面向家电产品的逆向物流关键技术研究
|
摘要
随着循环经济的兴起、环境法规的压力、经济利益的驱动以及生产者责任的延伸，逆向物流得到了迅速的发展。逆向物流是循环经济发展的重要手段，是闭环供应链的重要组成部分。本文在分析国内外逆向物流主要研究内容、方法及现状的基础上，针对废旧家电产品的回收特点，深入研究了逆向物流的体系结构，重点对废旧家电产品逆向物流的网络规划、库存管理和再制造生产系统进行研究。论文的主要研究工作体现在以下几方面：
(1)对逆向物流的概念、产生及发展进行了系统分析，深入探讨了逆向物流的内涵，并对逆向物流的研究内容和现状进行了分析和总结，建立了逆向物流系统体系结构。通过对逆向物流系统的研究对象、组成角色、功能和特点进行研究，建立了基于物流、工作流、信息流和资金流的逆向物流总体框架模型和废旧家电产品逆向物流系统过程模型、信息模型，提出了逆向物流系统的若干关键技术。
(2)建立了废旧家电产品逆向物流网络规划模型。分析了逆向物流网络设计的影响因素和逆向物流网络选址基本理论，构建了废旧家电产品再制造集成物流网络和独立逆向物流网络，利用混合整数线性规划法对两种网络分别建立数学模型，并利用遗传算法对模型进行求解。
(3)研究了逆向物流的库存管理，构建了允许缺货与退货的销售库存模型，对其最佳订货周期和最佳订货批量进行了深入研究；同时建立了返回和需求相互独立的再制造随机库存模型，研究了其最低成本控制策略。
(4)在分析再制造系统各种成本的基础上，提出逆向物流再制造生产系统成本结构。对于生产两种产品且具有不同优先级的再制造生产系统，根据两种产品返回速度和处理速度的不同以及库存容量有限的情况，建立了一个面向再制造系统的随机生产成本模型。
(5)对所建立的模型进行了数值分析和验证。以江苏、安徽、浙江和上海三省一市的废旧电冰箱回收为例，规划了冰箱回收网络；系统分析了各参数对库存模型和随机生产成本模型成本的影响，为废旧家电的库存管理和再制造生产提供了有益指导。
Reverse logistics has been developed quickly due to the arising of recycling economy, pressure of environmental rules, drive of economic interest and extension of producer responsibility. The system structure of reverse logistics on waste household appliances is researched deeply based on the survey of contents, methods and present situation of both Chinese and international research works. This dissertation focuses on the network planning, inventory management and remanufacturing production system, and the detailed works are as follows:
(1) The contents and connotations of reverse logistics is deeply discussed, and both Chinese and international research achievements are analyzed and summarized. Through the research on the objectives, roles, functions and features of reverse logistics, the framework integrating the material flow, work flow, information flow and capital flow is established. Concretely, the process model and information model of reverse logistics on waste household appliances is presented. Based on the framework, key technologies of reverse logistics are presented.
(2) Network planning model of reverse logistics on waste household appliances is built. Factors having impact on network design of reverse logistics are analyzed. The method of network place selection is presented. And the remanufacturing integrated logistics network for waste household appliances and independent reverse logistics network are established respectively. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is adopted to analyze these two networks, and optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) is given.
(3) Marketing model of reverse logistics and remanufacturing inventory management model are established. Based on the Vendor Inventory Management (VIM) with concurrence of return and stock out, the optimum order cycle (OOC) and optimum order quantity (OOQ) are researched within the cost optimization. And remanufacturing inventory management model and least cost control strategy are presented when product return and demand are both random and mutually independent.
(4) Cost model of stochastic remanufacturing production system of reverse logistics is built. With the analysis of all kinds of costs in remanufacturing system, cost structure of remanufacturing production system of reverse logistics is given. With different return rates and disposal rates of two products and the limitation of inventory capacity, a stochastic production cost model is established for the remanufacturing production system with different priorities to produce two kinds of products.
(5) These models are numerically analyzed and validated. With a case study of waste refrigerator recycling in Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Zhejiang Province and Shanghai, recycle network of refrigerator is built. The impact of return rate, lead time, hold cost and stock out cost on the costs of the two inventory model is analyzed. Additionally, the impact of return rate, production mass, production rate, and inventory space on the cost of remanufacturing produce system is discussed.
