论工商行政管理自由裁量权及其立体控制
摘要
工商行政管理机关作为市场监管和行政执法的职能部门,肩负着维护市场经济秩序,为经济发展保驾护航的重要职责。为使工商行政管理机关履行好这一职责,国家法律法规赋予了其较多的自由裁量权。这对提高行政效率,实现工商行政管理目的有积极意义。同时,由于自由裁量权的空间巨大,法条过于宽松的弹性幅度,给工商执法人员在操作层面上有随意处置的方便,因此滥用自由裁量权、懈怠法定职责、执法行为显失公正等现象难以避免,控制规范工商行政管理自由裁量权对推进依法行政、构建“和谐工商”有十分重要的作用。本文围绕工商行政管理自由裁量权这一中心命题,共分三部分进行阐述。
第一部分概述工商行政管理自由裁量权的概念、特征及存在的必要性。这种自由裁量权是一种法定的、弹性的、特定化的权力。工商行政管理自由裁量权可以保证行政管理快速高效的需要,弥补立法不足,充分发挥工商行政管理机关主观能动性。
第二部分对工商行政管理自由裁量权的具体体现和滥用自由裁量权的危害、原因加以深入的分析。自由裁量权的存在,导致工商执法人员在日常执法中出现超越裁量权限、懈怠法定职责、执法行为显失公平公正等现象,造成一定的社会危害,因此,控制规范工商行政管理自由裁量权非常之必要。
第三部分研究如何运用立体的、全方位的、内外部相结合以及事前、事中和事后相衔接的方式对自由裁量权行使进行控制,以期有利于工商行政管理部门正确、及时、有效地执法,切实保障行政相对人的合法权益,促进经济健康有序地发展。
Industrial and commercial administrative organs as the market supervision and administrative functions of law enforcement departments shoulder the maintenance of market economic order, in order to protect the economic development of the important functions, In order for industrial and commercial administrative organs carry out the duties of state laws and regulations to give more of its discretion. This will improve administrative efficiency and achieve the purpose of industrial and commercial administration will have positive effects. At the same time, due to the discretion of the huge space, the law is too lenient range of flexible, Trade and Industry to the law enforcement officers at the operational level there are at the disposal of convenience, leading to the abuse of discretion, slack statutory duty, law enforcement obvious, and so is just hard to lose To prevent, control norms in industrial and commercial administration discretion on promoting administration according to law and building a "harmonious Commerce and Industry," there is a very important role. This article Administration for Industry and Commerce around the discretion of the central proposition, for a total of three-part set.
The first part of the Administration for Industry and Commerce outlined the concept of discretionary power, features and there is the need. Such discretion is a legal, flexible, and specific power. Industrial and commercial administration discretionary power to ensure rapid and efficient administration needs to make up for the lack of legislation, give full play to the administrations of industry and commerce initiative.
The second part of the Administration for Industry and Commerce discretion and a concrete manifestation of the abuse of discretion harm, the reasons to be in-depth analysis. The existence of discretion, resulting in industrial and law enforcement officers in day-to-day law enforcement appear beyond discretionary authority, a statutory duty slack law enforcement actions, such as unconscionability justice, to a certain degree of social harm, the administration of industry and standardize the control of discretion is very Necessary.
The third part of the study on the use of three-dimensional, comprehensive, internal and external as well as the combination of pre-, during and after the incident linked to the way the exercise of discretion control, with a view to benefit the industrial and commercial administration departments correct, timely and effective law enforcement And earnestly safeguard the legitimate administrative relative rights and interests, to promote healthy and orderly development of the economy.
第一部分概述工商行政管理自由裁量权的概念、特征及存在的必要性。这种自由裁量权是一种法定的、弹性的、特定化的权力。工商行政管理自由裁量权可以保证行政管理快速高效的需要,弥补立法不足,充分发挥工商行政管理机关主观能动性。
第二部分对工商行政管理自由裁量权的具体体现和滥用自由裁量权的危害、原因加以深入的分析。自由裁量权的存在,导致工商执法人员在日常执法中出现超越裁量权限、懈怠法定职责、执法行为显失公平公正等现象,造成一定的社会危害,因此,控制规范工商行政管理自由裁量权非常之必要。
第三部分研究如何运用立体的、全方位的、内外部相结合以及事前、事中和事后相衔接的方式对自由裁量权行使进行控制,以期有利于工商行政管理部门正确、及时、有效地执法,切实保障行政相对人的合法权益,促进经济健康有序地发展。
Industrial and commercial administrative organs as the market supervision and administrative functions of law enforcement departments shoulder the maintenance of market economic order, in order to protect the economic development of the important functions, In order for industrial and commercial administrative organs carry out the duties of state laws and regulations to give more of its discretion. This will improve administrative efficiency and achieve the purpose of industrial and commercial administration will have positive effects. At the same time, due to the discretion of the huge space, the law is too lenient range of flexible, Trade and Industry to the law enforcement officers at the operational level there are at the disposal of convenience, leading to the abuse of discretion, slack statutory duty, law enforcement obvious, and so is just hard to lose To prevent, control norms in industrial and commercial administration discretion on promoting administration according to law and building a "harmonious Commerce and Industry," there is a very important role. This article Administration for Industry and Commerce around the discretion of the central proposition, for a total of three-part set.
