dried blood meal (SDBM) for juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle. Chinese soft-shelled turtles were divided into five groups stochastically and fed with five diets which contain SDBM 0% (diet 1), 1% (diet 2), 2% (diet 3), 4% (diet 4) and 8% (diet 5) respectively and the feed consumption, growth, energy budget, nitrogen budget, et of the turtles were mensurated. This trial was divided into two periods, the first period lasted 40 days and the second period 20 days.
The main results were as follows:
1. In the first period, with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the feeding rate (FR) and the feed coefficient (FC) of the turtle tended to increase, while the protein efficiency ratio (PER) tended to decrease and there were significant differences among different groups. In the second period, there was no significant difference in FR, FC and PER among different groups.
2. In the two periods, there was no significant difference in weight gain (WG) and specific growth rates (SGR) of Chinese soft-shelled turtles among different groups.
3. The digestibility coefficient (DC) of carbohydrate was significantly higher in turtles fed diet 2 than that of fed diet 5, while there was no significant difference of DC among other groups. The DC of other nutrition materials was not affected significantly.
4. No significant difference was found in body composition among turtles fed with different diets.
5. The length of digestive tracts was increased with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, while there was no significant difference of the weight of digestive tracts among different groups.
6. In the whole experiment period, there was significant difference in the nitrogen budget among different groups. The nitrogen budgets of every group listed as follows: Diet 1: 100C = 33.67G + 11.54F + 54.80U Diet 2: 100C = 32.85G + 12.07F + 55.08U Diet 3: 100C = 29.06G + 10.88F + 60.06U Diet 4: 100C = 31.06G + 11.39F + 57.55U Diet 5: 100C = 28.93G + 10.40F + 60.67U
From the nitrogen budget above we know that with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the ratio of urine nitrogen significantly increased while the nitrogen growth efficiency significantly decreased.
7. There was significant difference in the energy budget among different groups. The energy budgets of every group were listed as follows: Diet 1: 100C = 12.50F + 4.85U + 56.11R + 26.54G Diet 2: 100C = 12.84F + 4.74U + 56.54R + 25.88G Diet 3: 100C = 11.66F + 5.28U + 59.83R + 23.23G Diet 4: 100C = 12.43F + 4.97U + 58.39R + 24.22G Diet 5: 100C = 11.41F + 5.40U + 61.09R + 22.10G
The urine energy and metabolism energy significantly increased with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, and there was no difference in growth energy among different groups. With the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the ratio of urine energy, metabolism energy and the assimilation efficiency of energy were significantly improved, while the energy growth efficiency significantly decreased.
Analyzing the results above, it can be concluded as following:
1. Adding SDBM to the diets will increase FR, metabolism rate, urine gestion and FC of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, while the growth rate will not increase significantly. This indicated that there is no need to add blood meal to the diets of turtle.
2. In the first period, with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the utilization of the turtles to diets significantly decreased; in the second period, there were no significant differences of utilization of the turtles to diets among different groups. This indicated that the turtles would have adaptability to the diets containing SDBM after a long time of feeding.
3. For 60 days of breeding, there were no differences of DC of nutrition materials except carbohydrate among different groups. With the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the length of digestive tracts increased and thus improved the DC to nutrition materials.
4. With the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the ratio of urine nitrogen, urine energy and metabolism energy improved, which wasted the resources and polluted the water.
5. We should improve the productive method of blood meal and increase their feeding value.
主要的研究结果如下:
1、第一阶段不同血粉含量的饲料对中华鳖的摄食率、饵料系数和蛋白质效率有显著影响,随着饲料中血粉含量的增大,中华鳖的摄食率和饵料系数逐渐增大,蛋白质效率逐渐减小。第二阶段各饲料组间中华鳖的摄食率、饵料系数和蛋白质效率均无显著差异。
2、两个阶段各饲料组间中华鳖的相对增重率和特定生长率均无显著差异。
3、中华鳖对饲料2碳水化合物的消化率显著高于对饲料5碳水化合物的消化率,其余各组间无显著差异;中华鳖对其它各营养物质的消化率无显著差异。
4、各饲料组间中华鳖的身体营养组成无显著差异。
5、随着饲料中血粉含量的增加,中华鳖的消化道相对长度逐渐增大,消化道相对重量在各饲料组间无显著差异。
6、整个试验期间,不同饲料组间中华鳖的氮收支模式有显著差异,各饲料组间中华鳖的氮收支为:饲料1: 100C = 33.67G + 11.54F + 54.80U饲料2: 100C = 32.85G + 12.07F + 55.08U饲料3: 100C = 29.06G + 10.88F + 60.06U饲料4: 100C = 31.06G + 11.39F + 57.55U饲料5: 100C = 28.93G + 10.40F + 60.67U
由以上氮收支可以看出,增加饲料中血粉的含量,显著增大了尿氮在摄入氮中的比例,并减小了氮生长效率。
7、饲料中不同血粉含量对中华鳖的能量收支模式产生了显著的影响。
各饲料组间中华鳖的能量收支模式为:饲料1: 100C = 12.50F + 4.85U + 56.11R + 26.54G饲料2: 100C = 12.84F + 4.74U + 56.54R + 25.88G饲料3: 100C = 11.66F + 5.28U + 59.83R + 23.23G饲料4: 100C = 12.43F + 4.97U + 58.39R + 24.22G饲料5: 100C = 11.41F + 5.40U + 61.09R + 22.10G
