商标权与商号权冲突问题研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展和社会的进步,知识产权在国内外经济贸易中的地位不断上升,知识产权纠纷案件大量增加,商标权和商号权的权利冲突就是其中最突出的问题之一,且已经成为我国相关权利人、司法实务界和理论界关注的热点问题。尽管如此,现有的法律法规却很难对该问题进行妥善的规制。本文在分析商标权和商号权的权利冲突原因和构成要件的基础上,充分借鉴其它国家的先进立法例,从判断标准、解决原则等方面提出解决商标权和商号权的权利冲突的理论适用、制度构想和立法设计,希望有助于完善我国商标权和商号权的权利冲突的解决机制。
全文除综述和结论外,共分为四章,主要内容如下：
第1章商标权与商号权的概述。
本章概述了商标、商标权的构成要素、法律性质,商号、商号权的历史、商号权的法律性质、法律特征及内容,并对商号、商号权及其他相关概念进行了对比、辨析。
第2章商标权与商号权冲突的表现形式及原因。
本章对知识产权权利冲突概念做出界定,为后文中对商标权与商号权的权利冲突的进一步研究作铺垫。其次,对商标权与商号权冲突的类型和冲突现状进行了归纳和描述。最后,对商标权与商号权的冲突从四个方面进行深度剖析,指出了其在法理、制度和立法模式方面存在的缺陷。
第3章商标权与商号权冲突的比较法研究。
本章首先列举出我国关于解决商标与商号冲突问题的法律依据,我国法律对此问题的规定零散、可操作性不强。第二部分介绍了外国对在先权、商号权及处理商号权与商标权冲突的立法模式。最后,在考察国外立法例的基础上,提出各国做法的可借鉴之处,指出我国立法待完善之处。
第4章商标权与商号权冲突问题的解决。
本章从原则、立法、制度及企业四个角度,提出了解决商标权与商号权权利冲突的构想。原则方面：建议继续贯彻诚实信用原则,对恶意造成权利冲突的行为,要加大打击力度；赋予商号权的在先权地位；以保护在先权、利益平衡为原则,在处理权利冲突案件中,应综合考虑各方的投入、权利使用情况及其商标权、商号权的知名度等因素,达到冲突双方及社会相关公众的利益平衡,以实现公平、正义的法律价值；以及禁止混淆原则。立法层面：呼吁建立统一的《商号法》,赋予商号权全国范围内的效力；建议在刑法中增设假冒商号罪。改革管理制度方面：取消商号登记的分级制管理；建立全国统一的商号检索机制及商标与商号交叉检索机制；明确行政权与司法权的受案范围。最后就企业如何应对商标与商号间的权利冲突问题提出了几点建议。
With the economic development, society progress, and the trade status of intellectual property rights rise increasingly in the nation and international economic environment, the conflict among intellectual rights are increasing massively. Among these conflicts, the conflict between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right is one of the most prominent questions. Meanwhile, it has caused hot discussion among the correlation oblige, the judicial practical realm, and the theorists. However, conflicts between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right has not been able to obtain the properly solution in the existing related legal law and regulations in our country actually. This article base on the analysis of the reason and component between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right. Then fully inspect the world advanced from the judgment standard, the solution principle and so on. At last, further consummated our country Trademark right and Trade-name right conflict solution mechanism from theory apply, system hypothesis and legislation design aspect, hope that it would be good to do with the conflict solution mechanism between Trademark right and Trade-name right.
The full text besides the introduction and conclusion, divided into five chapters, main content as follows:
First chapter:The first chapters summarized, compose the key element and the law character of the Trademark right, history of the Trade-name right in China, law character, and content, and discriminated some relevance concept has carried out contrast on Trade-name right.
Second chapter:The manifestation and cause of Trade mark right and Trade-name right conflict. Describe the summary of intellectual conflict. This chapter define "the conflicts among intellectual rights", Meanwhile, make a discussion on the significance of study "conflicts among intellectual rights",make the upholstery for the whole article.Secondly, the conflict type and conflict current situation have carried out induction on Trademark and Trade-name right. The depth being in progress finally, to Trademark right and Trade-name right conflict from four aspect has analyzed, has pointed out whose defect there existing in pattern aspect in legal principle, system and legislation.
The third chapter: Current legislation situation and problem of the conflict problem between Trademark right and Trade-name right. Seal lists out the opera ability resolving the basis with Trademark right and Trade-name right conflict problem, our law regulation to this problem is scattered. Part two carries on the discussion of the overseas legislation, proposes US's corresponding legislation to be the model of our country, finally, in the regular legislation basis inspecting abroad, bring forward every country method of work's but draw that place. Point out we should perfect our legislation.
