基于GIS洪水演进的集成与开发
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摘要
我国是洪水灾害严重的国家,但目前我国江河防洪整体水平偏低。随着具有独特空间处理和分析功能的地理信息系统(GIS)的发展与进步,其在防洪减灾、灾害评估、洪涝灾害风险分析与区划、城市防洪等方面发挥越来越重要的作用,从而洪水演进模型和GIS及RS的结合成为一个必然的趋势。本文在阅读大量参考文献和数次开发地理信息系统软件实践的基础上,对GIS与洪水演进模型集成进行探讨,并构建基于GIS的洪水演进应用系统。主要工作如下:
1.根据应用需求,对GIS与洪水演进集成系统进行总体设计,包括确立设计目标、原则、系统结构框架、系统技术路线、系统功能模块(地图管理、洪水计算、结果管理、查询显示、淹没分析和系统管理)等,初步构建GIS与洪水演进集成系统。
2.数据库设计方面采用第三代面向对象数据库Geodatabase,对空间数据和属性数据进行一体化存储。
3.通过GIS与应用模型结合方式分析,针对目前GIS与应用模型结合层次、水平不太高的现状,对GIS与洪水演进模型集成进行探讨,采用动态链接库技术和组件部件式集成技术对GIS和洪水演进模型进行紧密耦合,其中GIS平台开发部分采用地理信息系统组件ArcGIS Engine和高级程序开发语言Visual Studio 2005之C#进行联合开发,模型部分采用动态链接库技术把其封装成.dll文件,可在GIS平台下直接调用;并探讨集成过程中出现的数据获取、处理、存储与管理等问题。
4.以东平湖蓄滞洪区为例,对其百年一遇洪水过程进行模拟,详细地介绍本系统在洪水查询、显示、分析、模拟等方面的应用。
GIS与洪水演进模型集成既可利用GIS强大的空间查询、处理和分析功能又可利用模型强大的数值计算模拟功能,系统集二者之所长。这样可以了解洪水的产生、发展、运动的全过程,研究洪水运动规律,掌握洪水习性,进而为蓄滞洪区的防洪决策、洪涝灾情评估,抢险救灾、制定洪水风险图等提供及时准确的信息。
Flood is a severe natural disaster in our country, but the overall capability of flood control nationwide is still on the low side. Along with the development and advancement of Geography Information System characterized of special functions on its spatial process and analysis, it increasingly plays an important role in preventing and reducing flood, disaster evaluation, flood risk analysis and regionalization, urban flood control and so on, which makes it an inevitable trend for the food routing model combining with GIS and RS. It is not satisfactory due to a great number of factors in existence at present. The paper discusses the integration of GIS and flood routing model on the basis of a great lot reference and literature and GIS software development's experience, and build up their application system. The main work in the paper is as follows:
1. In accordance with users' demand, general design for the integration system of GIS and flood routing is put forward, including the goal, principle, frame of structure, guideline of technology, and function modules, etc., primarily constructing the Integration System Platform of GIS and flood routing model.
2. Third generation object-oriented database Geodatabase is utilized to store the special data and attribute data all together.
3. With the analysis of integration between GIS and application model, aiming at the low level of current integration, discussion has been carried out for the integration of GIS and flood routing model. The Dynamic Link Library and Component GIS are adopted to tightly couple GIS with flood routing model. GIS platform uses ArcGIS Engine and C# of Visual Studio 2005.The model is encapsulated into .dll file, which can be transferred on GIS platform. Data acquisition, processing, storage and management in integration process are explored.
4. Simulate flood of occurring averagely once in one hundred years in Dongping Lake Flood as an example, and in details introduce the application of the integration system in query, display, analysis and simulation and so on.
The integration system can utilize powerful query, process and analysis of GIS and numerical calculation and simulation of flood model which can make understand of the entire course of flood emergence, development and movement, and study the flood movement and behavior, then provide timely and accurate information for decision-making, evaluating the situation of flood, dealing with emergency and constituting flood risk plan.
