基于信牌驱动模型的工作流动态仿真和模型分析
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摘要
目前,为企业业务流程提供建模、管理和集成、仿真分析与优化的工作流管理技术受到了广泛的关注和应用。但是,很少有工作流产品为建模人员提供全面的工作流仿真分析功能来验证、诊断和优化过程模型,从而为企业业务流程重组和优化提供更有效的支持。
工作流模型的能力分析以及正确性验证的方式可分为静态分析和动态仿真两种。其中工作流动态仿真由于实用性,在工作流管理技术的研究与实践中受到越来越多的关注。本文系统地介绍了工作流动态仿真的基本概念与基本理论,侧重研究通过动态仿真手段对业务流程进行测试与分析,验证流程在适当的时间,由适当的参与者做适当的工作。针对仿真过程中的几个关键问题——设置仿真环境、事件表的生成及活动仿真时间的计算做了较为深入的研究,并提出了工作流模型仿真系统的体系结构和工作流模型综合分析、评价指标。通过设定仿真参数,仿真引擎自动模拟活动的执行,并在最后为用户提供所需的仿真报表。用户在这些统计数据的基础上进一步分析和评价工作流过程模型的各项性能,进而通过改进得到一个较优的过程模型,从而为企业业务过程持续改进提供支持。
“面向流程管理的软件生产线”是一个国家“863”重点项目,我所在实验室承担了其中一部分的工作,而我所参与的项目团队负责设计并实现一个基于信牌驱动模型的工作流仿真系统,这也是这篇论文的基础和依据。
Nowadays, workflow management technology, which supports business process modeling, management, integration, simulation analysis and optimization, is applied widely. However, few workflow products provide modeling engineer with simulation analysis function to verify, diagnose and optimize business process model so as to sustain business process reengineering and optimizing.
The mode to analyzing capability and verifying correctness of workflow model is divided in static inspection and dynamic simulation. Because of its practicality, workflow dynamic simulation is attracting more and more attention in workflow management technology research and practice. The thesis introduces the basic concept and the theory of the workflow dynamic simulation, focusing on the adoption of process by means of dynamic simulation for testing and analysis, verification business process at the right time, by the appropriate participants to do the right thing. Especially the paper study several key problems in processsimulation——setting up simulation environment, generating event table, calculating activitysimulation time. We study workflow simulation and bring forward architecture of workflow model simulation system and workflow model analysis and evaluation indicators. Simulation engine automatically simulates activity execution and pushes simulation model under the simulation environment set by users. Finally, several kinds of simulation reports are provided for users to analyze performance indexes of this process model, and then to help users get a better process model so as to support enterprise business process improvement.
"Process management oriented software production line" is a national "863" key project. My laboratory undertakes part of the works and my team has responsibility to design and implement workflow simulation system based on XinPai driven workflow model, this is the foundation and basis for the papers.
工作流模型的能力分析以及正确性验证的方式可分为静态分析和动态仿真两种。其中工作流动态仿真由于实用性,在工作流管理技术的研究与实践中受到越来越多的关注。本文系统地介绍了工作流动态仿真的基本概念与基本理论,侧重研究通过动态仿真手段对业务流程进行测试与分析,验证流程在适当的时间,由适当的参与者做适当的工作。针对仿真过程中的几个关键问题——设置仿真环境、事件表的生成及活动仿真时间的计算做了较为深入的研究,并提出了工作流模型仿真系统的体系结构和工作流模型综合分析、评价指标。通过设定仿真参数,仿真引擎自动模拟活动的执行,并在最后为用户提供所需的仿真报表。用户在这些统计数据的基础上进一步分析和评价工作流过程模型的各项性能,进而通过改进得到一个较优的过程模型,从而为企业业务过程持续改进提供支持。
“面向流程管理的软件生产线”是一个国家“863”重点项目,我所在实验室承担了其中一部分的工作,而我所参与的项目团队负责设计并实现一个基于信牌驱动模型的工作流仿真系统,这也是这篇论文的基础和依据。
Nowadays, workflow management technology, which supports business process modeling, management, integration, simulation analysis and optimization, is applied widely. However, few workflow products provide modeling engineer with simulation analysis function to verify, diagnose and optimize business process model so as to sustain business process reengineering and optimizing.
