高等级公路景观对行车安全影响的综合评价与仿真
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摘要
随着高等级公路的发展,道路交通安全越来越受到人们的关注和重视。本文适应国家对交通安全保障技术研究的需求,以吉林省交通科技发展计划项目(3L1057822417)《交通环境对道路安全影响的研究》为依托,研究高等级公路景观对道路行车安全影响的评价方法。
通过系统分析,本文将高等级公路景观和安全系统分为道路全线和危险路段/点两个层次。为科学评价道路全线景观对行车安全的影响,首先建立了评价指标体系,结合模糊评价与熵权系数方法,提出了一种新的指标权重计算方法——模糊熵权系数法;然后利用专家评价与模糊一致矩阵方法在定性和定量评价方面的优势,通过加权算术平均方法建立了定性与定量结合的综合评价方法。针对高等级公路危险路段/点,在分析各种道路黑点识别模型和方法基础上建立了基于景观影响的危险路段/点识别几何关系模型,结合车辆模型、驾驶员模型、景观模型、道路模型等仿真模型,在明确了仿真流程后,利用Visual Basic语言编写了仿真程序并实现了对高等级公路危险路段/点的仿真。
利用本文所建立的针对高等级公路景观对道路行车安全影响的两个不同层次的评价方法,对吉林省“安二”公路景观对道路行车安全的影响进行了评价。评价结果表明吉林省“安二”公路道路全线安全等级为“一般”。对一些特殊危险点进行仿真评价后提出了该公路景观安全性改善措施。
景观对道路安全影响的模糊性、长期性致使其不易识别和判断,本文建立的高等级公路景观对道路行车安全影响的评价方法对道路环境和安全关系领域的研究提供了重要的借鉴意义和理论参考。
With the development of High-grade Highway, more and more road accidents happened, which leads more people’s attention. Transportation workers try to change the actuality of road traffic safety. they focus on the following fields: analyzing the cause of accident, evaluating the safety level of road, proposing the measure of improving driving safety. There are many factors which can leads road accident, some of them are studied separately, and a lot of measures are proposed; but there is few researchers focus on road landscape. For adapting the requirement of traffic safety technology, in this thesis we focus on the evaluation method for the impact of High-grade Highway landscape on driving safety.
With the help of system engineering methodology, road safety and landscape of High-grade Highway are considered as a system, and this system is divided to two subsystem, they are line-level subsystem and point-level subsystem. Line-level subsystem is composed by the landscape and safety factors of the whole road; and point-level subsystem is someplace where there is potential danger of the landscape and driving safety.
To evaluate a system, there must have perfect index system and reasonable evaluation method. In this thesis, the way to build the evaluation index system for road landscape impact driving safety is described; a new calculation method to calculate the value of evaluation factors, named fuzzy-entropy-weights method, is developed. Expert evaluation method is a useful qualitative evaluation method, and fuzzy consistent matrix method is a useful quantitative assessment method, full use of the advantages of these two methods, with the help of weighed arithmetic average method, a synthetic evaluation method is built.
Comprehensive evaluation method which is established in this thesis can evaluate the integrated effect of landscape impacting the road traffic safety along the whole road. But if want to put forward the specific road traffic safety improvement measures, it must be do that evaluating the safety level of dangerous section/point. Identifying methods of the dangerous section/point are analyzed in the thesis.
Through analyzing the dangerous section/point, we aware that sight distance model is the foundation theory and important tools for put forward the improvement measures. In this thesis, using sight distance theory of vehicle traveling, according the characteristic and geometry relationship of dangerous section/point, sight calculation model was built, which is about the road landscape impact on vehicle traveling.
The value will be realized when the theoretical model is applied, and simulation method is a feasible and availability way to evaluate the effect of road landscape impact on the vehicle traveling. The following things are all described in this thesis, they are: foundation process of vehicle model, driver model, landscape model and road model, amending method of the model in simulation program, design method of flow of simulation procedure, compile process of simulation procedure. The sight calculation model was established in the former chapter, and it is used in the simulation procedure, which is compiled by Visual Basic, and realized the simulation and evaluation of landscape impact on the vehicle traveling.
After detailed investigating“An-er”road of Jili province, analyzing the status of the landscape and road safety, built index system used to evaluate landscape impact on vehicle traveling safety; the whole road is divided to 12 parts using the road dividing technology which is built in this thesis, and was evaluated, the result showed that the rank of“An-er”road is“general”. Choose four dangerous section/point which have extrude characteristic in“An-er”road, use the simulation procedure to simulate these four dangerous section/point, compared the simulation result and survey result, provide the measure to decrease the affect of road landscape to safety of“An-er”road.
