温室番茄生长发育动态模拟系统
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摘要
本文对国内外关于作物生长发育模型与计算机模拟系统研究成果、发展现状等进行了较深入详尽的总结分析，在此基础上，对作物模型特别是温室园艺作物模型建立的基本原理、研究方法、技术难点、以及模型应用等关键问题进行了研究与探讨。初步建立了温室番茄生长发育动态模型，并开发出基于WINDOWS的模拟系统。
在消化吸收国外先进研究成果的基础上，结合中国设施园艺发展现状与水平，研究建立了以光合作用为核心、以干物质积累分配和植株形态发育为主要内容的温室番茄生长发育动态模型。
本研究采用面向对象及可视化软件设计方法，通过优化设计，开发得到了界面友好、功能丰富、便于维护和升级、具有自主知识产权的模拟系统；该系统集成了数据库、文档处理、图形图像处理与多媒体等先进技术，提高了系统的可视化程度；系统中还开发了模拟向导、日历换算等模块，提高了系统的通用性与综合应用效果。
通过模型参数调整，结合北京地区气候资源特征、温室部分实测资料、番茄品种的生理特性进行了模拟实验和理论分析。模拟结果表明：该模型能较好地模拟番茄主要生长发育过程及其与环境因子间的动态变化关系，与实测、文献资料相比，模拟结果的准确性和趋势有较好的一致性，对优化温室环境控制方案具有一定的参考价值。
作物模型的研究是一项非常复杂的过程，受研究条件、时间等的限制，模型本身尚需不断完善，模拟结果也有待进一步实际检验，部分参数还需进一步的优化分析。为此，本文针对如何验证模型的问题进行了实验方法的研究，并设计出了可操作的实验方案，为今后模型的进一步完善和实验验证提供了依据。
Through systematic summarization of the achieved research result and current status related to crop growth and development model and computer simulation system, preliminary analysis and research was made to describe rationale technique and method bottleneck practical application etc. for crop model development, especially for greenhouse crop. On the basis of analysis and research, a dynamic model was made for greenhouse tomato, and a computer simulation system based on MS-Window was developed using advanced software techniques.
In this research, the author widely adopted some advanced research achievements from abroad and homeland, and developed a dynamic model based photosynthesis, which could be used for prediction accumulation and partition of dry matter and morphological change of crop, and more applicability for China horticulture.
By using advanced techniques, a multi-functional simulation system was developed with friendly user interface, availability of software upgrade and maintenance and intellectual property due to integration of database and document management, graphics and image, and multimedia techniques, etc. Furthermore, in order to be more universal and integrated, some modules such as guidance and calendar control-piece were designed in the software.
On the basis of study and adjustment of model parameters, simulation analysis was made with climatic character of Beijing, and part of experiment data and physiological traits of tomato variety. The results showed that: the model could be useful to simulate the relationship between environmental factors and crop growth compared with experimental data and literature data, and it was much significant to provide reference for optimization of greenhouse environment control.
It is well known that study of crop model is very complicated process. From this view point, there are still lots of works which need to be done, such as experiment validation, optimization of some parameters, because of the limitation of experimental condition and time, and so on. In addition, the experimental scheme and method was designated in the paper for further validation and completion of the model in the future.
在消化吸收国外先进研究成果的基础上，结合中国设施园艺发展现状与水平，研究建立了以光合作用为核心、以干物质积累分配和植株形态发育为主要内容的温室番茄生长发育动态模型。
本研究采用面向对象及可视化软件设计方法，通过优化设计，开发得到了界面友好、功能丰富、便于维护和升级、具有自主知识产权的模拟系统；该系统集成了数据库、文档处理、图形图像处理与多媒体等先进技术，提高了系统的可视化程度；系统中还开发了模拟向导、日历换算等模块，提高了系统的通用性与综合应用效果。
通过模型参数调整，结合北京地区气候资源特征、温室部分实测资料、番茄品种的生理特性进行了模拟实验和理论分析。模拟结果表明：该模型能较好地模拟番茄主要生长发育过程及其与环境因子间的动态变化关系，与实测、文献资料相比，模拟结果的准确性和趋势有较好的一致性，对优化温室环境控制方案具有一定的参考价值。
作物模型的研究是一项非常复杂的过程，受研究条件、时间等的限制，模型本身尚需不断完善，模拟结果也有待进一步实际检验，部分参数还需进一步的优化分析。为此，本文针对如何验证模型的问题进行了实验方法的研究，并设计出了可操作的实验方案，为今后模型的进一步完善和实验验证提供了依据。
Through systematic summarization of the achieved research result and current status related to crop growth and development model and computer simulation system, preliminary analysis and research was made to describe rationale technique and method bottleneck practical application etc. for crop model development, especially for greenhouse crop. On the basis of analysis and research, a dynamic model was made for greenhouse tomato, and a computer simulation system based on MS-Window was developed using advanced software techniques.