The mode to analyzing capability and verifying correctness of workflow model is divided in static inspection and dynamic simulation. Because of its practicality, workflow dynamic simulation is attracting more and more attention in workflow management technology research and practice. The thesis introduces the basic concept and the theory of the workflow dynamic simulation, focusing on the adoption of process by means of dynamic simulation for testing and analysis, verification business process at the right time, by the appropriate participants to do the right thing. Especially the paper study several key problems in processsimulation——setting up simulation environment, generating event table, calculating activitysimulation time. We study workflow simulation and bring forward architecture of workflow model simulation system and workflow model analysis and evaluation indicators. Simulation engine automatically simulates activity execution and pushes simulation model under the simulation environment set by users. Finally, several kinds of simulation reports are provided for users to analyze performance indexes of this process model, and then to help users get a better process model so as to support enterprise business process improvement.
"Process management oriented software production line" is a national "863" key project. My laboratory undertakes part of the works and my team has responsibility to design and implement workflow simulation system based on XinPai driven workflow model, this is the foundation and basis for the papers.
引文
[1]岳柳青.柔性工作流建模及动态修改仿真研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006
[2]张浩,陈炳森等.WINDOWS环境下柔性制造系统的PETRI网建模及仿真[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,1994,10:32-34
[3]曹化工,杨曼红.基于对象Petri网的工作流过程定义[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(1)
[4]饶冬青,李晓欧,徐心和.基于面向对象着色Petri网FMS仿真软件[J].系统仿真学报,1999,11(2):46-49
[5]乔非,严隽薇,吴启迪等.基于高级Petri网的BPR过程建模与仿真[J].控制与决策,2001,16(2):29-31
[6]朱敏如,严洪参.客车装配线的Petri网建模及其面向对象仿真方法的实现[J].工业控制计算机,2000,13(4):47-49
[7]吴祚宝,吴澄,熊光楞.面向对象的FMS仿真软件重用研究[J].系统仿真学报,1996,8(3)
[8]范玉顺,张军.面向对象的Petri网方法及其在软件工程中的应用[J].计算机应用,1998,18(5):15-18
[9]宋本基,郑鹏,喻宏斌等.用面向对象方法实现基于Petri网的FMS动态调度仿真[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,1999,20(1):50-53
[10]罗雪山.基于对象Petri网的离散事件系统建模仿真环境(OPMSE)[J].计算机仿真,2000,17(3)
[11]隋杰,于华,焦建彬.基于工作流的模具敏捷制造过程的Petri网建模[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7(8):33-35
[12]林慧苹,范玉顺,吴澄.支持企业经营过程重组的工作流仿真技术研究[J].信息与控制,2001,30(1)
[13]陈胜,程景云.基于Petri网的工作流建模及仿真[J].计算机辅助工程,2000,1:50-53
[14]范玉顺等.工作流管理技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,施普林格出版社 2001
[15]范玉顺,吴澄,王刚等.集成化企业建模方法与工具系统研究[J].计算机集成制造系统CIMS.2000,6(3):1-5
[16]罗海滨,范玉顺,吴澄.工作流技术综述[J].软件学报.2000,11(7):899-907
[17]WfMC.Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glossary[R].Brussels:Workflow Management Coalition,1996
[18]WfMC.The Workflow Reference Model[R].Hampshire:Workflow Management Coalition,1995
[19]Mohan C.Recent Trends in Workflow Management Products,Standards and Research [EB/OL].http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfnato97.ps
[20]Alonso.G,Agrawal.D,Abbadi EI A,et al.Functionality and Limitations of Current Workflow Management System[R].
