那交河河口区植被和沉积物特征研究
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摘要
那交河发源于博白县射广嶂北麓,汇入北部湾的丹兜海,其入海河口段既有一般河流湿地的特点又有红树林湿地的特点,是这一地区重要的生态资源。本文选择那交河河口段作为研究对象,以2010年11月-2011年4月为基准,对该地区的植被组成、植物群丛、物种多样性、群丛随时间的变化特征以及该地区的土壤质地、化学性质的特点及相互关系进行研究。主要成果如下:
(1)2010年11月及2011年3月共在那交河河口段设置植物样方38个,2010年11月份植物分属20科,30属,32种,以禾本科、大戟科、马鞭草科为主;2011年3月份植物分属22科31属,34种,以禾本科、菊科、蓼科为主。运用TWINSPAN对那交河11月份及3月份植物群丛进行分类,分类结果为2010年11月份那交河河口湿地植被可划分为6个典型群丛,2011年3月划分为11个典型群丛。
(2)采用Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数、物种优势种指数对不同时期那交河河口植物多样性进行分析,结果表明,3月份那交河河口植物物种Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数要比11月份略高,促使这种变化的主要原因是季节。
(3)通过对那交河河口湿地沉积物理化性质的分析发现,那交河河口湿地沉积物水分在10.22%-45.10%、pH值在4.67-6.27之间、有机质含量在3.22-38.57g/kg之间、阳离子交换量在2.10-24.24coml/kg之间、分形维数在2.1792-2.3913之间。该地区沉积物理化性质指标在表层上变化不明显。
(4)那交河沉积物理化性质对该地区植物群落多样性影响因素的分析结果表明,除了均匀度指数与表层有机质和阳离子交换量正相关外,其他多样性因子与沉积物理化性质不存在相关性,除了酸碱度、有机质及阳离子交换量之外,仍有其他土壤因子影响该地区的植被类型及丰富度。
Najiao River originated from Sheguang mountain, Bobai county to Dandou Sea,Beibu Gulf. Its estuary does not only have the general characteristics of river wetlands, but it also has the characteristics of mangrove wetlands, which are important ecological resources in the region. This paper chooses cross Najiao River estuary wetland as a research object, research period was from Nov.2010 to Apr.2011.The research is main about the Vegetation composition, plant association, diversity of species, ecological association changing characteristics in associations with time and the soil texture, chemical characteristics and the relationship in this area. Main results are as follows:
There were 48 plant quadrat setting in the Najiao River estuary wetland from Nov.2010 to Mar.2011.In Nov.2010, plants there belong to 20 families, 30 genera and 32 species, mainly about Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae. In Mar.2011, plants there belong to 22 families, 31 genera and 34 species, mainly about Poaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae.Plant association in Najiao River area was classified by TWINSPAN in Nov. and Mar. According to the result, Najiao River estuary wetland vegetation can be divided into 6 typical groups of plexus in Nov.2010 and 11 typical group s of plexus in Mar.2011.
By using richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index and species dominant species index, this paper analyzed that Najiao River estuary wetland species diversity in different periods. The result showed that the richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index of Najiao River estuary wetland species diversity in Nov. was higher than Mar.
Through the studying about Soil physical and chemical properties of theNajiao River estuary wetland, we can get the conclusion that the soil moisture of the Najiao River estuary is 10.22%~45.10%, PH value is 4.67~6.2, Content of soil organic matter is 3.22~38.57g/kg, CEC is 2.10~24.24coml/kg and Soil fractal dimension is 2.1792~2.3913. So the indicators of soil properties in the area in the vertical stratification did not change significantly
The analysis of the influence factor the Soil physical and chemical properties of Najiao River to Plant community diversity in this area showed that except the positive correlation between Evenness Index and organic matter and cation exchange capacity, the other Diversity factor do not have the correlation with the Soil physical and chemical properties. So except pH value, organic matter and cation exchange capacity, there are still some other soil factors effecting vegetation form and Richness in this area.