(1)对逆向物流的概念、产生及发展进行了系统分析，深入探讨了逆向物流的内涵，并对逆向物流的研究内容和现状进行了分析和总结，建立了逆向物流系统体系结构。通过对逆向物流系统的研究对象、组成角色、功能和特点进行研究，建立了基于物流、工作流、信息流和资金流的逆向物流总体框架模型和废旧家电产品逆向物流系统过程模型、信息模型，提出了逆向物流系统的若干关键技术。
(2)建立了废旧家电产品逆向物流网络规划模型。分析了逆向物流网络设计的影响因素和逆向物流网络选址基本理论，构建了废旧家电产品再制造集成物流网络和独立逆向物流网络，利用混合整数线性规划法对两种网络分别建立数学模型，并利用遗传算法对模型进行求解。
(3)研究了逆向物流的库存管理，构建了允许缺货与退货的销售库存模型，对其最佳订货周期和最佳订货批量进行了深入研究；同时建立了返回和需求相互独立的再制造随机库存模型，研究了其最低成本控制策略。
(4)在分析再制造系统各种成本的基础上，提出逆向物流再制造生产系统成本结构。对于生产两种产品且具有不同优先级的再制造生产系统，根据两种产品返回速度和处理速度的不同以及库存容量有限的情况，建立了一个面向再制造系统的随机生产成本模型。
(5)对所建立的模型进行了数值分析和验证。以江苏、安徽、浙江和上海三省一市的废旧电冰箱回收为例，规划了冰箱回收网络；系统分析了各参数对库存模型和随机生产成本模型成本的影响，为废旧家电的库存管理和再制造生产提供了有益指导。
Reverse logistics has been developed quickly due to the arising of recycling economy, pressure of environmental rules, drive of economic interest and extension of producer responsibility. The system structure of reverse logistics on waste household appliances is researched deeply based on the survey of contents, methods and present situation of both Chinese and international research works. This dissertation focuses on the network planning, inventory management and remanufacturing production system, and the detailed works are as follows:
(1) The contents and connotations of reverse logistics is deeply discussed, and both Chinese and international research achievements are analyzed and summarized. Through the research on the objectives, roles, functions and features of reverse logistics, the framework integrating the material flow, work flow, information flow and capital flow is established. Concretely, the process model and information model of reverse logistics on waste household appliances is presented. Based on the framework, key technologies of reverse logistics are presented.
(2) Network planning model of reverse logistics on waste household appliances is built. Factors having impact on network design of reverse logistics are analyzed. The method of network place selection is presented. And the remanufacturing integrated logistics network for waste household appliances and independent reverse logistics network are established respectively. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is adopted to analyze these two networks, and optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) is given.
(3) Marketing model of reverse logistics and remanufacturing inventory management model are established. Based on the Vendor Inventory Management (VIM) with concurrence of return and stock out, the optimum order cycle (OOC) and optimum order quantity (OOQ) are researched within the cost optimization. And remanufacturing inventory management model and least cost control strategy are presented when product return and demand are both random and mutually independent.
(4) Cost model of stochastic remanufacturing production system of reverse logistics is built. With the analysis of all kinds of costs in remanufacturing system, cost structure of remanufacturing production system of reverse logistics is given. With different return rates and disposal rates of two products and the limitation of inventory capacity, a stochastic production cost model is established for the remanufacturing production system with different priorities to produce two kinds of products.
(5) These models are numerically analyzed and validated. With a case study of waste refrigerator recycling in Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Zhejiang Province and Shanghai, recycle network of refrigerator is built. The impact of return rate, lead time, hold cost and stock out cost on the costs of the two inventory model is analyzed. Additionally, the impact of return rate, production mass, production rate, and inventory space on the cost of remanufacturing produce system is discussed.
引文
[1] 诸大建．循环型经济的崛起和是海的对策思路[J]．生态型城市与上海生态环境建设，2001：206-229．
[2] 李兆前，齐建国．循环经济理论与实践综述[J]．数量经济技术经济研究，2004，9：145-154．
[3] 吴季松．循环经济理念的最新规范与应用[J]．环境经济杂志，2005，8 (20)：13-15．
[4] 陆钟武．关于循环经济中物资循问题的分析[J]．中日循环经济理论与实践研讨会论文集，2002，10：69-80．
[5] 宋耀华．循环物流系统的结构和优化策略[OL]．国研报告，国研网，http://www.drcnet.com.cn/DrcNet/.
[6] 国世旭 姚效兴．如何利用逆向物流促进循环经济发展[J]．商业时代，2006，15：14-15．
[7] European Union. Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substance in electrical and electronic equipment. PE-CONS 3663/02. Brussels, 8 November 2002.