Landscape impact on driving safety is faintness, long-term; the comprehensive evaluation method established in this thesis, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods, can overcome those problems. Simulation evaluation method can transfer a long-term impact to a relatively short time, and get the simulation results to realize the evaluation. Evaluation Method for the Impact of High-grade Highway landscape on driving safety established in this thesis can be as an important reference.
通过系统分析,本文将高等级公路景观和安全系统分为道路全线和危险路段/点两个层次。为科学评价道路全线景观对行车安全的影响,首先建立了评价指标体系,结合模糊评价与熵权系数方法,提出了一种新的指标权重计算方法——模糊熵权系数法;然后利用专家评价与模糊一致矩阵方法在定性和定量评价方面的优势,通过加权算术平均方法建立了定性与定量结合的综合评价方法。针对高等级公路危险路段/点,在分析各种道路黑点识别模型和方法基础上建立了基于景观影响的危险路段/点识别几何关系模型,结合车辆模型、驾驶员模型、景观模型、道路模型等仿真模型,在明确了仿真流程后,利用Visual Basic语言编写了仿真程序并实现了对高等级公路危险路段/点的仿真。
利用本文所建立的针对高等级公路景观对道路行车安全影响的两个不同层次的评价方法,对吉林省“安二”公路景观对道路行车安全的影响进行了评价。评价结果表明吉林省“安二”公路道路全线安全等级为“一般”。对一些特殊危险点进行仿真评价后提出了该公路景观安全性改善措施。
景观对道路安全影响的模糊性、长期性致使其不易识别和判断,本文建立的高等级公路景观对道路行车安全影响的评价方法对道路环境和安全关系领域的研究提供了重要的借鉴意义和理论参考。
With the development of High-grade Highway, more and more road accidents happened, which leads more people’s attention. Transportation workers try to change the actuality of road traffic safety. they focus on the following fields: analyzing the cause of accident, evaluating the safety level of road, proposing the measure of improving driving safety. There are many factors which can leads road accident, some of them are studied separately, and a lot of measures are proposed; but there is few researchers focus on road landscape. For adapting the requirement of traffic safety technology, in this thesis we focus on the evaluation method for the impact of High-grade Highway landscape on driving safety.
With the help of system engineering methodology, road safety and landscape of High-grade Highway are considered as a system, and this system is divided to two subsystem, they are line-level subsystem and point-level subsystem. Line-level subsystem is composed by the landscape and safety factors of the whole road; and point-level subsystem is someplace where there is potential danger of the landscape and driving safety.
To evaluate a system, there must have perfect index system and reasonable evaluation method. In this thesis, the way to build the evaluation index system for road landscape impact driving safety is described; a new calculation method to calculate the value of evaluation factors, named fuzzy-entropy-weights method, is developed. Expert evaluation method is a useful qualitative evaluation method, and fuzzy consistent matrix method is a useful quantitative assessment method, full use of the advantages of these two methods, with the help of weighed arithmetic average method, a synthetic evaluation method is built.
Comprehensive evaluation method which is established in this thesis can evaluate the integrated effect of landscape impacting the road traffic safety along the whole road. But if want to put forward the specific road traffic safety improvement measures, it must be do that evaluating the safety level of dangerous section/point. Identifying methods of the dangerous section/point are analyzed in the thesis.
Through analyzing the dangerous section/point, we aware that sight distance model is the foundation theory and important tools for put forward the improvement measures. In this thesis, using sight distance theory of vehicle traveling, according the characteristic and geometry relationship of dangerous section/point, sight calculation model was built, which is about the road landscape impact on vehicle traveling.
The value will be realized when the theoretical model is applied, and simulation method is a feasible and availability way to evaluate the effect of road landscape impact on the vehicle traveling. The following things are all described in this thesis, they are: foundation process of vehicle model, driver model, landscape model and road model, amending method of the model in simulation program, design method of flow of simulation procedure, compile process of simulation procedure. The sight calculation model was established in the former chapter, and it is used in the simulation procedure, which is compiled by Visual Basic, and realized the simulation and evaluation of landscape impact on the vehicle traveling.
After detailed investigating“An-er”road of Jili province, analyzing the status of the landscape and road safety, built index system used to evaluate landscape impact on vehicle traveling safety; the whole road is divided to 12 parts using the road dividing technology which is built in this thesis, and was evaluated, the result showed that the rank of“An-er”road is“general”. Choose four dangerous section/point which have extrude characteristic in“An-er”road, use the simulation procedure to simulate these four dangerous section/point, compared the simulation result and survey result, provide the measure to decrease the affect of road landscape to safety of“An-er”road.
Landscape impact on driving safety is faintness, long-term; the comprehensive evaluation method established in this thesis, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods, can overcome those problems. Simulation evaluation method can transfer a long-term impact to a relatively short time, and get the simulation results to realize the evaluation. Evaluation Method for the Impact of High-grade Highway landscape on driving safety established in this thesis can be as an important reference.
引文
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