1.根据应用需求,对GIS与洪水演进集成系统进行总体设计,包括确立设计目标、原则、系统结构框架、系统技术路线、系统功能模块(地图管理、洪水计算、结果管理、查询显示、淹没分析和系统管理)等,初步构建GIS与洪水演进集成系统。
2.数据库设计方面采用第三代面向对象数据库Geodatabase,对空间数据和属性数据进行一体化存储。
3.通过GIS与应用模型结合方式分析,针对目前GIS与应用模型结合层次、水平不太高的现状,对GIS与洪水演进模型集成进行探讨,采用动态链接库技术和组件部件式集成技术对GIS和洪水演进模型进行紧密耦合,其中GIS平台开发部分采用地理信息系统组件ArcGIS Engine和高级程序开发语言Visual Studio 2005之C#进行联合开发,模型部分采用动态链接库技术把其封装成.dll文件,可在GIS平台下直接调用;并探讨集成过程中出现的数据获取、处理、存储与管理等问题。
4.以东平湖蓄滞洪区为例,对其百年一遇洪水过程进行模拟,详细地介绍本系统在洪水查询、显示、分析、模拟等方面的应用。
GIS与洪水演进模型集成既可利用GIS强大的空间查询、处理和分析功能又可利用模型强大的数值计算模拟功能,系统集二者之所长。这样可以了解洪水的产生、发展、运动的全过程,研究洪水运动规律,掌握洪水习性,进而为蓄滞洪区的防洪决策、洪涝灾情评估,抢险救灾、制定洪水风险图等提供及时准确的信息。
Flood is a severe natural disaster in our country, but the overall capability of flood control nationwide is still on the low side. Along with the development and advancement of Geography Information System characterized of special functions on its spatial process and analysis, it increasingly plays an important role in preventing and reducing flood, disaster evaluation, flood risk analysis and regionalization, urban flood control and so on, which makes it an inevitable trend for the food routing model combining with GIS and RS. It is not satisfactory due to a great number of factors in existence at present. The paper discusses the integration of GIS and flood routing model on the basis of a great lot reference and literature and GIS software development's experience, and build up their application system. The main work in the paper is as follows:
1. In accordance with users' demand, general design for the integration system of GIS and flood routing is put forward, including the goal, principle, frame of structure, guideline of technology, and function modules, etc., primarily constructing the Integration System Platform of GIS and flood routing model.
2. Third generation object-oriented database Geodatabase is utilized to store the special data and attribute data all together.
3. With the analysis of integration between GIS and application model, aiming at the low level of current integration, discussion has been carried out for the integration of GIS and flood routing model. The Dynamic Link Library and Component GIS are adopted to tightly couple GIS with flood routing model. GIS platform uses ArcGIS Engine and C# of Visual Studio 2005.The model is encapsulated into .dll file, which can be transferred on GIS platform. Data acquisition, processing, storage and management in integration process are explored.
4. Simulate flood of occurring averagely once in one hundred years in Dongping Lake Flood as an example, and in details introduce the application of the integration system in query, display, analysis and simulation and so on.
The integration system can utilize powerful query, process and analysis of GIS and numerical calculation and simulation of flood model which can make understand of the entire course of flood emergence, development and movement, and study the flood movement and behavior, then provide timely and accurate information for decision-making, evaluating the situation of flood, dealing with emergency and constituting flood risk plan.
引文
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[3]Bing xian Chert,Rong Zhao.Establishment of flood routing model of floodplain based on GIS-a case of upper Caoe River Basin.Understanding of Earth Environment,International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,1993,1558-1560.
[4]曹志芳,李义天.蓄滞洪区平面二维干河床洪水演进数值模拟.应用基础与工程科学学报,2001,9(1):75-79.
[5]万洪涛,周成虎,吴应湘,万庆.黄河下游花园口-夹河滩河段二维洪水模拟.水科学进展,2002,13(2):215-222.
[6]陆宇红.GIS技术在洪水演进系统建设中的应用[J].测绘科学.2004,29(7):117-119.
[7]De Roo A P J,Wesseling C G,Van Deursen W P A.Physically-based river basin modeling within a GIS:the LISFLOOD model.Proceedings of Geo Computation 98.1998.
[8]Sui D Z.GIS-based urban modeling:Practices,problems,and prospects.International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences,1998,12:651-671.