The fourth chapter:The solution of conflict between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right. This chapter from the principle, the legislation, the system and the enterprise four angles, proposed the solution Trademark right and the company power right conflict conception. Principle aspect:The suggestion continues to implement the honest credit principle, creates the right conflict to the evil intention the behavior, must increase the attack dynamics; Entrusts with the company the power in the first power status; Take benefit balanced as the principle, in the processing right conflict case, should the overall evaluation all quarters investment, right service condition and Trademark right, company power factors and so on popularity, achieves conflict both sides and the social related public's benefit balance, realizes fairly, the legal value; forbids to confuse the principle. Legislative stratification plane:Appeal establishment unified "Company Law", entrusts with the company in the power nationwide scale the potency; the suggestion additionally builds the counterfeit company crime in the criminal law. Reform control system aspect:Cancels graduation system management which the company registers; Establishes the national unified company to retrieve the mechanism and the Trademark and the company overlapping retrieval mechanism; is clear about the executive power and the jurisdiction the document scope. Finally, how to protect oneself on the enterprise has given several proposals.
全文除综述和结论外,共分为四章,主要内容如下：
第1章商标权与商号权的概述。
本章概述了商标、商标权的构成要素、法律性质,商号、商号权的历史、商号权的法律性质、法律特征及内容,并对商号、商号权及其他相关概念进行了对比、辨析。
第2章商标权与商号权冲突的表现形式及原因。
本章对知识产权权利冲突概念做出界定,为后文中对商标权与商号权的权利冲突的进一步研究作铺垫。其次,对商标权与商号权冲突的类型和冲突现状进行了归纳和描述。最后,对商标权与商号权的冲突从四个方面进行深度剖析,指出了其在法理、制度和立法模式方面存在的缺陷。
第3章商标权与商号权冲突的比较法研究。
本章首先列举出我国关于解决商标与商号冲突问题的法律依据,我国法律对此问题的规定零散、可操作性不强。第二部分介绍了外国对在先权、商号权及处理商号权与商标权冲突的立法模式。最后,在考察国外立法例的基础上,提出各国做法的可借鉴之处,指出我国立法待完善之处。
第4章商标权与商号权冲突问题的解决。
本章从原则、立法、制度及企业四个角度,提出了解决商标权与商号权权利冲突的构想。原则方面：建议继续贯彻诚实信用原则,对恶意造成权利冲突的行为,要加大打击力度；赋予商号权的在先权地位；以保护在先权、利益平衡为原则,在处理权利冲突案件中,应综合考虑各方的投入、权利使用情况及其商标权、商号权的知名度等因素,达到冲突双方及社会相关公众的利益平衡,以实现公平、正义的法律价值；以及禁止混淆原则。立法层面：呼吁建立统一的《商号法》,赋予商号权全国范围内的效力；建议在刑法中增设假冒商号罪。改革管理制度方面：取消商号登记的分级制管理；建立全国统一的商号检索机制及商标与商号交叉检索机制；明确行政权与司法权的受案范围。最后就企业如何应对商标与商号间的权利冲突问题提出了几点建议。
With the economic development, society progress, and the trade status of intellectual property rights rise increasingly in the nation and international economic environment, the conflict among intellectual rights are increasing massively. Among these conflicts, the conflict between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right is one of the most prominent questions. Meanwhile, it has caused hot discussion among the correlation oblige, the judicial practical realm, and the theorists. However, conflicts between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right has not been able to obtain the properly solution in the existing related legal law and regulations in our country actually. This article base on the analysis of the reason and component between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right. Then fully inspect the world advanced from the judgment standard, the solution principle and so on. At last, further consummated our country Trademark right and Trade-name right conflict solution mechanism from theory apply, system hypothesis and legislation design aspect, hope that it would be good to do with the conflict solution mechanism between Trademark right and Trade-name right.
The full text besides the introduction and conclusion, divided into five chapters, main content as follows:
First chapter:The first chapters summarized, compose the key element and the law character of the Trademark right, history of the Trade-name right in China, law character, and content, and discriminated some relevance concept has carried out contrast on Trade-name right.