[21]Rusinkiewicz M.Sheth A.Specification and execution of transactional workflow In WomKimed[J].Modem Database systems,1995
[22]W.M.P van der Aalst.How to handle dynamic change and capture management information[EB/OL],http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/vanderaalast99.html
[23]周建涛,史美林,叶新铭.工作流过程建模中的形式化验证技术[J].计算机研究与发展.2005,42(1)
[24]W.M.P van der Aalst.The application of Petri nets to workflow management[J].The Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers.1998,8(1):21-66
[25]Finite State Machine[EB/OL].http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/finiteStateMachine.html
[26]Rik Eshuis,Roel Wieringa.Tool Support for Verifying UML Activity Diagrams[J],IEEE Trans,Software Eng.2004,30(7):205-209
[27]W.M.P van der Aalst.Formalization and verification of event-driven process chains[J].Information and Software Technology.1999,41(10):88-91
[28]W.M.P van der Aalst,Weske M.Business Process Management:A Survey In Proceedings of Intemational Conference on Business Process Management(BPM 2003)[R].Netherlands:2003
[29]Murata T.Petri nets:properties,analysis and application[J].In Proceedings of the IEEE,1989,77(4):541-580
[30]Molloy M K.Performance analysis using stochastic Petri nets[J].IEEE Trans,On Computers,1982,31(9):913-917
[31]Lin C,Marinescu D.C.Stochastic high-level Petri nets and application[J].IEEE Trans,On Computers,1988,37(7):815-825
[32]Tsai J J P,Yang S J,Chang Y H.Timing Constraint Petri Nets and Their Application to Schedulability Analysis of Real-Time System Specifications[J].IEEE Trans,On Software Engineering,1995,21(1):32-49
[33]Looney C G.Fuzzy Petri Nets for Rule-Based Decision-making[J].IEEE Trans,On Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1988,18(1)
[34]M.Menasche,B.Berthomieu.Time Petri nets for analyzing and verifying time dependent communication protocols[J].Protocol Specification,Testing and Verification,Elsevier Science,1983,32(3):161-172
[35]LM Kristensen,S.Christensen,K.Jensen.The Practitioner's Guide to Colored Petri Nets[J].Intemational Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer,1998,2(2):98-132
[36]Yang Kyu Lee,Sung Joo Park.OPNets:an object-oriented high-level Petri net model for real-time system modeling.Journal of Systems and Software,1993,20(1):69-86
[37]M Ajmone Marsan,G Balbo,A Bobbio,et al.The effect of execution Policies on the semantics and analysis of stochastic Petri nets.IEEE Tran,On Software Engineering.1989,15(7):832-846
[38]W.M.P van der Aalst.Petri-net-based Workflow Management Software[R].Proceedings of the NFS Workshop on Workflow and Process Automation in Information Systems.Athens:Geogia,1996
[39]W.M.P van der Aalst,Kees van Hee,Workflow Management:Models,Methods and Systems[M].USA:MIT Press,2002,45-48