[8] 杨芩慧编译．日本回收家电再利用的启示[J]．电子电器科技，2000，6：10-13．
[9] 王倩．现代物流及供应链管理[J]．经济经纬，2001，6：38-39．
[10] 余文君．浅谈现代物流与供应链的优化[J]．商业经济，2004，252：18-1．
[11] 肖艳，赵启兰，兰洪杰．供应链管理环境下的物流管理[J]．中国流通经济，2001，5：14-16．
[12] 向盛斌．逆向物流与环境保护[J]．物流技术，2001，1：44-45．
[13] 王长琼．国外逆向物流的经济价值及管理策略初探[J]．外国经济与管理，2003，25 (8)：18-21．
[14] 胡继灵，方青．供应链的逆向物流管理[J]．物流技术，2004，1：47-49
[15] 刘光复，刘志峰，李钢．绿色设计与绿色制造[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[16] 网络调查国内外电子垃圾现状及处理状况综述[OL]．http://www.mtdep.com/bbs/printpage.asp?boardid=302&rootid=36&id=36
[17] http://it.sohu.com/20041216/n223512769.shtml.
[18] 徐滨士，刘世参，张伟，史佩京．绿色制造工程及其在我国主要机电装备领域产业化前景[J]．中国表面工程，2006，19 (5)：17-21．
[19] [2007-9-17]. http://www.wineast.com/business/busi_info.asp?info_id=1113107.
[20] [2007-07-18]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_59191ea60100096m.html.
[21] 国家信息产业部统计信息，2007年1-7月电子信息产业主要指标完成情况[OL]．http://www.mii.gov.cn/art/2007/08/27/art_27_32996.html.
[22] http://www.wsjol.com/article/2007-4/200741285234.htm.
[23] 中华人民共和国国家统计局邮电业务基本情况 2007年7月[OL]．http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/jdsj/t20070827_402430960.htm.
[24] 李金惠，温雪峰，刘彤宙等．我国电子电器废弃物处理政策、技术及设施[J]．家电科技，2005，(1)：31-34．
[25] 邱胜鹏．国内电子废弃物处理现状[J]．能源与环境，2006，1：61-63．
[26] 冯坤，蔡建国．我国电子产品回收企业的现状与展望[J]．机械设计与研究，2002，8(6)：11～13．
[27] 马凯．科学的发展观与经济增长方式的根本转变[J]．求是，2004，8：7-11．
[28] 李彬．构筑完整供应链—关于逆向物流管理的思考[J]．经济师，2004，9：155-156．
[29] Rogers and Tibben-Lembke. Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices[M]. Pittsburgh PA: Reverse Logistics Executive Council, 1999.
[30] 陈宇，唐春勇．逆向物流的有效管理策略分析[J]．软科学，2004，18(1)：30-32．
[31] 丁俊发．中国物流发展新进展与中国物流产业分析[OL]．http://wuliu.jx. n/wlxy/lisp.asp?id=3728, 2004. 10. 26.
[32] 郝冬梅，魏丽莉，郑刚等编著．回收物流管理[M]．北京：中国社会科学出版社，2005．5．
[33] Stock J. R.. Reverse Logistics[R]. Council of Logistics Management, Oak Brook, IL., 1992.
[34] Kopicky R. J. , M. J. Berg, L. Legg, V. Dasappa and C. Maggioni. Reuse and recycling: Reverse logistics Opportunities[R]. Council of Logistics Management, Oak Brook, IL., 1993.
[35] Moritz Fleischmann, Jacqueling M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Rommert Dekker, Erwin van der Laan, Jo A. E. E. van Nunen, Luk N. Van Wassenhove. Quantitative models for reverse logistics: A review[J]. European Journal of Operation Research, 1997, 103: 1-17.
[36] Dale S. Rogers and Ronald S. Tibben-Lembke. Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices[M]. Reverse Logistics Executive Council, Pittsburgh, PA., 1998.
[37] Marisa P. de Brito and Rommert Dekker. Reverse logistics-a framework[R]. Econometric Institute Report EI, 2002-38.
[38] V Daniel R Guide Jr, Luk N Van Wassenhove. The reverse supply chain[J]. Harvard Business Review, 2002, 80(2): 25-26.
[39] 徐滨士．绿色再制造工程——21世纪的重要产业[J]．航空制造技术，2002，6：26-28．
[40] 徐滨士，张伟，梁秀兵．21世纪的机械维修——绿色再制造[J]．航空制造技术，2000，6：45-46，61．
[41] 田宇，朱道立．精益物流[J]．物流技术，1999，6：19-21．
[42] 郑晓娣 季建华．逆向物流的概念和分类研究[J]．技术经济与管理研究，2004，1：96-97．
[43]H. J. Wu and S. Dunn. Environmentally Responsible Logistics Systems[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1995, 25(2): 20-38.
