某16V型柴油机相继增压性能分析
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摘要
相继增压技术是改善中高速大功率柴油机低负荷性能最有效的措施之一。为了提高某16V型船用柴油机的低负荷性能,本文以GT-POWER和STAR-CD软件为平台,对该柴油机进行了相继增压系统性能分析和结构设计。
本文首先采用GT-POWER软件建立了柴油机常规增压工作过程的仿真模型,模型计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,证明了可以在此仿真模型基础上进行相继增压计算。在此基础上对该机采用相继增压进行计算分析,并初步确定了相继增压的切换点。计算结果表明该机采用相继增压技术后,按螺旋桨特性,在40%以下负荷运行时,燃油消耗率降低了3.3g/(kW·h)～20g/(kW·h),增压压力提高了0.02MPa～0.09MPa,排气温度降低了60K ~104K,低负荷性能显著提高。在该柴油机相继增压稳态仿真模型基础上,建立了相继增压瞬态模型,对相继增压切换过程中参数变化进行了计算分析,初步确定了受控增压器的切换延迟,为相继增压控制系统的设计提供了参考。
相继增压系统的结构主要包括控制阀门与进排气系统。本文对燃气阀和空气阀的选型进行了计算分析,确定了满足该相继增压系统的阀门类型和尺寸,通过对燃气阀流道流场的计算分析,确定了燃气阀安装位置。
本文对排气系统进行了研究。设计了三种排气连通支管,采用三维数值模拟方法,通过对计算结果比较分析,得到了适合该柴油机相继增压的排气连通支管。一维/三维耦合计算模型,既考虑了一维模型中的动态效应,又能体现三维结构对柴油机性能的影响。本文应用GT-POWER和STAR-CD软件建立了一维/三维耦合模型,得到了排气管不同曲轴转角时刻的速度分布,较真实地模拟出柴油机间歇排气的情况,反映出排气管结构对流动的影响,为排气系统的优化提供了依据。
The sequential turbocharging (STC) technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the low condition performance of the highly turbocharged diesel engines. In this paper, in order to improve the low load performance of a 16V-type marine diesel engine, the structure of the STC is designed by using the software of GT-POWER and STAR-CD.
By using GT-POWER software, a calculating model of the 16V-type turbocharging diesel working process is set up. The calculated results tend to be in agreement with the experimental ones and then the STC diesel working process model is built. The results indicate that after employing STC,the diesel engine improves its low load performance distinctively. Based on the steady performance simulation model, the transition model is built for the STC diesel. The status switch process of the sequential is studied, and the calculated results show that the butterfly delay time step must be set properly during the controlled turbocharger switch-in process, that is the air valve must be opened later than gas valve, if the time step is too short, then the controlled turbocharger may be surge, but if the time step is too long, the basic turbocharger would appear unsteady phenomenon.
The structures of the STC system include the control valves and the intake and exhaust system. The calculation and analysis of the selection of air valve and gas valve are done in this paper, gains the valve that satisfies the STC system and the installation position of the gas valve is determined.
The exhaust system of the STC diesel is one of the main contents in this paper. Three types of the exhaust connective pipe model are designed. Then the three-dimensional mathematical models can be set up by using STAR-CD. And an appropriate type of the exhaust connective pipe can be obtained by analyzing the results comprehensively. One-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling model can not only consider the dynamic effect on one-dimensional model, but also reflect on the diesel engine performance influenced by three-dimensional structure. Based on the software of GT-POWER and STAR-CD, a one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling model for the STC diesel is set up. This model can simulation the actual intermittent operation of the exhaust system, and gains the velocity distributing at different crank angle. The results has provided the evidence for the exhaust system design and set the stage for the further research.
本文首先采用GT-POWER软件建立了柴油机常规增压工作过程的仿真模型,模型计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,证明了可以在此仿真模型基础上进行相继增压计算。在此基础上对该机采用相继增压进行计算分析,并初步确定了相继增压的切换点。计算结果表明该机采用相继增压技术后,按螺旋桨特性,在40%以下负荷运行时,燃油消耗率降低了3.3g/(kW·h)～20g/(kW·h),增压压力提高了0.02MPa～0.09MPa,排气温度降低了60K ~104K,低负荷性能显著提高。在该柴油机相继增压稳态仿真模型基础上,建立了相继增压瞬态模型,对相继增压切换过程中参数变化进行了计算分析,初步确定了受控增压器的切换延迟,为相继增压控制系统的设计提供了参考。
相继增压系统的结构主要包括控制阀门与进排气系统。本文对燃气阀和空气阀的选型进行了计算分析,确定了满足该相继增压系统的阀门类型和尺寸,通过对燃气阀流道流场的计算分析,确定了燃气阀安装位置。
本文对排气系统进行了研究。设计了三种排气连通支管,采用三维数值模拟方法,通过对计算结果比较分析,得到了适合该柴油机相继增压的排气连通支管。一维/三维耦合计算模型,既考虑了一维模型中的动态效应,又能体现三维结构对柴油机性能的影响。本文应用GT-POWER和STAR-CD软件建立了一维/三维耦合模型,得到了排气管不同曲轴转角时刻的速度分布,较真实地模拟出柴油机间歇排气的情况,反映出排气管结构对流动的影响,为排气系统的优化提供了依据。
The sequential turbocharging (STC) technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the low condition performance of the highly turbocharged diesel engines. In this paper, in order to improve the low load performance of a 16V-type marine diesel engine, the structure of the STC is designed by using the software of GT-POWER and STAR-CD.
