基于MapX控件的导航软件的设计与实现
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摘要
随着社会经济的不断进步,科学水平的飞速发展,世界上大多数国家都已经建立的四通八达的交通网。与日俱增的公路交通系统的复杂性和拥挤程度,使得路径规划系统和地理信息系统显得格外的重要。欧美的一些发达国家在路径规划技术和“数字城市”的研究领域一直处于领先水平。虽然我国在这个领域的起步比较晚,但是在该领域中的发展却很迅速,取得成绩也很突出,在一些大城市已经具备了欧美国家相应的技术水平。
本文首先介绍了电子地图在地理信息系统中起到的重要作用,电子地图的主要特点和两种典型的拓扑结构模型;其次对制作电子地图的工具软件MapInfoProfessional的特点进行了介绍并且对MapInfo格式的电子地图的数据组织结构以及绘制电子地图中所涉及的必要的理论知识进行了阐述,而且展示了用MapInfoProfessional制作电子地图的全部重要步骤;然后对MapX这款GIS控件的主要优点和突出的功能进行了讲解和分析,对MapX控件和MapInfo Professional软件之间的区别和联系进行了详细的说明;之后又描述了电子地图中道路的模型:节点一路段模型并且根据图论中的相关知识解决了路段的方向性问题;随后介绍了两种静态路径规划算法:Dijkstra算法、A~*算法,并且根据实验过程中遇到的实际情况,提出了改进的方法;最后通过软件演示的形式展示了路径规划算法和MapInfo格式的电子地图在导航软件中的应用,依据道路的不同情况,对每种情况下的相同两个节点之间的路径规划结果予以比较,同时对整个软件的电子地图的浏览、编辑、图层控制等功能也有详细的讲解。
本文的主要目的是根据地理信息系统和路径规划算法的理论知识,选择用MapX控件和Dijkstra算法,在VB的开发环境下实现一款导游软件。通过不断的努力,解决了在软件开发工程中遇到一系列的问题,从而使理论的知识和实际的应用有效的结合起来。使得实验中的导航软件在复杂的情况下能够有着良好的表现。本文实现的是静态的导航功能,今后在本文的实现结果上进一步进行无线功能的开发可以实时地解决动态导航的功能。
With the continuing development of the social economy and science, most countries in the world have built intense transportation nets. Since the increasing complexity and congestion of the transportation system, Route Planning System and Geography Information System have become so important and necessary. Some developed countries in Europe have taken advantage in the field of Route Planning and Digital City. Although our country got involved in this area during recent decades, we have gained huge successes and experience. Some megalopolises have possessed the advanced technologies, which developed countries have.
Firstly, this paper introduces the significant role of Digital Map in GIS, the features and two classic kinds of the topology model about Digital Map. Secondly, introduce the MapInfo Professional, which used to make the digital map, it expatiates the data structure of the map and the knowledge, which seemed necessary in making a digital map, and display the process how to use the MapInfo Professional to make a digital map. Thirdly, analyses the merits and functions of the MapX that used in this paper, show the relationship between MapX and MapInfo Professional. Later, describe the model of road in digital map, then figure out the problem of directions of roads, explain the static Route Planning Algorithms: Dijkstra, A*. According to problems encountered in the actual situation, improve the methods proposed. Lastly, use the navigation software to demonstrate Dijkstra algorithm and the application of the digital map, compare the different result of route planning for some situations of roads, the software accomplish these map function: browse, edit, control layer of the map.
The purpose of the paper is using MapX and VB language to develop a navigation software based on theoretical knowledge of GIS and Route Planning Algorithms. Resolving these problems encountered in developing procedure, So that theoretical knowledge and practical application have effective integrated. The paper implements the static navigation, in the future the realization of further development of wireless capability can solve the real-time dynamic navigation function.