[44]Andle, Tom. Reverse Logistics: A Second Chance to Profit[J].Transportation and Distribution. 1997, 38(7): 25-30.
[45]E.Mrien. Reverse Logistics as Competitive Strategy[M].Supply Chain Management Review, Spring, 1998: 43-51.
[46]Moritz Pleischmann, Jacqueline M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Rommert Dekker, Erwin van der Laan, Jo A. E. E van Nunen, Luk Van Wassenhove. Quantitative model for reverse logistics:A review[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, 103: 1-17.
[47]柳键．供应链的逆向物流[J]．商业经济与管理，2002，128：11-13．
[48]戴勇．我国第三方物流产业环境驱动下的中小物流企业合作联盟[J]．中国流通经济，2002，3：4-8．
[49]魏洁，李军．EPR下的逆向物流回收模式选择研究[J]．中国管理科学，2005，13(6)：18-22．
[50]范江华．逆向物流运作模式研究[J]．物流科技，2004，15(4)：21-23．
[51]Bert Bras, Mark W. Mcintosh. Product, process, and organizational design for remanufacture—an overview of reseach[J] . Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999, 15(1): 167-178.
[52]Daniel R., Guide Jr.. Production planning and control for remanufacturing: industry practice and research needs[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2000, 18(4): 467-483.
[53]王发鸿，达庆利．电子行业再制造逆向物流模式选择决策分析[J]．中国管理科学，2006，Vol．14．N0．6：44-49．
[54]姚卫新．再制造条件下逆向物流回收模式的研究[J]．管理科学，2004，Vol．17 N0．1：76-79．
[55]徐剑，张云里．废旧电子产品逆向物流的模式决策研究[J]．物流科技，2006，Vol．29 N0．128：14-16．
[56]苏含秋，邓云霞．企业逆向物流模式的比较分析[J]．物流科技，2006，Vol．29 N0．129：45-48．
[57]常香云，范体军，黄建业．基于“生产者责任延伸”的逆向物流管理模式[J]．现代管理科学，2006，5：35-37．
[58]Blumberg, D..Introduction to Management of Reverse Logistics and Closed Loop Supply Chain Processes[M].CRC Press, New York, (eds) 2005.
[59]A.J. Spicer, M.R. Johnson. Third-party demanufacturing as a solution for extended producer responsibility[J].Joural of Cleaner Production. 2004, 12: 37-45.
[60]高风民．电子商务下企业物流模式探析[J]．物流科技，2003，5：18-20．
[61]董兴林．电子商务环境下现代物流发展模式研究[J]．山东社会科学，2004，6：114-117．
[62]Dennis W. Krumwiede, Chwen Sheu. A model for reverse logistics entry by third-party providers[J].Omega 30(2002): 325-333.
[63]恽伶俐，司马锡生．电子商务环境下的声逆向物流模式[J]．
[64]付晓帆，杨海荣，胡春．电子商务B2C市场逆向物流的模式选择与管理[J]．北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版)，2006，Vol．8，No．4：14-18．
[65]刘亚丽．B2C模式下的电子商务与退货管理[J]．中国管理信息化，2006，Vol．9，No．7：55-56．
[66]林波，孙晓梅．B2C电子商务模式中逆向物流的管理[J]．物流科技，2006，第29卷总第135期．
[67]刘满芝．逆向物流管理模式分析[J]．商业时代．理论，2005(24)：24-26．
[68]李健．浅析企业逆向物流运作模式[J]．商场现代化，2006(12)：140．
[69]朱远．基于循环经济模式的逆向物流推进策略[J]．中国物流与采购，2006(24)：70-71．
[70]Mortiz Fleischmann, Hans Ronald Krikke, Rommert Dekker, Simme Douwe P. Flapper. A characterisation of logistics networks for product recovery[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2000, 28: 653-666.
[71]肖文．产品回收再利用物流网络的特征及其分类[J]．物流技术，2004，2．
[72]Kroon L , Vrijens G. Returnable containers : an example of reverse logistics[J].International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management, 1995, 25(2): 56-68.
[73]黄芳，李宗平．可再用运输包装容器的逆向物流网络优化设计[J]．物流技术，2005，(4)．
[74]Matin A, Pelegrin B. The return plant location problem: modeling and resolution[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 104: 375-392.
