军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）吡哆醇、肌醇和泛酸营养生理的研究
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摘要
本文以我国重要的海水养殖鱼类军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)为实验对象,研究饲料中不同含量吡哆醇、肌醇和泛酸对军曹鱼生长的影响,以获得军曹鱼对这三种水溶性维生素的需要量。主要研究结果如下:
1.研究了军曹鱼幼鱼对吡哆醇(pyridoxine,PN)的需要量。以酪蛋白(不含维生素)、明胶、鱼肉浓缩蛋白为蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加0、2、4、8、16和32 mg PN/kg,配制出六种实验饲料,使饲料中吡哆醇的水平分别达到0.22、1.89、3.87、7.54、14.75和29.88mg PN/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中(250L)进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重3.23±0.06g)25尾。养殖实验过程中,海水盐度为30~34‰,水温28~32℃,溶氧>7mg/L,养殖实验持续9周。实验结果显示,在0.22～3.87mg PN/kg水平范围内,随着饲料中吡哆醇含量的升高,实验鱼特定生长率显著升高,当吡哆醇水平达到或高于3.87mg PN/kg时,各饲料组实验鱼的特定生长率(2.68~2.71%/天)没有显著差异,而都显著高于0.22和1.89 mg PN/kg饲料组的特定生长率(1.17~2.06%/天)(p<0.05)。军曹鱼肝脏吡哆醇含量、吡哆醛含量、谷丙转氨酶活力、谷草转氨酶活力均与特定生长率有相似的变化趋势,即在3.87mg/kg饲料组接近或者达到最大值,在达到或超过3.87mg/kg时达到或近似达到一平台。根据实验结果,以军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率和肝脏吡哆醇含量、吡哆醛含量、谷丙转氨酶活力、谷草转氨酶活力分别拟合折线模型,得到军曹鱼幼鱼对饲料中吡哆醇的需要量为3.09~6.87mg PN /kg饲料。
2.研究了军曹鱼幼鱼对肌醇(myo-inositol)的需要量。以酪蛋白(不含维生素)、明胶、鱼肉浓缩蛋白为蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加0、0+抗生素(0.5%)、100、200、400、800和1600 mg/kg肌醇,配制出七种实验饲料,使饲料中肌醇的水平分别达到0、96、193、386、764和1582 mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中(250L)进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重3.23±0.06g)25尾。养殖实验过程中,海水盐度为30~34‰,水温28~32℃,溶氧>7mg/L,养殖实验持续9周。实验结果显示,军曹鱼不具有肌醇合成能力,在0～386 mg/kg水平范围内,随着饲料中肌醇含量的升高,实验鱼特定生长率显著升高,当肌醇水平达到或高于386 mg/kg时,各饲料组实验鱼的特定生长率(2.78~2.97%/天)没有显著差异。根据实验结果,以军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率和肝脏肌醇含量分别拟合折线模型,得到军曹鱼幼鱼对饲料中肌醇的需要量为351.0~363.4 mg/kg饲料。
3.研究了军曹鱼幼鱼对泛酸的需要量。以酪蛋白(不含维生素)、明胶、鱼肉浓缩蛋白为蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加0、5、10、20、40和80 mg/kg泛酸,配制出六种实验饲料,使饲料中泛酸的水平分别达到0.12、4.88、9.75、18.47、36.54和74.56 mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中(250L)进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重3.23±0.06g)25尾。养殖实验过程中,海水盐度为30~34‰,水温28~32℃,溶氧>7mg/L,养殖实验持续9周。实验结果显示,在0.12～18.47 mg/kg水平范围内,随着饲料中泛酸含量的升高,实验鱼特定生长率显著升高,当泛酸水平达到或高于18.47mg/kg时,各饲料组实验鱼的特定生长率(2.82~2.95%/天)没有显著差异,而都显著高于饲料泛酸含量低于18.47 mg/kg饲料组的特定生长率(1.13~2.21%/天)(p<0.05)。军曹鱼肝脏泛酸含量、肝脏脂肪含量均与特定生长率有相似的结果。根据实验结果,以军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率和肝脏泛酸含量分别拟合折线模型,得到军曹鱼幼鱼对饲料中泛酸的需要量为16.39~18.87mg/kg饲料。
Feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional physiology of pyridoxine、myo-inositol and pantothenic acid for cobia Rachycentron canadum. The dietary requirements of pyridoxine、myo-inositol and pantothenic acid for juvenile cobia were estimated in indoor culture system. Results of the present study are presented as follows:
1.A 9-week feeding experiment was conducted to quantify the dietary pyridoxine (PN) requirement of juvenile cobia. Basal diet was formulated using vitamin-free casein, gelatin and fish protein concentrate as the protein source. The graded levels of PN ( 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg diet) were added to the basal diets to formulate six experimental diets containing 0.22, 1.89, 3.87, 7.54, 14.75 and 29.88mg PN/kg diet, analyzed by HPLC, respectively. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of cobia in 250L tanks for 9 weeks, and each tank was stocked with 25 fish (initial weight: 3.23±0.06g). The water salinity was from 30‰to 34‰, temperature fluctuated from 28 to 32℃and dissolved oxygen was above 7mg/l. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) have an increasing trend with the increase of dietary pyridoxine (from 0.22 to 3.87mg/kg), but no significant differences were observed among diets containing 3.87mg/kg PN or above. The contents of PN and AST in liver of fish fed diets with 3.87mg/kg were significantly higher than those in fish fed the diets with lower than 3.87mg/kg PN. However, there were no significant differences among diets containing 3.87~29.88mg/kg PN. The contents of PLP and the activities of ALT in the diet with 7.54 mg/kg PN significantly higher than the diets with less than 7.54 mg/kg PN, however, no significant differences were found among diets containing more than 7.54 mg/kg PN. The dietary pyridoxine requirement was estimated to be 3.09~6.87mg/kg by the broken-line model based on the SGR, the hepatic PN, the hepatic PLP, the activities of ALT and AST in fish liver.
2. A 9-week feeding experiment were conducted to determine the dietary inositol requirement of juvenile cobia. Basal diet was formulated using vitamin-free casein, gelatin and fish protein concentrate as the protein source. Inositol was supplemented at 0, 0 + antibiotic (0.5%), 100, 200, 400,800 and 1600 mg/kg diet in the basal diet providing0, 0, 96 193, 386, 764 and 1582 mg/kg diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish, and each tank (250L) was stocked with 25 fish (initial weight: 3.23±0.06g). The water salinity was from 30‰to 34‰, temperature fluctuated from 28 to 32℃and dissolved oxygen was above 7mg/l during the experiment. The results showed that the intestinal microbial synthesis was not a significant source of inositol for juvenile cobia. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with the increasing dietary inositol from 0 to 386mg/kg diet. When the inositol level was or more than 386 mg/kg diet, there was no significant difference in SGR (2.78~2.97%/d) among dietary treatments. Broken-line regression analysis of SGR and liver inositol content showed that juvenile cobia require 351.0~363.4 mg inositol /kg diet.
3. A 9-week feeding experiment was conducted to quantify the dietary pantothenic acid (PA) requirement of juvenile cobia. Basal diet was formulated using vitamin-free casein, gelatin and fish protein concentrate as the protein sources. The graded levels of PA ( 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg diet) were added to the basal diets to formulate six experimental diets containing 0.12、4.88、9.75、18.47、36.54 and 74.56 mg PA/kg diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of cobia in 250L tanks for 9 weeks, and each tank was stocked with 25 fish (initial weight: 3.23±0.06g). The water salinity was from 30‰to 34‰, temperature fluctuated from 28 to 32℃and dissolved oxygen was above 7mg/l. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) have an increasing trend with the increase of dietary PA (from 0.12 to 18.47mg/kg), but no significant differences were observed among diets containing 18.47mg/kg PA or above(2.82~2.95%/day). Hepatic total pantothenic acid concentration (TP)increased with increasing dietary PA up to 18.47 mg/kg (p<0.05), and then leveled off(p>0.05).Hepatic lipid concentration was highest in the pantothenic acid-deficient fish than those of other dietary groups, and no significant differences were observed among the other dietary treatments (p>0.05). On the basis of SGR and TP, the optimum dietary pantothenic acid requirements of cobia were estimated using broken-line regression analysis to be 16.39~18.87mg/kg diet.