本文首先介绍了电子地图在地理信息系统中起到的重要作用,电子地图的主要特点和两种典型的拓扑结构模型;其次对制作电子地图的工具软件MapInfoProfessional的特点进行了介绍并且对MapInfo格式的电子地图的数据组织结构以及绘制电子地图中所涉及的必要的理论知识进行了阐述,而且展示了用MapInfoProfessional制作电子地图的全部重要步骤;然后对MapX这款GIS控件的主要优点和突出的功能进行了讲解和分析,对MapX控件和MapInfo Professional软件之间的区别和联系进行了详细的说明;之后又描述了电子地图中道路的模型:节点一路段模型并且根据图论中的相关知识解决了路段的方向性问题;随后介绍了两种静态路径规划算法:Dijkstra算法、A~*算法,并且根据实验过程中遇到的实际情况,提出了改进的方法;最后通过软件演示的形式展示了路径规划算法和MapInfo格式的电子地图在导航软件中的应用,依据道路的不同情况,对每种情况下的相同两个节点之间的路径规划结果予以比较,同时对整个软件的电子地图的浏览、编辑、图层控制等功能也有详细的讲解。
本文的主要目的是根据地理信息系统和路径规划算法的理论知识,选择用MapX控件和Dijkstra算法,在VB的开发环境下实现一款导游软件。通过不断的努力,解决了在软件开发工程中遇到一系列的问题,从而使理论的知识和实际的应用有效的结合起来。使得实验中的导航软件在复杂的情况下能够有着良好的表现。本文实现的是静态的导航功能,今后在本文的实现结果上进一步进行无线功能的开发可以实时地解决动态导航的功能。
With the continuing development of the social economy and science, most countries in the world have built intense transportation nets. Since the increasing complexity and congestion of the transportation system, Route Planning System and Geography Information System have become so important and necessary. Some developed countries in Europe have taken advantage in the field of Route Planning and Digital City. Although our country got involved in this area during recent decades, we have gained huge successes and experience. Some megalopolises have possessed the advanced technologies, which developed countries have.
Firstly, this paper introduces the significant role of Digital Map in GIS, the features and two classic kinds of the topology model about Digital Map. Secondly, introduce the MapInfo Professional, which used to make the digital map, it expatiates the data structure of the map and the knowledge, which seemed necessary in making a digital map, and display the process how to use the MapInfo Professional to make a digital map. Thirdly, analyses the merits and functions of the MapX that used in this paper, show the relationship between MapX and MapInfo Professional. Later, describe the model of road in digital map, then figure out the problem of directions of roads, explain the static Route Planning Algorithms: Dijkstra, A*. According to problems encountered in the actual situation, improve the methods proposed. Lastly, use the navigation software to demonstrate Dijkstra algorithm and the application of the digital map, compare the different result of route planning for some situations of roads, the software accomplish these map function: browse, edit, control layer of the map.
The purpose of the paper is using MapX and VB language to develop a navigation software based on theoretical knowledge of GIS and Route Planning Algorithms. Resolving these problems encountered in developing procedure, So that theoretical knowledge and practical application have effective integrated. The paper implements the static navigation, in the future the realization of further development of wireless capability can solve the real-time dynamic navigation function.
引文
[1]吴晓强,李鹏,曲卫民编译.智能交通系统研究回顾与展望.国外公路.2000,20(4).36-40
[2]梁晓艳译.美国智能交通系统的发展.山东交通科技.1999,3.71-75.
[3]陈明杰.车载定位导航系统的设计与实现.哈尔滨工程大学.2002,12.21-25
[4]Kanwaljit,David Turner,Michael Shaw.Modernization of the Global Position System.ON GPS 2000,19-22 Sep.2000,Salt Lake City,UT,2175-2183.16-19
[5]张其善,吴今培,杨东凯.智能车辆定位导航系统及其应用.科学出版社.2002.7 52-60
[6]赵亦林著.谭国真译.车辆定位与导航系统.电子工业出版社.1999.35-41
[7]刘光运.电子地图技术与应用.测绘出版社.1996.26-33
[8]杨天军,杨晓光.GPS/GIS车辆实时监控调度系统研究.城市交通.2004 第一期
[9]李德仁.地理信息系统导论.测绘出版社.1993.32-38.7-15
[10]Albert J.Geospatial information standards,a comparative study of approaches in the standardization of geospatial information.Computer & Geoscience.1999.(25).9-25
[11]王恒.电子地图的建立及其运用.电子科技大学.2004.6.15-18
[12]Peter A.Burrough,Racheal A.McDonnell.Principles and Geographical Information Systems.Oxford University Press.1998.26-34
[13]Hinrich Claussen.Status and Directions of Digital Map Databases in Europe.In IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.Ottawa-VNIS.1993.56-62
[14]Susan Scott.Status and direction of map database standards efforts in North America.In:IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.Ottawa-VNIS.1993.42-49
[15]Masao Shibata.Current status and future plans for digital map databases in Europe.In:IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.Ottawa-VNIS.1993.38-45
[16]Paul A.Longley,Micheal F.Goodchild,etc.Geographic Information System(Volume 1)-Principles and Technical Issues.New York:John Wiley & Sons,Inc.1999.88-92
[17]李湘吉.GIS数据空间理论与空间分析算法的研究和应用.东北大学.2002,2.46-57
[18]刘春.导航电子地图中道路数据的空间索引和组织.工程勘察.2003.1.38-42.
