我国零售业规模化发展研究
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摘要
零售业规模化发展是我国零售产业发展中带有方向性的问题,也是我国零售业与发达国家零售业相比具有较大差距的一个方面。在我国这样一个市场广阔巨大的国家里,培育一批具有一定规模的零售企业,是产业的发展方向,不仅对企业,也对我国市场规模有序发展,对上游生产制造业的发展,甚至对整个国民经济的协调发展,都具有重要意义。
本文的研究目的是通过对近年来我国零售业规模化发展现状的分析,揭示我国零售业现阶段面临的主要问题,构建适合我国零售业规模化发展的模式。
本文首先运用实证研究和比较分析的方法,对我国零售业规模化发展的现状从市场集中度、投入—产出规模、业态与区域发展、并购重组的现状四个方面进行了详细的阐述,并与发达国家进行了比较。其次,运用相关分析,通过引用商品流通速度的概念考察流动资产周转率,进一步对我国零售业规模经济效益进行了分析。接下来,针对现阶段存在的主要问题对制约我国零售业规模化发展的因素进行分析。最后,从微观主体入手,在认清零售市场环境变化的基础上,考虑企业的具体情况,构建和选择适合我国零售业规模化发展的战略模式,从而引导我国零售企业走上规模化发展的道路,推进流通方式创新,提高流通组织化程度,减少流通环节,提高流通效率。
通过以上分析得出本文的结论,与发达国家相比,我国零售业的主要差距是规模偏小,市场竞争力亟待提高,规模化发展任务紧迫。近年来我国零售业规模化进程加快,市场集中度逐年提高,但发展水平较低;投入—产出规模逐年增长,但规模经济效益不明显;业态多元化和跨区域经营步伐加快,但制约因素较多。伴随着我国零售业市场环境的变化,规模化发展是现今和未来发展的主导方向。分店扩张是现阶段我国零售业规模化发展的优选模式,可供选择的方法有直营式、并购式、特许加盟式。零售企业应从自身实力出发、在认真分析潜在优势和市场环境变化的基础上,依据市场机制、企业性质、企业成熟度等选择适宜的经营模式与战略扩张的组合模式。
Retail scale of development is the direction question of China's retail industry. Compared with the developed countries, it has large gap of retail scale. In such a vast market of our huge country, cultivating a certain scale of the retail enterprise, is the development direction of the industry. It will be significant benifit not only to the enterprise, but also to China market orderly development and manufacturing upstream, even for the entire national economy coordinated development.
Based on analyzations of the scale development of the retail industry in recent years, the author reveals the main problem in retail industry at this stage, recognizes that scale development is the leading direction of the retail distribution industry. Build large-scale development which suitable for China's retail model from the main retail micro-enterprise.
In this paper, the author firstly uses the methods of empirical research and comparative analysis to analyze the development of large-scale market in China's retail industry from the market concentration, the input - output size, format and regional development, the status of merger and reorganization and compared with the developed countries. Secondly, analyses the economies of scale in our retail distribution industry under the correlation analysis. Then, analyses the factors of Constraints the scale development of China's retail industry. Finally, starting from the main micro, on the basis of a clear understanding of the change of retail market environmental, considering the specific situation of enterprises, construct and select the strategic model which suitable for scale development of retail distribution industry in our country, guide our retail distribution industry on large-scale development and promote innovation on circulation way, improve the degree of the organization on circulation , reduce the aspects of circulation, improve circulation efficiency.
It makes the conclusions of this paper through the above analysis, compared with the developed countries, the main difference is our retail scale is small and market weak competitiveness. In recent years, the scale of our retail market concentration and the scale economic benefit increased year by year, but the level is lower. With our retail market environment changes, At present our country's retail trade expansion is the best mode of the scale of development, and the method of selection is retail, shareholder, m&a, alliance, franchise. Retail enterprises should start their own strength, on the analysis of the potential superiority and market environment, based on the basis of the changes in the market mechanism, characteristics of the enterprise, the enterprise maturity etc. Choose appropriate management mode and the strategic expansion of combination patterns.
