取向胶原基材料的制备及影响因素的考察
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摘要
胶原作为来源丰富的生物大分子,可以从许多机体组织中进行分离提纯,去除端肽后的胶原可以消除其抗原性,并可用于加工制备成具有良好生物相容性的生物材料。胶原作为细胞外基质的主要成分,广泛存在于哺乳动物的大部分组织和器官中,起支持和保护作用。同时,胶原作为具有生理活性的生物大分子,可参与机体内的多项生理过程,诸如细胞的黏附、增殖、迁移和分化,细胞的信号传导,以及组织的构建和再生等。
胶原在机体多种组织器官中具有取向分布的特点,其取向与组织器官的结构、生物力学性能及生理功能密切相关。组织内胶原纤维取向的破坏会导致组织结构的变化,使其失去原有的生物力学性能,从而影响其正常的生理功能。目前,在修复损伤组织时,为了保持胶原纤维的取向完整性,实现损伤组织更好的修复并与周围组织能更好的融合,已经成为生物材料、组织工程和再生医学研究的方向之一。本研究重点是在体外构建具有明确取向结构的植入材料。
本论文基于对胶原基材料取向构建研究进展的综述,分析了构建过程中影响胶原纤维取向的因素,研究了胶原纤维的形成和风力辅助取向机制,并在制备取向胶原基材料的基础上开展了生物矿化的研究,为胶原基材料的制备、研究和应用提供新的思路和方法。
1、胶原纤维形成机理的研究
选用sigma牛腱Ⅰ型胶原制备胶原溶胀液,首先,对组装前的胶原溶胀液进行表征,红外、紫外、圆二色谱和DSC结果表明,在选定的实验浓度、实验温度范围内,胶原能保持稳定的三螺旋结构。随后,对胶原在PBS缓冲液作用下的自组装过程进行了研究,粒径、紫外和ITC结果表明,胶原的自组装是一个多阶段的复杂过程,原子力显微镜观察结果显示,胶原在PBS缓冲液作用下可以自组装形成具有典型横纹结构的胶原纤维。研究中发现,胶原的自组装过程受浓度、温度、pH值和离子强度等条件的影响,所形成的胶原纤维尺寸及横纹结构会发生变化。
2、胶原基材料取向制备的研究
搭建可控制气流强度、方向、温度的实验装置,考察基底材料表面性质、温度、浓度、气流强度、气流方向、气流作用时间对胶原材料取向的影响,探索气流作用影响下胶原材料的取向机制。通过扫描电镜和原子力显微镜的观察以及利用MATLAB编程分析,本实验所制备的胶原材料胶原纤维具有较好的取向度,同时保持了横纹结构的完整性。
3、胶原生物矿化机制的研究
模拟生物矿化过程,仿生制备胶原矿化材料并进行表征。用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察发现,胶原可以发生一定程度的矿化,形成具有一定分布规律的晶体。选区电子衍射和X射线衍射表征显示,所形成的矿化晶体主要为多晶形态的羟基磷灰石。红外结果显示,在矿化过程中胶原的结构维持相对稳定,没有发生明显的变性。通过原子力显微镜的观察以及利用MATLAB编程分析,本实验所制备的矿化胶原材料中,胶原纤维具有较好的取向度,同时保持了横纹结构的完整性。
As a biomacromolecules, collagen has a rich source in various of tissues which can be separated and purified from these tissues. Removing the telopeptide with antigenicity, collagen can be processed to prepare biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility. Collagen is the predominant component of extracellular matrices existing in all multicellular animals, which can not only maintain structural integrity of tissues and organs, but also participate physiological processes in endosomatic, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and differentiation, signal transduction of cells, tissue construction and regeneration, and so on.
In many tissues and organs, collagen fibers aligned with a special orientation. The orientation of collagen fibers determined the construction features of these tissues and organs, and then affect their biomechanics, performed as a basis for the tissues and organs to execute their physiologic function. The destroy of collagen fiber orientation can result in the destroy of tissue structure, making it lose the intrinsical biomechanics property and influencing the normal physiologic function. At present, when repairing the destroyed tissues, how to maintain the orientation of collagen fibers and realize the reconstruction and fusion of these tissues, has become one of the research directions in biomaterials, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. The main thread is to construct implant materials with the same orientation of target tissue in vitro.
In this thesis, we reviewed the research evolution of the construction of collagen materials with special orientation and analysised some of the influence factors which affect the orientation in the build process of collagen materials. We researched the mechanism of collagen fibers formation and orientation, and carried out biomineralizaion of collagen materials on this basis.
1. Research on collagen fiber formation mechanism
We chose sigma type I collagen from tendon of bovine to prepare collagen solution. First we investigated the physical and chemical properties of collagen. IR, UV, CD and DSC results showed that the characteristic triple helix structure of collagen remain intact with chosen experimental concentration and temperature. Then we investigated the self-assembly of collagen in presence of PBS buffer. The DLS, UV and ITC results showed that the self-assembly of collagen is a complex multistep process. AFM results showed that collagen can assembled into fibers with typical D-period under the effect of PBS buffer. In this research we found that the self-assembly process of collagen could be affected by concentration, temperature, pH, ionic strength and some other factors, the dimension and D-period of collagen fibers changed with the factors above.
2. Research on collagen fibers orientation
We built an experimental facility which can control the air strength, direction and temperature. With this facility we investigated the influence of surface property of substrate material, temperature, concentration, air strength, air direction and air action time on the orientation of collagen fibers, and explored the mechanism of collagen fibers orientation with the effect of air flow. SEM and AFM results showed that in the collagen materials prepared in this research, the collagen fibers aligned in a determinate orientation and the D-period is integral.