The first part of the Administration for Industry and Commerce outlined the concept of discretionary power, features and there is the need. Such discretion is a legal, flexible, and specific power. Industrial and commercial administration discretionary power to ensure rapid and efficient administration needs to make up for the lack of legislation, give full play to the administrations of industry and commerce initiative.
The second part of the Administration for Industry and Commerce discretion and a concrete manifestation of the abuse of discretion harm, the reasons to be in-depth analysis. The existence of discretion, resulting in industrial and law enforcement officers in day-to-day law enforcement appear beyond discretionary authority, a statutory duty slack law enforcement actions, such as unconscionability justice, to a certain degree of social harm, the administration of industry and standardize the control of discretion is very Necessary.
The third part of the study on the use of three-dimensional, comprehensive, internal and external as well as the combination of pre-, during and after the incident linked to the way the exercise of discretion control, with a view to benefit the industrial and commercial administration departments correct, timely and effective law enforcement And earnestly safeguard the legitimate administrative relative rights and interests, to promote healthy and orderly development of the economy.
引文
[1]王名扬.美国行政法[M].北京:中国法制出版社,1996:545.
[2]罗豪才.行政法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996:268.
[1]游振辉.论行政执法中的自由裁量权[J].中国法学,1990,(4).
[1]丛彦国.实体与程序问题之浅析[J].社科研究,2006,(6).
[1]岳国海.谈工商行政管理行政处罚自由裁量权的程序及控制[J].辽宁工商,2006,(6).
[1]王名扬.法国行政法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1997
[2]罗豪才.行政法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996.
[3]彭万林.民法学[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999.
[4]姜明安.行政法学与行政诉讼法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999.
[5]叶必丰.行政法学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1996.
[6]应松年,朱维究.行政法学总论[M].北京:工人出版社,1985.
[7]游振辉.论行政执法中的自由裁量权[J].中国法学,1990.
[8]王连昌.行政法学[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1993.
[9]应松年.比较行政程序法[M].北京:中国法制出版社,1999.
[11]关保英.行政法的价值定位[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1997.
[12]应松年.行政程序法立法研究[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2001.
[13]宋雅芳.行政程序法专题研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.
[14]姜明安.行政执法研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.
[15]张庆福.行政执法中的问题及对策[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1996.
[16]应松年,袁曙宏.走向法治政府[M].北京:法律出版社,2001.
[17]季卫东.法律程序的意义[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999.
[18]湛中乐.法治国家与行政法治[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002.
[19]甘文.行政与法律的一般原理[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2002.
[20]张步洪.中国行政法学前沿问题报告[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2003.
[21]罗豪才.现代行政法制的发展趋势[M].北京:法律出版社,2004.
[22]王名扬.美国行政法[M].北京:中国法制出版社,1996:545.
[23]丛彦国.实体与程序问题之浅析[J].社科研究,2006,(6).
[24]岳国海.谈工商行政管理行政处罚自由裁量权的程序及控制[J].辽宁工商,2006,(6).
[2]罗豪才.行政法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996:268.
[1]游振辉.论行政执法中的自由裁量权[J].中国法学,1990,(4).
[1]丛彦国.实体与程序问题之浅析[J].社科研究,2006,(6).
[1]岳国海.谈工商行政管理行政处罚自由裁量权的程序及控制[J].辽宁工商,2006,(6).
[1]王名扬.法国行政法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1997
[2]罗豪才.行政法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996.
[3]彭万林.民法学[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999.
[4]姜明安.行政法学与行政诉讼法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999.
[5]叶必丰.行政法学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1996.
[6]应松年,朱维究.行政法学总论[M].北京:工人出版社,1985.
[7]游振辉.论行政执法中的自由裁量权[J].中国法学,1990.
[8]王连昌.行政法学[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1993.
[9]应松年.比较行政程序法[M].北京:中国法制出版社,1999.
[11]关保英.行政法的价值定位[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1997.
[12]应松年.行政程序法立法研究[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2001.
[13]宋雅芳.行政程序法专题研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2006.
[14]姜明安.行政执法研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.
[15]张庆福.行政执法中的问题及对策[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1996.
[16]应松年,袁曙宏.走向法治政府[M].北京:法律出版社,2001.
[17]季卫东.法律程序的意义[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999.
[18]湛中乐.法治国家与行政法治[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002.
[19]甘文.行政与法律的一般原理[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2002.
[20]张步洪.中国行政法学前沿问题报告[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2003.
[21]罗豪才.现代行政法制的发展趋势[M].北京:法律出版社,2004.
[22]王名扬.美国行政法[M].北京:中国法制出版社,1996:545.
[23]丛彦国.实体与程序问题之浅析[J].社科研究,2006,(6).
[24]岳国海.谈工商行政管理行政处罚自由裁量权的程序及控制[J].辽宁工商,2006,(6).