(1)2010年11月及2011年3月共在那交河河口段设置植物样方38个,2010年11月份植物分属20科,30属,32种,以禾本科、大戟科、马鞭草科为主;2011年3月份植物分属22科31属,34种,以禾本科、菊科、蓼科为主。运用TWINSPAN对那交河11月份及3月份植物群丛进行分类,分类结果为2010年11月份那交河河口湿地植被可划分为6个典型群丛,2011年3月划分为11个典型群丛。
(2)采用Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数、物种优势种指数对不同时期那交河河口植物多样性进行分析,结果表明,3月份那交河河口植物物种Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数要比11月份略高,促使这种变化的主要原因是季节。
(3)通过对那交河河口湿地沉积物理化性质的分析发现,那交河河口湿地沉积物水分在10.22%-45.10%、pH值在4.67-6.27之间、有机质含量在3.22-38.57g/kg之间、阳离子交换量在2.10-24.24coml/kg之间、分形维数在2.1792-2.3913之间。该地区沉积物理化性质指标在表层上变化不明显。
(4)那交河沉积物理化性质对该地区植物群落多样性影响因素的分析结果表明,除了均匀度指数与表层有机质和阳离子交换量正相关外,其他多样性因子与沉积物理化性质不存在相关性,除了酸碱度、有机质及阳离子交换量之外,仍有其他土壤因子影响该地区的植被类型及丰富度。
Najiao River originated from Sheguang mountain, Bobai county to Dandou Sea,Beibu Gulf. Its estuary does not only have the general characteristics of river wetlands, but it also has the characteristics of mangrove wetlands, which are important ecological resources in the region. This paper chooses cross Najiao River estuary wetland as a research object, research period was from Nov.2010 to Apr.2011.The research is main about the Vegetation composition, plant association, diversity of species, ecological association changing characteristics in associations with time and the soil texture, chemical characteristics and the relationship in this area. Main results are as follows:
There were 48 plant quadrat setting in the Najiao River estuary wetland from Nov.2010 to Mar.2011.In Nov.2010, plants there belong to 20 families, 30 genera and 32 species, mainly about Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae. In Mar.2011, plants there belong to 22 families, 31 genera and 34 species, mainly about Poaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae.Plant association in Najiao River area was classified by TWINSPAN in Nov. and Mar. According to the result, Najiao River estuary wetland vegetation can be divided into 6 typical groups of plexus in Nov.2010 and 11 typical group s of plexus in Mar.2011.
By using richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index and species dominant species index, this paper analyzed that Najiao River estuary wetland species diversity in different periods. The result showed that the richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index of Najiao River estuary wetland species diversity in Nov. was higher than Mar.
Through the studying about Soil physical and chemical properties of theNajiao River estuary wetland, we can get the conclusion that the soil moisture of the Najiao River estuary is 10.22%~45.10%, PH value is 4.67~6.2, Content of soil organic matter is 3.22~38.57g/kg, CEC is 2.10~24.24coml/kg and Soil fractal dimension is 2.1792~2.3913. So the indicators of soil properties in the area in the vertical stratification did not change significantly
The analysis of the influence factor the Soil physical and chemical properties of Najiao River to Plant community diversity in this area showed that except the positive correlation between Evenness Index and organic matter and cation exchange capacity, the other Diversity factor do not have the correlation with the Soil physical and chemical properties. So except pH value, organic matter and cation exchange capacity, there are still some other soil factors effecting vegetation form and Richness in this area.
引文
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[6]何斌源,范航清等.中国红树林湿地物种多样性及其形成.[J].生态学报.2007,27(11):4859-4870.
[7]刘云鹏,张社奇,谷洁,解迎革.不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响.[J].安徽农业科学.2011,39(5):2725-2728.
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[23]中国湿地植被编辑委员会.中国湿地植被.[M].科学出版社,1999:Ⅲ.
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[29]熊咏梅.我国植物群落数量分类的研究进展.[J].园林论坛,2008.4:49-51.
[30]张希然等.红树林和酸性潮滩土.[J].自然资源学报,1994.6(1):58.
[31]毛婕昕,闫启仑,王立俊等.典型河口底栖动物种类数、生物量及种群密度变化趋势的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):37-40.
[32] Hassink.J.Efects of soil texture and grassland management on soil organic C and N and rates of C and Nmineralization[J]. SoilBiolBiochem. 1994, 26: 1221 -1231.
[33] Jenkinson.D.S. Soil organic mater and its dynamics. New York: Longman; 1988.
[34]王茹,张凤荣,王军艳等.潮土区不同质地土壤养分动态变化研究[[J].土壤通报.2001,32(6): 255-257.
[35]高淑涛,李华兴,郭庆荣.广东不同母质水稻土供钾特性的评价[[J],水土保持学报.2004,18:94-97.
[36]张世浓,邓良基,周倩等耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形维数及其与主要土壤特性的关系明.土壤学报.2002,39(2):221~-226.
[37]程先富,史学正,王洪杰.红壤丘陵区耕层土壤颗粒的分形特征[fJ].地理科学.2003,23(5): 617-621.
[38]黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用[J].土壤学报,2002.39(2):490.
[39]梁士楚,王伯荪.广西英罗港红树林区木榄群落土壤粒径分布的分形特征[J].热带海洋学报,2003.22(1):18.
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[2] Brinson MM. 1993. Changes in the functioning ofwetlands along environmental gradients.Wetlands,13: 65-74.
