密点麻蜥成年性比对后代性别和表型特征的影响
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摘要
爬行动物的性别决定方式既具有传统的遗传性别决定方式,又具有环境依赖的性别决定方式。在环境依赖的性别决定方式中,温度依赖的性别决定方式是爬行动物中最常见的一种。温度依赖性别决定方式的种群性别比例也可能因此而受到影响,进一步影响种群的活力。性别分配理论认为动物能够根据周围环境中雌性比例的变化而将能量更多的分配到在这个群体中占比例较少的那个性别的个体更容易被自然选择保留下来。Operational sex ratio (OSR)是指在一个种群中可以交配的雄性个体的数量除以能够受孕的雌性个体的数量,OSR是否会影响母体对后代个体中雌性个体和雄性个体分配的能力的多少,以蜥蜴为研究对象的研究得到了自相矛盾的结果。在这个实验中我们选择温度影响后代性别的密点麻蜥为研究对象,来研究怀孕的雌性蜥蜴是否会根据周围环境的OSR而改变后代个体的性别比例。我们的实验结果表明,母体不会根据周围环境的OSR的不同而改变后代个体的性别和除了尾长以外的形态特征,但是OSR对后代个体的生长速率具有一定的影响。一直在实验室中饲养的蜥蜴产生的后代体重和体长的增加都受OSR的影响,而在野外饲养的蜥蜴产生的后代只有体重受OSR的影响。因此我们认为判断OSR对后代个体的影响不应该只看后代出生时的形态特征,有可能OSR对后代个体还具有潜在的影响。
Reptiles exhibit both environment-dependent sex determinations (ESD) and gene dependent sex determination (GSD). Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is the most common mechanism in reptile. The sex ratio of reptile with TSD could be influenced by climate temperature. Sex allocation theory predicts that maternal sex specific investment in the rare sex should be favored by natural selection. Operational sex ratio (OSR) is defined as the number of potentially mating males divided by the number of fertilizable females. It is unclear whether or not OSR influence sex allocation, and recent studies on lizards have reached conflicting conclusions. Here we selected a viviparous lizard Eremias multiocellata to test whether pregnant females could adjust the sex ratio of their offspring in response to OSR. Our results showed that mothers did not adjust sex ratios or any other phenotypes of neonates in the laboratory and field-based experiments. However, the OSRs did affect subsequent growth in both mass and SVLs of the offspring in laboratory experiments, while in the semi-nature experiments only the mass was affected. Therefore, proposed that the total effects of OSRs on offspring of this lizard should not be assessed or assumed based solely on the phenotype of neonates at birth.
Reptiles exhibit both environment-dependent sex determinations (ESD) and gene dependent sex determination (GSD). Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is the most common mechanism in reptile. The sex ratio of reptile with TSD could be influenced by climate temperature. Sex allocation theory predicts that maternal sex specific investment in the rare sex should be favored by natural selection. Operational sex ratio (OSR) is defined as the number of potentially mating males divided by the number of fertilizable females. It is unclear whether or not OSR influence sex allocation, and recent studies on lizards have reached conflicting conclusions. Here we selected a viviparous lizard Eremias multiocellata to test whether pregnant females could adjust the sex ratio of their offspring in response to OSR. Our results showed that mothers did not adjust sex ratios or any other phenotypes of neonates in the laboratory and field-based experiments. However, the OSRs did affect subsequent growth in both mass and SVLs of the offspring in laboratory experiments, while in the semi-nature experiments only the mass was affected. Therefore, proposed that the total effects of OSRs on offspring of this lizard should not be assessed or assumed based solely on the phenotype of neonates at birth.
引文
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