旅游地质景观特征的GIS空间数据分析与评价
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摘要
随着经济的发展,人们生活水平不断提高,旅游业也日益兴旺。由于多媒体技术和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术的普及应用,各城市旅游主管部门和旅游企业开始重视旅游信息系统的开发和建设,国家旅游局甚至把触摸屏旅游信息查询系统作为城市创建优秀旅游城市的一个重要评分指标。旅游信息系统(Tourism Information System,TIS)区别于一般的信息查询系统,要求系统能够有效地管理地理空间图形、多媒体数据和旅游要素属性数据,游客能够方便快速地实现三者之间的双向检索查询。作为当前旅游信息系统开发的两种主要基础平台,GIS和多媒体制作系统都存在一定的缺陷。国内外流行的多媒体制作软件有Authorware,Director等,这些软件交互灵活,表现手法多,但是缺乏对旅游地图的有效管理、空间查询、分析和统计功能;基于GIS的集成软件,如MapInfo,Arcview等,虽然具有强大的空间数据处理和分析功能,但是缺乏声音、视频、动画等媒体信息,多媒体效果不佳。它们只能借助于文本、图形和表格来表示和传输空间信息,方式单一,从而在很大程度上降低了GIS处理和传输空间信息的效果。将多媒体技术应用于GIS软件或者将GIS部分功能贯穿于多媒体系统中,开发集成模式的区域多媒体旅游信息系统(MultimediaTourism Information System,MTIS)势必增强区域旅游信息系统的表达能力。多媒体技术与GIS的完美结合,为GIS的发展开辟了另一新的领域,多媒体GIS已成为人们研究GIS的热点问题。
空间数据库(Spatial Database,SDB)是随着GIS的开发和应用而发展起来的数据库新技术,它是GIS的重要组成部分,是其他应用部分的前提和基础。一个GIS能否方便、及时、准确地从空间数据库中获得所需的信息,关键在空间数据库的组织与管理。因此,只有对空间数据库进行合理的设计,才能开发出完善而高效的GIS。
传统GIS正经历巨大转变,已由最初作为一种用分层方式表示地理信息的软件系统,发展到关注地图代数和空间操作的地理信息科学阶段。随着个人计算的异军突起,GIS的焦点又转移到在个人计算机(Personal Computer,PC)机上提供地理与空间服务上。空间数据库是将地形、地物要素,通过包含地理坐标的点线面和地名文字标注等进行组织,并在特定的GIS平台和数据库平台上完成构建、阅览和系统应用等。
本文以云南丽江黎明为例,以ArcGis 9.1为平台,并结合ERDAS IMAGINE8.5,以地理空间数据库(Geodatabase)为基础建立黎明丹霞地质景观空间数据库,并对丹霞旅游地质地貌景观的GIS空间数据分析,如DEM分析、三维分析等。
由于用户对旅游信息数据直观性、生动性和丰富性的特殊要求,本文利用现有GIS组件MapObjects为平台,通过可视化开发工具VB完成黎明丹霞景点展示系统的制作。
With the economic development and constant improvement of the living standards of people, the tourism industry has become more prosperous. The Multimedia Technology and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology universal application, the city tourism authorities and tourism enterprises started to attach importance to tourism information system development and construction, the National Tourism Administration has held the touch-screen system as a tourist information for cities Excellent Tourism City score an important indicator. Tourism Information System (TIS) that distinguishes it from general information query system, and require a system to effectively manage geospatial graphics, multimedia data attribute data elements and tourism, visitors can quickly and easily among the realization of the two-way searches toward the index. Tourism Information System as the current development of the two main basic platform, there are certain flaws in GIS and multimedia productions. Popular at home and abroad multimedia production software Authorware, Director, and so on, these interactive software flexibility and performance practices, but the lack of effective management of tourism map, spatial query, analysis and statistical functions based on the integration of GIS software, such as MapInfo, Arcview, although a strong spatial data processing and analysis functions, but the lack of voice, video, animation and other media information, multimedia ineffective. They can only help text, graphics and tables to express and transmit the information space, a single approach to a large extent reduce the GIS spatial information processing and transmission of results. Multimedia technology will be used in GIS software or GIS will be part of multimedia functions throughout the system, the development of integrated multimedia model of regional tourism information system (Multimedia Tourism Information System, MTIS) is bound to enhance regional tourism information systems skills. Multimedia technology and the perfect combination of GIS, GIS for the development of open another new field, Multimedia GIS has become a hot issue.