[40]H.M.W.Verbeek,T.Basten,W.M.P van der Aalst.Diagnosing Workflow Processes using Woflan[J].British Computer Society,2001:246-279
[41]岳晓丽,杨斌,郝克刚.信牌驱动式工作流计算模型[J].计算机研究与发展,2000,12:1513-1519
[42]熊光楞,肖田元,张燕云.连续系统仿真与离散事件系统仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991
[43]贺仁睦.电力系统动态仿真准确度的探究[J].电网技术,2000,24(12):1-4
[44]James T L.A Petri net-based integrated control and scheduling scheme for flexible manufacturing cells[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing System,1997,10(2):109-122
[45]幸研.敏捷制造环境下质量保证系统重构技术的研究[D].南京:东南大学,2002
[46]乔非,吴启迪,严隽薇.FMS实时生产过程仿真与实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,1998,(2)
[47]傅谦,张申生,张晓光.基于P_PROCE模型的工作流仿真研究.计算机科学,2003,30(1)
[48]Kim.K,Han.D.Performance and scalability analysis on client-server workflow architecture[EB/OL],http://intl.ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplores/VSearch.jsp
[49]Son.J.H,Kim.M.H.Improving the performance of time-constrained workflow processing[J].Journal of Systems and Software,2000,58(3):121-124
[50]林慧苹,范玉顺,吴澄.基于工作流技术的企业业务过程评价方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7
[51]陈禹六.先进制造运行模式[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[52]江婉婷,张莉.企事业过程模型的分析及支持技术[J].计算机工程与应用,2001,12
[2]张浩,陈炳森等.WINDOWS环境下柔性制造系统的PETRI网建模及仿真[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,1994,10:32-34
[3]曹化工,杨曼红.基于对象Petri网的工作流过程定义[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(1)
[4]饶冬青,李晓欧,徐心和.基于面向对象着色Petri网FMS仿真软件[J].系统仿真学报,1999,11(2):46-49
[5]乔非,严隽薇,吴启迪等.基于高级Petri网的BPR过程建模与仿真[J].控制与决策,2001,16(2):29-31
[6]朱敏如,严洪参.客车装配线的Petri网建模及其面向对象仿真方法的实现[J].工业控制计算机,2000,13(4):47-49
[7]吴祚宝,吴澄,熊光楞.面向对象的FMS仿真软件重用研究[J].系统仿真学报,1996,8(3)
[8]范玉顺,张军.面向对象的Petri网方法及其在软件工程中的应用[J].计算机应用,1998,18(5):15-18
[9]宋本基,郑鹏,喻宏斌等.用面向对象方法实现基于Petri网的FMS动态调度仿真[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,1999,20(1):50-53
[10]罗雪山.基于对象Petri网的离散事件系统建模仿真环境(OPMSE)[J].计算机仿真,2000,17(3)
[11]隋杰,于华,焦建彬.基于工作流的模具敏捷制造过程的Petri网建模[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7(8):33-35
[12]林慧苹,范玉顺,吴澄.支持企业经营过程重组的工作流仿真技术研究[J].信息与控制,2001,30(1)
[13]陈胜,程景云.基于Petri网的工作流建模及仿真[J].计算机辅助工程,2000,1:50-53
[14]范玉顺等.工作流管理技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,施普林格出版社 2001
[15]范玉顺,吴澄,王刚等.集成化企业建模方法与工具系统研究[J].计算机集成制造系统CIMS.2000,6(3):1-5
[16]罗海滨,范玉顺,吴澄.工作流技术综述[J].软件学报.2000,11(7):899-907
[17]WfMC.Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glossary[R].Brussels:Workflow Management Coalition,1996
[18]WfMC.The Workflow Reference Model[R].Hampshire:Workflow Management Coalition,1995
[19]Mohan C.Recent Trends in Workflow Management Products,Standards and Research [EB/OL].http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfnato97.ps
[20]Alonso.G,Agrawal.D,Abbadi EI A,et al.Functionality and Limitations of Current Workflow Management System[R].