[19]许五弟编著.地理信息系统构建与应用.中国建材工业出版社.2005.8.26-32
[20]詹舒波.导航电子地图技术及其应用研究.北京.北京航空航天大学博士学位论文.1996.1.
[21]罗云启,曾琨,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统建设与MapInfo高级应用.北京.清华出版社.2003.4.116-135
[22]刘光等.地理信息二次开发实例教程.北京.清华大学出版社.2004.7.103-124
[23]殷剑宏,吴开亚.图论及其算法.合肥.中国科学技术大学出版社.2003.7.22-39
[24]丁胜昔.基于数字道路地图的车辆导航系统研究.北京.北京航空航天大学博士论文.2004.37-48
[25]刘奇志.几种高效率的最短路径算法.应用数学学报.61-69.
[26]李元臣,刘维群.基于Dijkstra算法的网络最短路径分析.微计算机应用.2004.25(3).295-298
[27]乐阳,龚健雅.Dijkstra 最短路径算法的一种高效率实现.武汉测绘科技大学学报.1999
[28]Mark A.Allen Weiss.Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C.Pearson.1996
[29]Zhan F.B.Three Fastest Shortest Path Algorithm on Real Road Networks.Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis I 1997(1).69-82
[30]CALDWELL T.On Finding Minimum Routes in a Network with Turn Penalties.Communication of the ACM.1961 4(2).107-108
[31]Stefan Edelkamp,Stefan schrodl.Route Planning and map Inference with Global Positioning Traces.Computer Science in Perspective:Essays Dedicated to Thomas Ottmann.2003.128-151
[32]Adler J L.A Best Neighbor Heuristic Search for Finding Minimum Paths in Transportation Networks.Transportation Research Board 77~(th)1 Annual Meeting.1998.143-152
[33]MapInfo Professional Guide.New York.2003
[34]MapX Developer's Guide.New York.2002
[35]洪国胜编著.Visual Basic 5.0/6.0范例教程.北京.中国铁道出版社.1998.137-169
[36]何斌,王运坚,冯峰,刘醒.Visual Basic 6.0应用指南.北京.人民邮电出版社.148-192
[37]潘金贵,顾铁成,曾俭,滕远方等编译.现代计算机常用数据结构和算法.南京.南京大学出版社.1994.362-366
[38]陈建春.Visual C++开发GIS系统--开发实例剖析.北京.电子工业出版社.2000.162-163
[39]赵玲.基于MapInfo的城市公交信息查询系统的研究与实现.中南大学.2003
[40]张歆奕,吴今培,张其善.车载导航仪中路径规划算法及其实现.计算机自动测量与控制.2001.9.15-17
[2]梁晓艳译.美国智能交通系统的发展.山东交通科技.1999,3.71-75.