Spatial Database (SDB), with Geographic Information System(GIS) and the development and application of the database to develop new technology, geographic information system it is an important component of the other applications is part of the premise and the foundation. Can a Geographic Information System to facilitate timely and accurate data from space to obtain the necessary information, the key lies in the organization and spatial database management. Therefore, the only reasonable spatial database design, to develop a sound and efficient geographical information systems.
Traditional GIS is undergoing tremendous changes, has been used initially as a layered approach Geographic Information System software, developed to concern map algebra and space operations for Geo-Information Science stage. With the sudden emergence of personal computing, the focus of GIS and transferred to the PC, providing geographic and spatial services. Spatial Database is the topography, surface features and elements contained by geographical coordinates of the point of names and words, such as tagging organization, and in particular the GIS platform and database platform to complete construction, access and system applications.
This article take Liming of Yunnan Lijiang as an example, take ArcGis 9. 1 as the platform, and unifies ERDAS IMAGINE 8. 5, based on the geography spatial databases (Geodatabase) of Liming, and Danxia tourism geological landscape of GIS spatial data analysis, such as the DEM analysis, Three-dimensional analysis and so on.
As users of tourism information and data visualization, vividness and richness of the special requirements of this use of existing GIS components MapObjects as a platform through visual development tools VB completed Danxia attractions display system production of Liming.
空间数据库(Spatial Database,SDB)是随着GIS的开发和应用而发展起来的数据库新技术,它是GIS的重要组成部分,是其他应用部分的前提和基础。一个GIS能否方便、及时、准确地从空间数据库中获得所需的信息,关键在空间数据库的组织与管理。因此,只有对空间数据库进行合理的设计,才能开发出完善而高效的GIS。
传统GIS正经历巨大转变,已由最初作为一种用分层方式表示地理信息的软件系统,发展到关注地图代数和空间操作的地理信息科学阶段。随着个人计算的异军突起,GIS的焦点又转移到在个人计算机(Personal Computer,PC)机上提供地理与空间服务上。空间数据库是将地形、地物要素,通过包含地理坐标的点线面和地名文字标注等进行组织,并在特定的GIS平台和数据库平台上完成构建、阅览和系统应用等。
本文以云南丽江黎明为例,以ArcGis 9.1为平台,并结合ERDAS IMAGINE8.5,以地理空间数据库(Geodatabase)为基础建立黎明丹霞地质景观空间数据库,并对丹霞旅游地质地貌景观的GIS空间数据分析,如DEM分析、三维分析等。
由于用户对旅游信息数据直观性、生动性和丰富性的特殊要求,本文利用现有GIS组件MapObjects为平台,通过可视化开发工具VB完成黎明丹霞景点展示系统的制作。
With the economic development and constant improvement of the living standards of people, the tourism industry has become more prosperous. The Multimedia Technology and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology universal application, the city tourism authorities and tourism enterprises started to attach importance to tourism information system development and construction, the National Tourism Administration has held the touch-screen system as a tourist information for cities Excellent Tourism City score an important indicator. Tourism Information System (TIS) that distinguishes it from general information query system, and require a system to effectively manage geospatial graphics, multimedia data attribute data elements and tourism, visitors can quickly and easily among the realization of the two-way searches toward the index. Tourism Information System as the current development of the two main basic platform, there are certain flaws in GIS and multimedia productions. Popular at home and abroad multimedia production software Authorware, Director, and so on, these interactive software flexibility and performance practices, but the lack of effective management of tourism map, spatial query, analysis and statistical functions based on the integration of GIS software, such as MapInfo, Arcview, although a strong spatial data processing and analysis functions, but the lack of voice, video, animation and other media information, multimedia ineffective. They can only help text, graphics and tables to express and transmit the information space, a single approach to a large extent reduce the GIS spatial information processing and transmission of results. Multimedia technology will be used in GIS software or GIS will be part of multimedia functions throughout the system, the development of integrated multimedia model of regional tourism information system (Multimedia Tourism Information System, MTIS) is bound to enhance regional tourism information systems skills. Multimedia technology and the perfect combination of GIS, GIS for the development of open another new field, Multimedia GIS has become a hot issue.
Spatial Database (SDB), with Geographic Information System(GIS) and the development and application of the database to develop new technology, geographic information system it is an important component of the other applications is part of the premise and the foundation. Can a Geographic Information System to facilitate timely and accurate data from space to obtain the necessary information, the key lies in the organization and spatial database management. Therefore, the only reasonable spatial database design, to develop a sound and efficient geographical information systems.