[3] TangX-P (唐小平), Huang G-L (黄桂林). 2003. Study onclassification system forwetland types in China.ForRes(林业科学研究),16(5): 531 -539 ( in Chinese)
[4]范航清,保护和发展我国红树林-海啸和台风暴潮的启示[J].南方国土资源,2005,10:16-18.
[5]段舜山,徐景亮.红树林湿地在海岸生态系统维护中的功能[J].生态科学,2004,23(4):351-355.
[6]何斌源,范航清等.中国红树林湿地物种多样性及其形成.[J].生态学报.2007,27(11):4859-4870.
[7]刘云鹏,张社奇,谷洁,解迎革.不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响.[J].安徽农业科学.2011,39(5):2725-2728.
[8]范航清,何斌源.北仑河口的红树林及其生态恢复原则.[J].广西科学,2001,8(3):210-214.
[9] Ashton E C,Macintosh D J.2002. Preliminary assessment of the plant diversity and community ecology of Sematan mangrove forest, Sarawak, Malaysia[J].Forest ecology and Mangement,166(1-3):111-129.
[10] Gee J M,Somerfield Paul J.1997.Do mangrove diversity and leaf litter decay Promote meiofaunal diversity[J] Journal of experimental Marine Biology and ecology 218(1):13-33.
[11] Skilleter G A,Warren S.2000.Effects of habitat Modifieation in mangroves on the structure of molluse and crab assemlages [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,244(1):107-129.
[12]孙和平,业治铮.广西南流江三角洲沉积作用和沉积相[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1987,7(3):1-12.
[13]孙和平,李从先,业治铮.广西南流江三角洲全新世沉积层序及沉积过程[J].沉积学报,1987,5(6):133-143.
[14]黎广钊,刘敬合,方国祥.南流江三角洲沉积特征及其环境演变[J].广西科学,1994,1(3):21-25.
[15]梁文,黎广钊,刘敬合.南流江水下三角洲沉积物类型特征及其分布规律[J].海洋科学,2001,25(12):34-36.
[16]袁兴中.河口潮滩湿地底栖动物群落的生态学研究[D].上海,华东师范大学,2001.
[17]林宝荣.广西防城湾全新世海侵及防城河三角洲的演变[J].海洋与湖沼,1985,16(1):83~93.
[18]莫永杰.广西沿海港湾式海岸地貌[J].海洋通报,1987,6(1):27-30.
[19]莫永杰.南流江河口动力过程与地貌发育[J].海洋通报,1988,7(3):41-46.
[20]刘敬合,黎广钊.廉州湾海底及周边地貌特征[J].广西科学院学报,1992, 8(1):68-76.
[21]刘敬合,黎广钊.广西沿岸港湾口门潮流三角洲的地貌特征[J].海洋科学,1993,2:56~58.
[22]陈宜瑜.中国湿地研究[M ].长春:吉林出版社,1995: 20-35.
[23]中国湿地植被编辑委员会.中国湿地植被.[M].科学出版社,1999:Ⅲ.
[24]广西植物研究所.广西植物名录[M].南宁:广西植物研究所, 1971.
[25]刁正俗.中国水生杂草[M].重庆:重庆出版社, 1990.
[26]广西科学院广西植物研究所.广西植物志[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社,1991
[27]中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴(一-五册)[M].北京:科学出版社, 1994.
[28]徐晔春.湿地植物[M].广州:南方日报出版社,2010.
[29]熊咏梅.我国植物群落数量分类的研究进展.[J].园林论坛,2008.4:49-51.
[30]张希然等.红树林和酸性潮滩土.[J].自然资源学报,1994.6(1):58.
[31]毛婕昕,闫启仑,王立俊等.典型河口底栖动物种类数、生物量及种群密度变化趋势的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):37-40.
[32] Hassink.J.Efects of soil texture and grassland management on soil organic C and N and rates of C and Nmineralization[J]. SoilBiolBiochem. 1994, 26: 1221 -1231.
[33] Jenkinson.D.S. Soil organic mater and its dynamics. New York: Longman; 1988.
[34]王茹,张凤荣,王军艳等.潮土区不同质地土壤养分动态变化研究[[J].土壤通报.2001,32(6): 255-257.
[35]高淑涛,李华兴,郭庆荣.广东不同母质水稻土供钾特性的评价[[J],水土保持学报.2004,18:94-97.
[36]张世浓,邓良基,周倩等耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形维数及其与主要土壤特性的关系明.土壤学报.2002,39(2):221~-226.
[37]程先富,史学正,王洪杰.红壤丘陵区耕层土壤颗粒的分形特征[fJ].地理科学.2003,23(5): 617-621.
[38]黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用[J].土壤学报,2002.39(2):490.
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