[3]陈明杰.车载定位导航系统的设计与实现.哈尔滨工程大学.2002,12.21-25
[4]Kanwaljit,David Turner,Michael Shaw.Modernization of the Global Position System.ON GPS 2000,19-22 Sep.2000,Salt Lake City,UT,2175-2183.16-19
[5]张其善,吴今培,杨东凯.智能车辆定位导航系统及其应用.科学出版社.2002.7 52-60
[6]赵亦林著.谭国真译.车辆定位与导航系统.电子工业出版社.1999.35-41
[7]刘光运.电子地图技术与应用.测绘出版社.1996.26-33
[8]杨天军,杨晓光.GPS/GIS车辆实时监控调度系统研究.城市交通.2004 第一期
[9]李德仁.地理信息系统导论.测绘出版社.1993.32-38.7-15
[10]Albert J.Geospatial information standards,a comparative study of approaches in the standardization of geospatial information.Computer & Geoscience.1999.(25).9-25
[11]王恒.电子地图的建立及其运用.电子科技大学.2004.6.15-18
[12]Peter A.Burrough,Racheal A.McDonnell.Principles and Geographical Information Systems.Oxford University Press.1998.26-34
[13]Hinrich Claussen.Status and Directions of Digital Map Databases in Europe.In IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.Ottawa-VNIS.1993.56-62
[14]Susan Scott.Status and direction of map database standards efforts in North America.In:IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.Ottawa-VNIS.1993.42-49
[15]Masao Shibata.Current status and future plans for digital map databases in Europe.In:IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.Ottawa-VNIS.1993.38-45
[16]Paul A.Longley,Micheal F.Goodchild,etc.Geographic Information System(Volume 1)-Principles and Technical Issues.New York:John Wiley & Sons,Inc.1999.88-92
[17]李湘吉.GIS数据空间理论与空间分析算法的研究和应用.东北大学.2002,2.46-57
[18]刘春.导航电子地图中道路数据的空间索引和组织.工程勘察.2003.1.38-42.
[19]许五弟编著.地理信息系统构建与应用.中国建材工业出版社.2005.8.26-32
[20]詹舒波.导航电子地图技术及其应用研究.北京.北京航空航天大学博士学位论文.1996.1.
[21]罗云启,曾琨,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统建设与MapInfo高级应用.北京.清华出版社.2003.4.116-135
[22]刘光等.地理信息二次开发实例教程.北京.清华大学出版社.2004.7.103-124
[23]殷剑宏,吴开亚.图论及其算法.合肥.中国科学技术大学出版社.2003.7.22-39
[24]丁胜昔.基于数字道路地图的车辆导航系统研究.北京.北京航空航天大学博士论文.2004.37-48
[25]刘奇志.几种高效率的最短路径算法.应用数学学报.61-69.
[26]李元臣,刘维群.基于Dijkstra算法的网络最短路径分析.微计算机应用.2004.25(3).295-298
[27]乐阳,龚健雅.Dijkstra 最短路径算法的一种高效率实现.武汉测绘科技大学学报.1999
[28]Mark A.Allen Weiss.Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C.Pearson.1996
[29]Zhan F.B.Three Fastest Shortest Path Algorithm on Real Road Networks.Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis I 1997(1).69-82
[30]CALDWELL T.On Finding Minimum Routes in a Network with Turn Penalties.Communication of the ACM.1961 4(2).107-108
[31]Stefan Edelkamp,Stefan schrodl.Route Planning and map Inference with Global Positioning Traces.Computer Science in Perspective:Essays Dedicated to Thomas Ottmann.2003.128-151
[32]Adler J L.A Best Neighbor Heuristic Search for Finding Minimum Paths in Transportation Networks.Transportation Research Board 77~(th)1 Annual Meeting.1998.143-152
[33]MapInfo Professional Guide.New York.2003
[34]MapX Developer's Guide.New York.2002
[35]洪国胜编著.Visual Basic 5.0/6.0范例教程.北京.中国铁道出版社.1998.137-169
[36]何斌,王运坚,冯峰,刘醒.Visual Basic 6.0应用指南.北京.人民邮电出版社.148-192
[37]潘金贵,顾铁成,曾俭,滕远方等编译.现代计算机常用数据结构和算法.南京.南京大学出版社.1994.362-366
[38]陈建春.Visual C++开发GIS系统--开发实例剖析.北京.电子工业出版社.2000.162-163
[39]赵玲.基于MapInfo的城市公交信息查询系统的研究与实现.中南大学.2003
[40]张歆奕,吴今培,张其善.车载导航仪中路径规划算法及其实现.计算机自动测量与控制.2001.9.15-17