本文的研究目的是通过对近年来我国零售业规模化发展现状的分析,揭示我国零售业现阶段面临的主要问题,构建适合我国零售业规模化发展的模式。
本文首先运用实证研究和比较分析的方法,对我国零售业规模化发展的现状从市场集中度、投入—产出规模、业态与区域发展、并购重组的现状四个方面进行了详细的阐述,并与发达国家进行了比较。其次,运用相关分析,通过引用商品流通速度的概念考察流动资产周转率,进一步对我国零售业规模经济效益进行了分析。接下来,针对现阶段存在的主要问题对制约我国零售业规模化发展的因素进行分析。最后,从微观主体入手,在认清零售市场环境变化的基础上,考虑企业的具体情况,构建和选择适合我国零售业规模化发展的战略模式,从而引导我国零售企业走上规模化发展的道路,推进流通方式创新,提高流通组织化程度,减少流通环节,提高流通效率。
通过以上分析得出本文的结论,与发达国家相比,我国零售业的主要差距是规模偏小,市场竞争力亟待提高,规模化发展任务紧迫。近年来我国零售业规模化进程加快,市场集中度逐年提高,但发展水平较低;投入—产出规模逐年增长,但规模经济效益不明显;业态多元化和跨区域经营步伐加快,但制约因素较多。伴随着我国零售业市场环境的变化,规模化发展是现今和未来发展的主导方向。分店扩张是现阶段我国零售业规模化发展的优选模式,可供选择的方法有直营式、并购式、特许加盟式。零售企业应从自身实力出发、在认真分析潜在优势和市场环境变化的基础上,依据市场机制、企业性质、企业成熟度等选择适宜的经营模式与战略扩张的组合模式。
Retail scale of development is the direction question of China's retail industry. Compared with the developed countries, it has large gap of retail scale. In such a vast market of our huge country, cultivating a certain scale of the retail enterprise, is the development direction of the industry. It will be significant benifit not only to the enterprise, but also to China market orderly development and manufacturing upstream, even for the entire national economy coordinated development.
Based on analyzations of the scale development of the retail industry in recent years, the author reveals the main problem in retail industry at this stage, recognizes that scale development is the leading direction of the retail distribution industry. Build large-scale development which suitable for China's retail model from the main retail micro-enterprise.
In this paper, the author firstly uses the methods of empirical research and comparative analysis to analyze the development of large-scale market in China's retail industry from the market concentration, the input - output size, format and regional development, the status of merger and reorganization and compared with the developed countries. Secondly, analyses the economies of scale in our retail distribution industry under the correlation analysis. Then, analyses the factors of Constraints the scale development of China's retail industry. Finally, starting from the main micro, on the basis of a clear understanding of the change of retail market environmental, considering the specific situation of enterprises, construct and select the strategic model which suitable for scale development of retail distribution industry in our country, guide our retail distribution industry on large-scale development and promote innovation on circulation way, improve the degree of the organization on circulation , reduce the aspects of circulation, improve circulation efficiency.
It makes the conclusions of this paper through the above analysis, compared with the developed countries, the main difference is our retail scale is small and market weak competitiveness. In recent years, the scale of our retail market concentration and the scale economic benefit increased year by year, but the level is lower. With our retail market environment changes, At present our country's retail trade expansion is the best mode of the scale of development, and the method of selection is retail, shareholder, m&a, alliance, franchise. Retail enterprises should start their own strength, on the analysis of the potential superiority and market environment, based on the basis of the changes in the market mechanism, characteristics of the enterprise, the enterprise maturity etc. Choose appropriate management mode and the strategic expansion of combination patterns.
引文
1 Coase,ronald.H.,The Nature of the Firm,Economica,4(n.s),1937:386405
2 周冰,企业性质问题探析,南开学报(哲学社会科学版),1995,2