By using GT-POWER software, a calculating model of the 16V-type turbocharging diesel working process is set up. The calculated results tend to be in agreement with the experimental ones and then the STC diesel working process model is built. The results indicate that after employing STC,the diesel engine improves its low load performance distinctively. Based on the steady performance simulation model, the transition model is built for the STC diesel. The status switch process of the sequential is studied, and the calculated results show that the butterfly delay time step must be set properly during the controlled turbocharger switch-in process, that is the air valve must be opened later than gas valve, if the time step is too short, then the controlled turbocharger may be surge, but if the time step is too long, the basic turbocharger would appear unsteady phenomenon.
The structures of the STC system include the control valves and the intake and exhaust system. The calculation and analysis of the selection of air valve and gas valve are done in this paper, gains the valve that satisfies the STC system and the installation position of the gas valve is determined.
The exhaust system of the STC diesel is one of the main contents in this paper. Three types of the exhaust connective pipe model are designed. Then the three-dimensional mathematical models can be set up by using STAR-CD. And an appropriate type of the exhaust connective pipe can be obtained by analyzing the results comprehensively. One-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling model can not only consider the dynamic effect on one-dimensional model, but also reflect on the diesel engine performance influenced by three-dimensional structure. Based on the software of GT-POWER and STAR-CD, a one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling model for the STC diesel is set up. This model can simulation the actual intermittent operation of the exhaust system, and gains the velocity distributing at different crank angle. The results has provided the evidence for the exhaust system design and set the stage for the further research.
引文
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[2]顾宏中.涡轮增压柴油机性能研究[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社.1998:1-6页,135-137页.
[3]任自中,王新权.国外中高速Pme船用柴油机的研发趋势[J].柴油机,2003,(6):1-5页.
[4]常汉宝.舰用大功率柴油机低负荷性能研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文. 2004.4
[5]顾宏中.船用大功率柴油机技术发展和研究[J].柴油机,2007,29(2):5-9页.
[6]王银燕,高维成等.应用MPC-相继增压系统改善船用柴油机低负荷性能的研究[J].内燃机学报,1999, 17(1):13-17页.
[7]陆家祥.柴油机涡轮增压技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:139-151页.
[8]尹晓青. 135型柴油机气门定时及升程的电控技术研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006.4
[9] ARSMCCUTCHEON, BSc, PhD, CEng, MWGBROWN, BSc, CEng, MIMemchE, Evaluation of a variable geometry turbocharger on a commercial diesel engine[J], C104/86 IMechE, 1986
[10]陈鑫凯,赵长禄等.旁通补燃系统改善柴油机外特性的仿真研究[J].内燃机工程,2006, 27(3):36-38页.
[11]杨世友,顾宏中,郭中朝.柴油机涡轮增压系统研究现状与进展[J].柴油机,2001,(4):1-5页
[12]朱大鑫.涡轮增压与涡轮增压器[M].机械工业出版社. 1992:500-511页
[13]黄建华,王银燕,王贺春.船用V型高速柴油机相继增压计算分析[J].船舶工程. 2005, 27(2):5-9页
[14] Tauzia X, Hetet J F, Chess P, et al. Computer aided study of the transient performances of a highly rated sequentially turbocharged marine diesel engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 1998, 212(3): 185-196.
[15] Benvenuto,Campora U. Dynamic simulation of a high-performance sequentially turbocharged marine diesel engine. Int J Engine Reach, 2002, 3(3)
[16](美国)Klaus Kunberger. MTU595新系列柴油机[J].国外内燃机车,1991(12):11-19页
[17] (日本)吉田正祐. MTU396系列柴油机[J].国外内燃机车,1997(6):1-8页
[18] (德国)M.Freita, C.Teetz. MTU8000系列新型柴油机[J].国外内燃机车,2001(4):3-9页
[19] Dinger H, Deutschmann H. Further developments of the MTU956/1163 series engines. Paper D72, CIMAC, Helsinki, Finland, 1981
[20]陆威崙.德国MTU柴油机的新技术[J].上海造船,1994,(2):63-67页
[21] (德国)M.Rudert, G-M.Wolters.新一代MTU595系列柴油机(下)[J].国外内燃机车,1992(6):1-8页
[22] F.Haug,B.Hermann. Development of MTU2000 Series Diesel engine[J]. MTZ Sonderausgabe, 1997, 14-23
[23] (德国)Martin Kurreck等.新一代MTU4000系列柴油机[J].国外内燃机车,2008(6):17-21页
[24] Stefan Mueller. Field Experiences with MTU20V8000 engines in various Marine Applications[J]. CIMAC 25, 2007: Paper No. 240.
[25] Jean-Lue ROLLAND.用于高速船舶的大功率柴油机[J].柴油机,2001(1):8-15页
[26] Danyluk P, et al. Benefits of Sequential Turbocharging in Improving High Torque/Low Speed Operation of Medium Speed Diesel Engines. CIMAC Congress 1998, TW980071, Copenhagen.
[27] Borila Y G. Some Aspects of Performance Optimization of the Sequentially Turbocharged Highly-rated Truck Diesel Engine with Turbochargers of Unequal Size and A Pulse Converter. IMechE, 1986, C105/86: 251-260P
[28]梁桂森,范建新,张南林.柴油机相继增压系统设计及性能模拟[J].柴油机,1998,(4):23-26页
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