Second chapter:The manifestation and cause of Trade mark right and Trade-name right conflict. Describe the summary of intellectual conflict. This chapter define "the conflicts among intellectual rights", Meanwhile, make a discussion on the significance of study "conflicts among intellectual rights",make the upholstery for the whole article.Secondly, the conflict type and conflict current situation have carried out induction on Trademark and Trade-name right. The depth being in progress finally, to Trademark right and Trade-name right conflict from four aspect has analyzed, has pointed out whose defect there existing in pattern aspect in legal principle, system and legislation.
The third chapter: Current legislation situation and problem of the conflict problem between Trademark right and Trade-name right. Seal lists out the opera ability resolving the basis with Trademark right and Trade-name right conflict problem, our law regulation to this problem is scattered. Part two carries on the discussion of the overseas legislation, proposes US's corresponding legislation to be the model of our country, finally, in the regular legislation basis inspecting abroad, bring forward every country method of work's but draw that place. Point out we should perfect our legislation.
The fourth chapter:The solution of conflict between Trademark Right and Trade-name Right. This chapter from the principle, the legislation, the system and the enterprise four angles, proposed the solution Trademark right and the company power right conflict conception. Principle aspect:The suggestion continues to implement the honest credit principle, creates the right conflict to the evil intention the behavior, must increase the attack dynamics; Entrusts with the company the power in the first power status; Take benefit balanced as the principle, in the processing right conflict case, should the overall evaluation all quarters investment, right service condition and Trademark right, company power factors and so on popularity, achieves conflict both sides and the social related public's benefit balance, realizes fairly, the legal value; forbids to confuse the principle. Legislative stratification plane:Appeal establishment unified "Company Law", entrusts with the company in the power nationwide scale the potency; the suggestion additionally builds the counterfeit company crime in the criminal law. Reform control system aspect:Cancels graduation system management which the company registers; Establishes the national unified company to retrieve the mechanism and the Trademark and the company overlapping retrieval mechanism; is clear about the executive power and the jurisdiction the document scope. Finally, how to protect oneself on the enterprise has given several proposals.
引文
①见《世界知识产权组织公约》第2条第8款第6项。
①参见《企业名称登记管理规定》第23条。
①见《最高人民法院关于审理商标民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第21条。
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[2]张序九.商标法教程[M].北京：法律出版社,1997：47.
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①参见《企业名称登记管理规定》第23条。
①见《最高人民法院关于审理商标民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第21条。
[1][美]阿瑟.R.未勒,迈克尔.H.戴维斯.知识产权概要[M].北京：中国社会科学院出版社,1998.
[2]张序九.商标法教程[M].北京：法律出版社,1997：47.
[3]刘春田.知识产权法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2000：291.
[4]张玉敏.知识产权法学[M].北京：中国检察出版社,2002：258.
[5]吴汉东,胡开忠.无形财产权制度研究[M].北京：法律出版社,2001.
[6]王良国.再论我国“企业名称权”与商标权冲突的解决[C].最高人民法院民三庭编知识产权审判指导与参考(第7卷),北京：法律出版社,2004：164.
[7]李顺德,郭修申.商业标识权利冲突及其解决对策理论研讨会综述[C].知识产权文丛(第10卷),北京：中国方正出版社,2004：80.
[8]郑成思.知识产权法—新世纪初的若干研究重点[C].北京：法律出版社,2004.
[9]冯晓青.知识产权法前沿问题研究[C].北京：中国人民公安大学出版社,2004.
[10]曹新明.论知识产权冲突协调原则[J].法学研究,1999(5).
[11]冯晓青.知识产权法理论与实践[M].北京：法律出版社,2002：64-65.
[12]曹中强.中国商标报告[M].中信出版社,2003,5(1).
[13][美]卉尔斯,R·麦克马尼斯.陈宗胜,王利华,侯利宏译.不公平贸易行为概论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1997.
[14]冯德旭.上海首例服务商标抢注案始末[J].中国工商报,2000-7-26(1).。
[15]宿迟.商标与商号权利冲突问题研究[M].北京：中国人民公安大学出版社,2003：6,154.
[16]曹波.从一起商标侵权案谈商标权与商号权的冲突[J].知识产权,2004(02).
[17]冯晓青,杨利华.知识产权权利冲突及其解决原则[J].法学论坛,2001(03).
[18]陈子龙.知识产权权利冲突及司法裁量[C].郑成思主编知识产权文丛(第三卷),北京：中国政法大学出版社,2000(1)：415.
[19]彭学龙.商标显著性新探[J].法律科学(西北政法学院学报),2006(02).
[20]陈乃蔚,魏来.字号权的知识产权特征及其相关权利冲突研究[J].科技与法律,2001(01).
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