3. Research on collagen biomineralization
We simulated the biomineralization of collagen to prepare materials and then carried out representation on them. SEM and AFM results showed that in these materials, collagen could be mineralized in a certain degree and formed crystals distributed regularly. SAED and XRD results showed the crystals were mainly polycrystal hydroxyapatite. IR results showed collagen structure remain stable during the mineralization.
胶原在机体多种组织器官中具有取向分布的特点,其取向与组织器官的结构、生物力学性能及生理功能密切相关。组织内胶原纤维取向的破坏会导致组织结构的变化,使其失去原有的生物力学性能,从而影响其正常的生理功能。目前,在修复损伤组织时,为了保持胶原纤维的取向完整性,实现损伤组织更好的修复并与周围组织能更好的融合,已经成为生物材料、组织工程和再生医学研究的方向之一。本研究重点是在体外构建具有明确取向结构的植入材料。
本论文基于对胶原基材料取向构建研究进展的综述,分析了构建过程中影响胶原纤维取向的因素,研究了胶原纤维的形成和风力辅助取向机制,并在制备取向胶原基材料的基础上开展了生物矿化的研究,为胶原基材料的制备、研究和应用提供新的思路和方法。
1、胶原纤维形成机理的研究
选用sigma牛腱Ⅰ型胶原制备胶原溶胀液,首先,对组装前的胶原溶胀液进行表征,红外、紫外、圆二色谱和DSC结果表明,在选定的实验浓度、实验温度范围内,胶原能保持稳定的三螺旋结构。随后,对胶原在PBS缓冲液作用下的自组装过程进行了研究,粒径、紫外和ITC结果表明,胶原的自组装是一个多阶段的复杂过程,原子力显微镜观察结果显示,胶原在PBS缓冲液作用下可以自组装形成具有典型横纹结构的胶原纤维。研究中发现,胶原的自组装过程受浓度、温度、pH值和离子强度等条件的影响,所形成的胶原纤维尺寸及横纹结构会发生变化。
2、胶原基材料取向制备的研究
搭建可控制气流强度、方向、温度的实验装置,考察基底材料表面性质、温度、浓度、气流强度、气流方向、气流作用时间对胶原材料取向的影响,探索气流作用影响下胶原材料的取向机制。通过扫描电镜和原子力显微镜的观察以及利用MATLAB编程分析,本实验所制备的胶原材料胶原纤维具有较好的取向度,同时保持了横纹结构的完整性。
3、胶原生物矿化机制的研究
模拟生物矿化过程,仿生制备胶原矿化材料并进行表征。用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察发现,胶原可以发生一定程度的矿化,形成具有一定分布规律的晶体。选区电子衍射和X射线衍射表征显示,所形成的矿化晶体主要为多晶形态的羟基磷灰石。红外结果显示,在矿化过程中胶原的结构维持相对稳定,没有发生明显的变性。通过原子力显微镜的观察以及利用MATLAB编程分析,本实验所制备的矿化胶原材料中,胶原纤维具有较好的取向度,同时保持了横纹结构的完整性。
As a biomacromolecules, collagen has a rich source in various of tissues which can be separated and purified from these tissues. Removing the telopeptide with antigenicity, collagen can be processed to prepare biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility. Collagen is the predominant component of extracellular matrices existing in all multicellular animals, which can not only maintain structural integrity of tissues and organs, but also participate physiological processes in endosomatic, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and differentiation, signal transduction of cells, tissue construction and regeneration, and so on.
In many tissues and organs, collagen fibers aligned with a special orientation. The orientation of collagen fibers determined the construction features of these tissues and organs, and then affect their biomechanics, performed as a basis for the tissues and organs to execute their physiologic function. The destroy of collagen fiber orientation can result in the destroy of tissue structure, making it lose the intrinsical biomechanics property and influencing the normal physiologic function. At present, when repairing the destroyed tissues, how to maintain the orientation of collagen fibers and realize the reconstruction and fusion of these tissues, has become one of the research directions in biomaterials, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. The main thread is to construct implant materials with the same orientation of target tissue in vitro.
In this thesis, we reviewed the research evolution of the construction of collagen materials with special orientation and analysised some of the influence factors which affect the orientation in the build process of collagen materials. We researched the mechanism of collagen fibers formation and orientation, and carried out biomineralizaion of collagen materials on this basis.
1. Research on collagen fiber formation mechanism
We chose sigma type I collagen from tendon of bovine to prepare collagen solution. First we investigated the physical and chemical properties of collagen. IR, UV, CD and DSC results showed that the characteristic triple helix structure of collagen remain intact with chosen experimental concentration and temperature. Then we investigated the self-assembly of collagen in presence of PBS buffer. The DLS, UV and ITC results showed that the self-assembly of collagen is a complex multistep process. AFM results showed that collagen can assembled into fibers with typical D-period under the effect of PBS buffer. In this research we found that the self-assembly process of collagen could be affected by concentration, temperature, pH, ionic strength and some other factors, the dimension and D-period of collagen fibers changed with the factors above.
2. Research on collagen fibers orientation
We built an experimental facility which can control the air strength, direction and temperature. With this facility we investigated the influence of surface property of substrate material, temperature, concentration, air strength, air direction and air action time on the orientation of collagen fibers, and explored the mechanism of collagen fibers orientation with the effect of air flow. SEM and AFM results showed that in the collagen materials prepared in this research, the collagen fibers aligned in a determinate orientation and the D-period is integral.
3. Research on collagen biomineralization
We simulated the biomineralization of collagen to prepare materials and then carried out representation on them. SEM and AFM results showed that in these materials, collagen could be mineralized in a certain degree and formed crystals distributed regularly. SAED and XRD results showed the crystals were mainly polycrystal hydroxyapatite. IR results showed collagen structure remain stable during the mineralization.
引文
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