1.研究了军曹鱼幼鱼对吡哆醇(pyridoxine,PN)的需要量。以酪蛋白(不含维生素)、明胶、鱼肉浓缩蛋白为蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加0、2、4、8、16和32 mg PN/kg,配制出六种实验饲料,使饲料中吡哆醇的水平分别达到0.22、1.89、3.87、7.54、14.75和29.88mg PN/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中(250L)进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重3.23±0.06g)25尾。养殖实验过程中,海水盐度为30~34‰,水温28~32℃,溶氧>7mg/L,养殖实验持续9周。实验结果显示,在0.22～3.87mg PN/kg水平范围内,随着饲料中吡哆醇含量的升高,实验鱼特定生长率显著升高,当吡哆醇水平达到或高于3.87mg PN/kg时,各饲料组实验鱼的特定生长率(2.68~2.71%/天)没有显著差异,而都显著高于0.22和1.89 mg PN/kg饲料组的特定生长率(1.17~2.06%/天)(p<0.05)。军曹鱼肝脏吡哆醇含量、吡哆醛含量、谷丙转氨酶活力、谷草转氨酶活力均与特定生长率有相似的变化趋势,即在3.87mg/kg饲料组接近或者达到最大值,在达到或超过3.87mg/kg时达到或近似达到一平台。根据实验结果,以军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率和肝脏吡哆醇含量、吡哆醛含量、谷丙转氨酶活力、谷草转氨酶活力分别拟合折线模型,得到军曹鱼幼鱼对饲料中吡哆醇的需要量为3.09~6.87mg PN /kg饲料。
2.研究了军曹鱼幼鱼对肌醇(myo-inositol)的需要量。以酪蛋白(不含维生素)、明胶、鱼肉浓缩蛋白为蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加0、0+抗生素(0.5%)、100、200、400、800和1600 mg/kg肌醇,配制出七种实验饲料,使饲料中肌醇的水平分别达到0、96、193、386、764和1582 mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中(250L)进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重3.23±0.06g)25尾。养殖实验过程中,海水盐度为30~34‰,水温28~32℃,溶氧>7mg/L,养殖实验持续9周。实验结果显示,军曹鱼不具有肌醇合成能力,在0～386 mg/kg水平范围内,随着饲料中肌醇含量的升高,实验鱼特定生长率显著升高,当肌醇水平达到或高于386 mg/kg时,各饲料组实验鱼的特定生长率(2.78~2.97%/天)没有显著差异。根据实验结果,以军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率和肝脏肌醇含量分别拟合折线模型,得到军曹鱼幼鱼对饲料中肌醇的需要量为351.0~363.4 mg/kg饲料。
3.研究了军曹鱼幼鱼对泛酸的需要量。以酪蛋白(不含维生素)、明胶、鱼肉浓缩蛋白为蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加0、5、10、20、40和80 mg/kg泛酸,配制出六种实验饲料,使饲料中泛酸的水平分别达到0.12、4.88、9.75、18.47、36.54和74.56 mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中(250L)进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重3.23±0.06g)25尾。养殖实验过程中,海水盐度为30~34‰,水温28~32℃,溶氧>7mg/L,养殖实验持续9周。实验结果显示,在0.12～18.47 mg/kg水平范围内,随着饲料中泛酸含量的升高,实验鱼特定生长率显著升高,当泛酸水平达到或高于18.47mg/kg时,各饲料组实验鱼的特定生长率(2.82~2.95%/天)没有显著差异,而都显著高于饲料泛酸含量低于18.47 mg/kg饲料组的特定生长率(1.13~2.21%/天)(p<0.05)。军曹鱼肝脏泛酸含量、肝脏脂肪含量均与特定生长率有相似的结果。根据实验结果,以军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率和肝脏泛酸含量分别拟合折线模型,得到军曹鱼幼鱼对饲料中泛酸的需要量为16.39~18.87mg/kg饲料。
Feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional physiology of pyridoxine、myo-inositol and pantothenic acid for cobia Rachycentron canadum. The dietary requirements of pyridoxine、myo-inositol and pantothenic acid for juvenile cobia were estimated in indoor culture system. Results of the present study are presented as follows:
1.A 9-week feeding experiment was conducted to quantify the dietary pyridoxine (PN) requirement of juvenile cobia. Basal diet was formulated using vitamin-free casein, gelatin and fish protein concentrate as the protein source. The graded levels of PN ( 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg diet) were added to the basal diets to formulate six experimental diets containing 0.22, 1.89, 3.87, 7.54, 14.75 and 29.88mg PN/kg diet, analyzed by HPLC, respectively. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of cobia in 250L tanks for 9 weeks, and each tank was stocked with 25 fish (initial weight: 3.23±0.06g). The water salinity was from 30‰to 34‰, temperature fluctuated from 28 to 32℃and dissolved oxygen was above 7mg/l. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) have an increasing trend with the increase of dietary pyridoxine (from 0.22 to 3.87mg/kg), but no significant differences were observed among diets containing 3.87mg/kg PN or above. The contents of PN and AST in liver of fish fed diets with 3.87mg/kg were significantly higher than those in fish fed the diets with lower than 3.87mg/kg PN. However, there were no significant differences among diets containing 3.87~29.88mg/kg PN. The contents of PLP and the activities of ALT in the diet with 7.54 mg/kg PN significantly higher than the diets with less than 7.54 mg/kg PN, however, no significant differences were found among diets containing more than 7.54 mg/kg PN. The dietary pyridoxine requirement was estimated to be 3.09~6.87mg/kg by the broken-line model based on the SGR, the hepatic PN, the hepatic PLP, the activities of ALT and AST in fish liver.
2. A 9-week feeding experiment were conducted to determine the dietary inositol requirement of juvenile cobia. Basal diet was formulated using vitamin-free casein, gelatin and fish protein concentrate as the protein source. Inositol was supplemented at 0, 0 + antibiotic (0.5%), 100, 200, 400,800 and 1600 mg/kg diet in the basal diet providing0, 0, 96 193, 386, 764 and 1582 mg/kg diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish, and each tank (250L) was stocked with 25 fish (initial weight: 3.23±0.06g). The water salinity was from 30‰to 34‰, temperature fluctuated from 28 to 32℃and dissolved oxygen was above 7mg/l during the experiment. The results showed that the intestinal microbial synthesis was not a significant source of inositol for juvenile cobia. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with the increasing dietary inositol from 0 to 386mg/kg diet. When the inositol level was or more than 386 mg/kg diet, there was no significant difference in SGR (2.78~2.97%/d) among dietary treatments. Broken-line regression analysis of SGR and liver inositol content showed that juvenile cobia require 351.0~363.4 mg inositol /kg diet.
3. A 9-week feeding experiment was conducted to quantify the dietary pantothenic acid (PA) requirement of juvenile cobia. Basal diet was formulated using vitamin-free casein, gelatin and fish protein concentrate as the protein sources. The graded levels of PA ( 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg diet) were added to the basal diets to formulate six experimental diets containing 0.12、4.88、9.75、18.47、36.54 and 74.56 mg PA/kg diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of cobia in 250L tanks for 9 weeks, and each tank was stocked with 25 fish (initial weight: 3.23±0.06g). The water salinity was from 30‰to 34‰, temperature fluctuated from 28 to 32℃and dissolved oxygen was above 7mg/l. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) have an increasing trend with the increase of dietary PA (from 0.12 to 18.47mg/kg), but no significant differences were observed among diets containing 18.47mg/kg PA or above(2.82~2.95%/day). Hepatic total pantothenic acid concentration (TP)increased with increasing dietary PA up to 18.47 mg/kg (p<0.05), and then leveled off(p>0.05).Hepatic lipid concentration was highest in the pantothenic acid-deficient fish than those of other dietary groups, and no significant differences were observed among the other dietary treatments (p>0.05). On the basis of SGR and TP, the optimum dietary pantothenic acid requirements of cobia were estimated using broken-line regression analysis to be 16.39~18.87mg/kg diet.
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