3 何旭强,企业的强强联合理论假说及现实意义,经济理论与经济管理,1998,5:21-23
4 Penrose Edith:The Theory of the Growth of the Firm.Oxford University Press.19-59
5 朱启才.西方企业扩张理论及其发腱.云南财贸学院学报,2002,04,2
6 熊彼特.经济发展理论.商务印书馆,1990,54
7 Dodd.p,r.reback.Tender offers and stockholder returns:An empirical analysis[j].Journal of Financial Ecnomices.1977-05,3:351-375
8 Baron,S.and Sxhmitdt,R.,Operational aspects of franchises,International journal of Retail &Distribution Management,1991,Vol,19 No.2:13-19
9 Cioni,F,and Milleri,M.(1989).From number of sales to market share:The determination of the market position(quantitative) of supermarket.Seminar on Adding Value to Retail Offerings,Edinburgh
10吕一林,《美国现代商品零售业——历史、现状与未来》,清华大学出版社,2001年版,第108-121页
11毛蕴诗等,现代企业与市场研究丛书,广东人民出版社,2005,76-78
12何新宇,陈宏民,横向合并动机与技术差距,预测,2004,6
13江涛,范柏乃,徐金发,九十年代企业兼并动因的中西方比较及启示,中国软科学,1999,3,45-56
14庄贵军、冯根福,中国百货零售企业规模经济的实证分析,财贸经济,2000,9,44-48
15 李晓丽,沃尔玛成本领先战略的实施对中国零售业的启示,商场现代化,2007,25
16 安永会计师事务所(中国区),零售革命——中国零售业并购现象概览,2006,9
17 数据来源:《2007中国连锁经营百强》,《2007中国统计年鉴》,计算得出
18 根据《2007中国连锁经营百强》中有关数据计算得出。
19 《2007中国连锁经营百强》,中国连锁经营协会,2008,6
20 根据《2000中国零售经营百强》,中国连锁经营协会,2001,7中的数据计算出
21 上海市商业经济研究中心,2006国际商业发展报告,上海科学技术文献出版社,2007,1,第1版
22 法国国家经济研究统计局,Division Commerce,N°1079,2006,5
24 中国零售业不能只“开花”不“结果”,《中国城乡金融报》,2006,10
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2 周冰,企业性质问题探析,南开学报(哲学社会科学版),1995,2
3 何旭强,企业的强强联合理论假说及现实意义,经济理论与经济管理,1998,5:21-23
4 Penrose Edith:The Theory of the Growth of the Firm.Oxford University Press.19-59
5 朱启才.西方企业扩张理论及其发腱.云南财贸学院学报,2002,04,2
6 熊彼特.经济发展理论.商务印书馆,1990,54
7 Dodd.p,r.reback.Tender offers and stockholder returns:An empirical analysis[j].Journal of Financial Ecnomices.1977-05,3:351-375
8 Baron,S.and Sxhmitdt,R.,Operational aspects of franchises,International journal of Retail &Distribution Management,1991,Vol,19 No.2:13-19
9 Cioni,F,and Milleri,M.(1989).From number of sales to market share:The determination of the market position(quantitative) of supermarket.Seminar on Adding Value to Retail Offerings,Edinburgh
10吕一林,《美国现代商品零售业——历史、现状与未来》,清华大学出版社,2001年版,第108-121页
11毛蕴诗等,现代企业与市场研究丛书,广东人民出版社,2005,76-78
12何新宇,陈宏民,横向合并动机与技术差距,预测,2004,6
13江涛,范柏乃,徐金发,九十年代企业兼并动因的中西方比较及启示,中国软科学,1999,3,45-56
14庄贵军、冯根福,中国百货零售企业规模经济的实证分析,财贸经济,2000,9,44-48
15 李晓丽,沃尔玛成本领先战略的实施对中国零售业的启示,商场现代化,2007,25
16 安永会计师事务所(中国区),零售革命——中国零售业并购现象概览,2006,9
17 数据来源:《2007中国连锁经营百强》,《2007中国统计年鉴》,计算得出
18 根据《2007中国连锁经营百强》中有关数据计算得出。
19 《2007中国连锁经营百强》,中国连锁经营协会,2008,6
20 根据《2000中国零售经营百强》,中国连锁经营协会,2001,7中的数据计算出
21 上海市商业经济研究中心,2006国际商业发展报告,上海科学技术文献出版社,2007,1,第1版
22 法国国家经济研究统计局,Division Commerce,N°1079,2006,5
24 中国零售业不能只“开花”不“结果”,《中国城乡金融报》,2006,10
[1]Coasee,roonald.H.,The Nature offhe Firm,Economica,4(n.s),1937,386-405
[2]何强旭.企业的强强联合理论的假说及现实意义.经济理论与经济管理,1998,5,21-23
[3]Penros Edithe,The Theory of the Growthof the Firm,Oxford University Press,19-59
[4]熊彼特.经济发展理论.商务印书馆,1992,54
[5]Dodd.p,r.rreback.Tender offers and stockholders returns:An empirical analysis [j].Journal of Financial Ecnomics.1977-05,3:351-375
[6]孟宪昌.论企业扩张.西南财经大学出版社,2006,33-38
[7]Firward,J.and Fulop,C.,Large established firms' entrance into franchising:an exploratory investigation of strategic and operational issues,The International Review of Retail,Distribution and Consumer Research,1996Vol.6No.1:34-52
[8]Baronn,S.and Sxhmitdte,R.,Operational aspects of franchises,International journalist of Retail & Distribution Management,1991,Vol,19 No.2:13-19
[9]Quinn,B,Controland supported in the international franchise network,International Markets' Research,1999 Vol.16 No.4/5:345-62
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