[21]Rusinkiewicz M.Sheth A.Specification and execution of transactional workflow In WomKimed[J].Modem Database systems,1995
[22]W.M.P van der Aalst.How to handle dynamic change and capture management information[EB/OL],http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/vanderaalast99.html
[23]周建涛,史美林,叶新铭.工作流过程建模中的形式化验证技术[J].计算机研究与发展.2005,42(1)
[24]W.M.P van der Aalst.The application of Petri nets to workflow management[J].The Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers.1998,8(1):21-66
[25]Finite State Machine[EB/OL].http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/finiteStateMachine.html
[26]Rik Eshuis,Roel Wieringa.Tool Support for Verifying UML Activity Diagrams[J],IEEE Trans,Software Eng.2004,30(7):205-209
[27]W.M.P van der Aalst.Formalization and verification of event-driven process chains[J].Information and Software Technology.1999,41(10):88-91
[28]W.M.P van der Aalst,Weske M.Business Process Management:A Survey In Proceedings of Intemational Conference on Business Process Management(BPM 2003)[R].Netherlands:2003
[29]Murata T.Petri nets:properties,analysis and application[J].In Proceedings of the IEEE,1989,77(4):541-580
[30]Molloy M K.Performance analysis using stochastic Petri nets[J].IEEE Trans,On Computers,1982,31(9):913-917
[31]Lin C,Marinescu D.C.Stochastic high-level Petri nets and application[J].IEEE Trans,On Computers,1988,37(7):815-825
[32]Tsai J J P,Yang S J,Chang Y H.Timing Constraint Petri Nets and Their Application to Schedulability Analysis of Real-Time System Specifications[J].IEEE Trans,On Software Engineering,1995,21(1):32-49
[33]Looney C G.Fuzzy Petri Nets for Rule-Based Decision-making[J].IEEE Trans,On Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1988,18(1)
[34]M.Menasche,B.Berthomieu.Time Petri nets for analyzing and verifying time dependent communication protocols[J].Protocol Specification,Testing and Verification,Elsevier Science,1983,32(3):161-172
[35]LM Kristensen,S.Christensen,K.Jensen.The Practitioner's Guide to Colored Petri Nets[J].Intemational Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer,1998,2(2):98-132
[36]Yang Kyu Lee,Sung Joo Park.OPNets:an object-oriented high-level Petri net model for real-time system modeling.Journal of Systems and Software,1993,20(1):69-86
[37]M Ajmone Marsan,G Balbo,A Bobbio,et al.The effect of execution Policies on the semantics and analysis of stochastic Petri nets.IEEE Tran,On Software Engineering.1989,15(7):832-846
[38]W.M.P van der Aalst.Petri-net-based Workflow Management Software[R].Proceedings of the NFS Workshop on Workflow and Process Automation in Information Systems.Athens:Geogia,1996
[39]W.M.P van der Aalst,Kees van Hee,Workflow Management:Models,Methods and Systems[M].USA:MIT Press,2002,45-48
[40]H.M.W.Verbeek,T.Basten,W.M.P van der Aalst.Diagnosing Workflow Processes using Woflan[J].British Computer Society,2001:246-279
[41]岳晓丽,杨斌,郝克刚.信牌驱动式工作流计算模型[J].计算机研究与发展,2000,12:1513-1519
[42]熊光楞,肖田元,张燕云.连续系统仿真与离散事件系统仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991
[43]贺仁睦.电力系统动态仿真准确度的探究[J].电网技术,2000,24(12):1-4
[44]James T L.A Petri net-based integrated control and scheduling scheme for flexible manufacturing cells[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing System,1997,10(2):109-122
[45]幸研.敏捷制造环境下质量保证系统重构技术的研究[D].南京:东南大学,2002
[46]乔非,吴启迪,严隽薇.FMS实时生产过程仿真与实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,1998,(2)
[47]傅谦,张申生,张晓光.基于P_PROCE模型的工作流仿真研究.计算机科学,2003,30(1)
[48]Kim.K,Han.D.Performance and scalability analysis on client-server workflow architecture[EB/OL],http://intl.ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplores/VSearch.jsp
[49]Son.J.H,Kim.M.H.Improving the performance of time-constrained workflow processing[J].Journal of Systems and Software,2000,58(3):121-124
[50]林慧苹,范玉顺,吴澄.基于工作流技术的企业业务过程评价方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7
[51]陈禹六.先进制造运行模式[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[52]江婉婷,张莉.企事业过程模型的分析及支持技术[J].计算机工程与应用,2001,12