In this research, the author widely adopted some advanced research achievements from abroad and homeland, and developed a dynamic model based photosynthesis, which could be used for prediction accumulation and partition of dry matter and morphological change of crop, and more applicability for China horticulture.
By using advanced techniques, a multi-functional simulation system was developed with friendly user interface, availability of software upgrade and maintenance and intellectual property due to integration of database and document management, graphics and image, and multimedia techniques, etc. Furthermore, in order to be more universal and integrated, some modules such as guidance and calendar control-piece were designed in the software.
On the basis of study and adjustment of model parameters, simulation analysis was made with climatic character of Beijing, and part of experiment data and physiological traits of tomato variety. The results showed that: the model could be useful to simulate the relationship between environmental factors and crop growth compared with experimental data and literature data, and it was much significant to provide reference for optimization of greenhouse environment control.
It is well known that study of crop model is very complicated process. From this view point, there are still lots of works which need to be done, such as experiment validation, optimization of some parameters, because of the limitation of experimental condition and time, and so on. In addition, the experimental scheme and method was designated in the paper for further validation and completion of the model in the future.
引文
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2 陈全星、金明现、徐春和，马桥园艺场植Ⅰ型智能温室计算机自动控制系统实施方案．植物生理学通讯，1997，33(5)：389～392
3 董仁杰，生态温室系统环境研究．博士学位论文，中国农业大学，1997
4 范云翔、孙廷琮、杨子万，智能型温室环境控制器的研究开发．农业工程学报，1997，13(增刊)：258～261
5 傅京孙，人工智能与专家系统．清华大学出版社，北京，1985
6 高亮之，水稻计算机模拟模型(RICEMOD)及其应用．江苏农科院研究报告NO．1，1989，1
7 高亮之、金之庆、黄耀，水稻栽培计算机模拟优化决策系统．中国农业科学出版社，北京，1992
8 黄丹枫、杨忠诚、牛庆良，关于温室工程发展的思考．上海农学院学报，1998，16(1)：59～65
9 李萍萍、毛罕平、王多辉，智能温室综合环境因子控制的技术效果及合理的环境参数研究．农业工程学报，1998，14(3)：197～201
10 林尧瑞、马少平编著，人工智能导论．清华大学出版社，北京，1992
11 戚昌瀚，水稻产量形成的动态仿真的研究．江西农业大学学报—作物模拟优化专集，1988，33～40
12 戚昌瀚，作物生产系统的模拟模型研究进展．江西农业大学学报(作物模拟模型专刊)，1991，1～6
13 宋伟、吴建国编著，中文Visual Basic 6.0编程基础．清华大学出版社，北京，1999
14 孙忠富、陈青云、吴毅明，计算机在现代温室中的应用现状及前景．农业工程学报，1998，14(增刊)：22～27
15 孙忠富，工厂化农业信息技术研究与应用展望．发展中的中国工厂化农业——工厂化农业可持续发展研讨会论文集，北京出版社，2000，9：242～248
16 孙忠富、张志斌、仝乘风、夏满强、巫国栋、陈人杰，温室番茄生产实时在线辅助决策支持系统的研制．农业工程学报，2001，17(4)：75～78
17 孙忠富、陈人杰，温室园艺作物生长发育模型研究现状与发展趋势．园艺学报，2001，28(增刊)：700～704
18 孙忠富、陈人杰，温室作物模型研究基本理论与技术方法的探讨．中国农业科学，2002，35(3)：320～324
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