[9]徐大海,朱蓉,潘在桃.城市扩散模式与二氧化硫排放总量控制方法的研究.中国环境科学.1990,10(4):309-313.
[10]孙庆珍.GIS与环境模型集成及应用研究[D].2006.
[11]邵立国.SD-GIS集成模型在城市交通规划环境评价的应用研究[D].2006.
[12]庚庆斋.基于GIS的水质模型集成研究及水环境信息管理系统开发[D].河海大学,2004.
[13]遥感专业委员会.RS与GIS在水利行业的应用与展望.中国水利.2004,11:49-51.
[14]张红梅,方彦军,李义天.基于G工S技术的泥沙淤积分析系统研究.武汉大学学,2003,36(4):40-430.
[15]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,黄丽,张光远.GIS支持下三峡库区典型小流域土壤养分流失量预测.水土保持学报,2003,15(1):9-12.
[16]陈明.基于GIS技术的湿地洪水演进仿真模块的开发[D].2005.
[17]张彦召,董杰,韩敏.在基于GIS的洪水演进模拟系统研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):936-937.
[18]阎国年,张书亮.龚敏霞等地理信息系统集成原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[19]杨晓玉.GIS与模型集成的空间离散方法研究[D].南京师范大学,2002.
[20]薛安,倪晋仁,马蔼乃.模型与GIS集成理论初步研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2002,2(1):34-41.
[21]冯利华.明渠弯道三维水流数值模拟研究[D].扬州大学,2007.
[22]王福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[23]谭维炎.计算流体动力学—有限体积法的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[24]张礼.基于GIS的二维洪水计算方法研究[D].郑州大学,2007.
[25]谭维炎,胡四一.二维浅水流动的一种普适的高性能格式—有限体积Osher格式[J].水科学进展,1991,2(3):154-161.
[26]ZHANG Hua,SHENG Wan-cheng.Guckenheimer structure of solution of Riemann problem with four pieces of constants in two space dimensions for scalar conservation laws.Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition),2006,10(4):305-307.
[27]蒋艳,杨珏,赵棣华,何海.浅水流动有限体积法/Osher格式的二维水流.水质模拟[J].农村生态环境,2002,18(3):30-33.
[28]谭维炎,胡四一.浅水流动计算中一阶有限体积法Osher格式实现[J].水科学进1994,5(4):262-270.
[29]张犁.GIS系统集成的理论与实践[J].地理学报,1996,4:51-52.
[30]GIS与MIS无缝集成的框架研究[J].邢台职业技术学院学报,2005,22(3):25-28.
[31]张健挺,万庆.地理信息系统集成平台框架结构研究[J].遥感学报.1999,3(1):15-17.
[32]杨晓玉.GIS与模型集成的空间离散方法研究[D],2002.
[33]穆群英.动态连接库(DLL)及其应用.石油仪器.2001,15(3):49-51.
[34]王雁.基于动态连接库技术的汽车驱动桥主锥总成选垫机[D].2003.
[35]宋扬,李见为,曾航等.基于组件式地理信息系统的二次开发[J].重庆大学学报,2000,23(6):121-123.
[36]宋关福,钟耳顺.组件式地理信息系统研究与开发[J].中国图象图形学报,1998,3(4):313-317.
[37]诸云强,宫辉力,赵文吉等.基于组件技术的地理信息系统二次开发—以地下水资源空间分析系统为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(1):16-19.
[38]郝平,李瑞麟,应时彦,陈国华.组件式地理信息系统技术[J].浙江工业大学学报,2001,29(3):301-304.
[39]贾艳鹏,胡社荣,李凤久.基于组件的地理信息系统开发技术[J].矿山测量,2003,1:44-46.
[40]颜辉武,马晨燕,祝国瑞等.地学信息体视化中三维交互技术的研究与实现[J].测绘学报,2005(1):64-70.
[41]朱仕杰,南卓铜.基于ArcEngine的GIS软件框架建设[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,21(4):385-390.
[42]史永忠,曹全龙.基于ArcEngine的三维地形可视化系统的研究与开发[J].现代测绘,2007,30(3):37-39.
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