中华鳖的尿能和代谢能随着饲料中血粉含量的增大而显著增大,粪能和生长能在各饲料组间无显著差异;尿能和代谢能占摄入能和同化能比例随着饲料中血粉含量的增大而显著增大,能量生长效率和能量净生长效率随着饲料中血粉含量的增大而显著减小。
通过对以上结果的讨论分析,本试验得出以下结论:
1、饲料中添加血粉可提高中华鳖的摄食量、代谢率和尿的排泄,饵料系数增加,生长速度保持相对稳定,说明在饲料中添加喷雾干燥血粉意义不大。
2、在养殖试验的第一阶段,随着饲料中血粉含量的增大,中华鳖对饲料的利用率显著降低;在养殖试验的第二阶段,中华鳖对饲料的利用率在各组间无显著差异,说明经过长时间的饲喂,中华鳖对含血粉饲料产生了适应性。
3、经过60d的养殖实验,各饲料组间中华鳖除了对饲料中碳水化合物的消化率有显著差异,对其它营养物质的消化率无显著差异。随着饲料中血粉含量的增加,中华鳖的消化道变长了,这是中华鳖对含血粉饲料适应的结果,中华鳖通过增加消化道的长度来增加对含血粉饲料的消化率。
4、随着饲料中喷雾干燥血粉含量的增加,中华鳖的尿氮比例、尿能比例和代谢能比例有增大的趋势,在一定程度上造成了对资源的浪费和对养殖水体的污染。
5、应进一步改进血粉的加工方法,以提高血粉的饲喂价值,使血液资源变废为宝。
An experiment had been conducted to evaluate feeding value of spray-dried blood meal (SDBM) for juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle. Chinese soft-shelled turtles were divided into five groups stochastically and fed with five diets which contain SDBM 0% (diet 1), 1% (diet 2), 2% (diet 3), 4% (diet 4) and 8% (diet 5) respectively and the feed consumption, growth, energy budget, nitrogen budget, et of the turtles were mensurated. This trial was divided into two periods, the first period lasted 40 days and the second period 20 days.
The main results were as follows:
1. In the first period, with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the feeding rate (FR) and the feed coefficient (FC) of the turtle tended to increase, while the protein efficiency ratio (PER) tended to decrease and there were significant differences among different groups. In the second period, there was no significant difference in FR, FC and PER among different groups.
2. In the two periods, there was no significant difference in weight gain (WG) and specific growth rates (SGR) of Chinese soft-shelled turtles among different groups.
3. The digestibility coefficient (DC) of carbohydrate was significantly higher in turtles fed diet 2 than that of fed diet 5, while there was no significant difference of DC among other groups. The DC of other nutrition materials was not affected significantly.
4. No significant difference was found in body composition among turtles fed with different diets.
5. The length of digestive tracts was increased with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, while there was no significant difference of the weight of digestive tracts among different groups.
6. In the whole experiment period, there was significant difference in the nitrogen budget among different groups. The nitrogen budgets of every group listed as follows: Diet 1: 100C = 33.67G + 11.54F + 54.80U Diet 2: 100C = 32.85G + 12.07F + 55.08U Diet 3: 100C = 29.06G + 10.88F + 60.06U Diet 4: 100C = 31.06G + 11.39F + 57.55U Diet 5: 100C = 28.93G + 10.40F + 60.67U
From the nitrogen budget above we know that with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the ratio of urine nitrogen significantly increased while the nitrogen growth efficiency significantly decreased.
7. There was significant difference in the energy budget among different groups. The energy budgets of every group were listed as follows: Diet 1: 100C = 12.50F + 4.85U + 56.11R + 26.54G Diet 2: 100C = 12.84F + 4.74U + 56.54R + 25.88G Diet 3: 100C = 11.66F + 5.28U + 59.83R + 23.23G Diet 4: 100C = 12.43F + 4.97U + 58.39R + 24.22G Diet 5: 100C = 11.41F + 5.40U + 61.09R + 22.10G
The urine energy and metabolism energy significantly increased with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, and there was no difference in growth energy among different groups. With the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the ratio of urine energy, metabolism energy and the assimilation efficiency of energy were significantly improved, while the energy growth efficiency significantly decreased.
Analyzing the results above, it can be concluded as following:
1. Adding SDBM to the diets will increase FR, metabolism rate, urine gestion and FC of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, while the growth rate will not increase significantly. This indicated that there is no need to add blood meal to the diets of turtle.
2. In the first period, with the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the utilization of the turtles to diets significantly decreased; in the second period, there were no significant differences of utilization of the turtles to diets among different groups. This indicated that the turtles would have adaptability to the diets containing SDBM after a long time of feeding.
3. For 60 days of breeding, there were no differences of DC of nutrition materials except carbohydrate among different groups. With the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the length of digestive tracts increased and thus improved the DC to nutrition materials.
4. With the increase of content of SDBM in the diets, the ratio of urine nitrogen, urine energy and metabolism energy improved, which wasted the resources and polluted the water.
5. We should improve the productive method of blood meal and increase their feeding value.
引文
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