Traditional GIS is undergoing tremendous changes, has been used initially as a layered approach Geographic Information System software, developed to concern map algebra and space operations for Geo-Information Science stage. With the sudden emergence of personal computing, the focus of GIS and transferred to the PC, providing geographic and spatial services. Spatial Database is the topography, surface features and elements contained by geographical coordinates of the point of names and words, such as tagging organization, and in particular the GIS platform and database platform to complete construction, access and system applications.
This article take Liming of Yunnan Lijiang as an example, take ArcGis 9. 1 as the platform, and unifies ERDAS IMAGINE 8. 5, based on the geography spatial databases (Geodatabase) of Liming, and Danxia tourism geological landscape of GIS spatial data analysis, such as the DEM analysis, Three-dimensional analysis and so on.
As users of tourism information and data visualization, vividness and richness of the special requirements of this use of existing GIS components MapObjects as a platform through visual development tools VB completed Danxia attractions display system production of Liming.
引文
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[2]齐德利,于蓉等.中国丹霞地貌空间格局探讨.经济地理,(增刊).21-23.2006,4.
[3]何素芳,罗平,徐颂等.旅游信息系统建设模式探讨一以佛山市为例(J).地域研究与开发:65-68,2002.
[4]杨世瑜.旅游地质学.昆明:云南民族出版社,2003.8.
[5]陈安泽,卢云亭.旅游地学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1991.
[6]杨世瑜,王树芬.三江并流带旅游地质资源开发与环境保护.昆明:云南民族出版社,2003.8.
[7]彭华.中国丹霞地貌定义的讨论[C].经济地理,(增刊):107-110.1996
[8]彭华.中国丹霞地貌及其研究进展.经济地理,(增刊):1-14.2001.
[9][38]黄进.丹霞地貌坡面发育的一种基本方式[J].热带地理,107-134.1988.
[10]黄进,陈致均,黄可光.丹霞地貌的定义及分类.热带地貌,(增刊),丹霞地貌与旅游开发文集:37-49.1992.
[11]黄进.我对中国丹霞地貌的考察[C].经济地理,(增刊):200-223.2003.
[12]黄进.中国丹霞地貌的分布[C].经济地理,(增刊):31-35.1999
[13]彭华.丹霞山风景地貌研究[C].热带地貌,(增刊):66-76.1992.
[14]郑宝润.武夷山丹霞地貌景观及其旅游开发[A].热带地貌(增刊),丹霞地貌与旅游开
[15]彭华.齐云山丹霞地貌旅游开发[C].热带地貌,(增刊):53-57.1992.
[16]明庆忠,骆勤.云南丹霞地貌景观发育与旅游开发[C].经济地理,(增刊):177-183.1996.
[17]黄义忠,杨世瑜.三江并流带丹霞地貌景观地质成景作用[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报:271-272.2003.
[18]杨明德.贵州丹霞地貌发育特征及其旅游资源评价[C].经济地理,(增刊):19-28.1999.
[19][27]罗成德.四川盆地丹霞地貌旅游资源[C].经济地理,(增刊):170-176.1999.
[20]赵佩心.塞北丹霞地貌的形成与旅游开发[C].热带地貌,(增刊):66-76.1992.
[21]张忠孝.青海丹霞地貌资源特征及其旅游价值[C].经济地理,(增刊):75-80.1998.
[22]张林源、刘朝阳.甘青地区丹霞地貌旅游资源的特点和开发[C].热带地貌,(增刊):153-161.1992
[23]刘尚仁.丹霞地貌概念与外国部分丹霞地貌简介[J],地貌·环境·发展(2004丹霞山会议文集).北京:中国环境科学出版社.2004.12.
[24]彭华.蔡辉.阿切斯-丹霞拱桥大观园[J].经济地理.1988.
[25]张忍顺,齐德利.英国布雷肯-毕肯山国家公园简介.经济地理.2002.6.
[26]杨禄华.澳洲丹霞地貌特色及其旅游开发[J].经济地理,增刊.1999.
[28][35]黄进.中国丹霞地貌研究汇报[C].热带地貌,(增刊):1-11.1992.
[29]肖自心,邹文发.华南红层呈色机理的初步研究[C].经济地理,(增刊):62-67.1994.
[30][34]黄进.丹霞地貌河流阶地研究[C].经济地理,(增刊):22-26.1994.
[31]黄可光,陈致均.甘肃丹霞地貌与旅游资源[C].热带地貌,(增刊):162-173.1992.
[32]彭华.丹霞山风景地貌研究[C].热带地貌,(增刊):66-77.1992.
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