[75]Jacqueline M. B1oemhof-Ruwaard, Marc Salomon, Luk N. Van Wassenhove. The capacitated distribution and waste disposal problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, 88: 490-503.
[76]Matin A, Pelegrin B. The return plant location problem: modeling and resolution[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 104: 375-392.
[77]Matthew J. Realff, Jane C. Ammons, David Newton. Strategic design or reverse production systems[J].Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2000, 24: 991-996.
[78]冷杰，熊寿刚．再制造逆向物流网络选址模型研究[J]．物流技术，2005，5．
[79]马祖军，张殿业，代颖．再制造逆向物流网络优化设计模型研究[J]．交通运输工程与信息学报，2004，2(2)．
[80]夏守长，奚立峰．再制造物流网络的研究现状及发展趋势[J]．工业工程与管理，2002，5．
[81]岳辉，陈宇，叶怀珍．可再制造产品逆向物流网络的构建[J]．铁道运输与经济，2005，27(11)．
[82]戴更新，侯云章．基于模拟退火算法的逆向物流网络设计研究[J]．青岛大学学报(工程技术版)，2005，20(3)．
[83]周垂日，梁棵，许传永．废旧电器的逆向物流规划模型研究[J]．预测，2005，24(6)．
[84]朱大海，李宗平．基于逆向物流管理的产品回收网络规划模型[J]．交通标准化，2005，(12)．
[85]马祖军，代颖．产品回收逆向物流网络优化设计模型[J]．管理工程学报，2005，4．
[86]金晨泽，张宏伟．基于低成本的逆向物流回收策略探讨[J]．铁道运输与经济，2005，27(11)．
[87]魏洁，李军，魏航．电子废物回收逆向物流模型研究[J]．物流技术，2005，1．
[88]Ralf Schleiffer, Jens Wollenweber. Hans-Juergen Sebastian. Application of Genetic Algorithms for the Design of Large-Scale Reverse Logistic Networks in Europe' s Automotive Industry[J]. IEEE, Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004.
[89]prank Schultmann, Moritz Zumkeller, Otto Rentz. Modeling reverse logistic tasks within closed-loop supply chains: An example from the automotive industry[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 171: 1033-1050.
[90]H. M. le Blanc, H. A. Fleuren, and H. R. Krikke. Redesign of a recycling system for LPG-tanks[J]. OR Spectrum, 2004, 26: 283-304.
[91]Patrick Beullens. Reverse logistics in effective recovery of products from waste materials[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science & Bio/Technology, 2004, 3: 283-306.
[92]Hokey Mina, Hyun Jeung Koa, Chang SeongKob. A genetic algorithm approach to developing the multi-echelon reverse logistics network for product returns[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2006, 34: 56-69.
[93]Thierry M, Salomon M, Van Nunen J, Van Wassenhove L. Strategic issues in product recovery management[J].California Management Review, 1995, 37(2): 114-135.
[94]Li-Hsing Shih. Reverse logistics system planning for recycling electrical appliances and computers in Taiwan[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2001, 32: 55-72.
[95]A.I. Sarros, R. Dekker, V. Scholten. A two-level network for recycling sand: A case study[J], European Journal of Operation Research, 1998, 110: 199-214.
[96] GiannisT. Tsoulfas, CostasP. Pappis. Stefan Minner. An environmental analysis of the reverse supply chain of SLI batteries[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2002, 36: 135-154.
[97] Tung-Lai Hu, Jiuh-Biing Sheu, Kuan-Hsiung Huang. A reverse logistics cost minimization model for the treatment of hazardous wastes[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2002, 38: 457-473.
[98] Kishore K. Pochampally and Surendra M. Gupta. A Multi-Phase Mathematical Programming Approach to Strategic Planning of an Efficient Reverse Supply Chain Network[J]. IEEE, 2003.
[99] Kishore K. Pochampally, Surendra M. Gupta. Efficient Design and Effective Marketing of a Reverse Supply Chain: A Fuzzy Logic Approach[J]. IEEE, 2004.
[100] Ovidiu Listes, Rommert Dekker. A stochastic approach to a case study for product recovery network design[J]. European Journal of Operation Research, 2005,160: 268-287.
[101] Bernd E. Hirsch, Thorsten Kuhlmann, Jens Schumacher. Logistics simulation of recycling networks[J]. Computers in Industry, 1998, 36: 31-38.
[102] Dr. Uwe Hansen. Reverse Logistics is the Key for Remanufacturing and a Sustainable Development[J]. IEEE, 2000.
[103] Vaidyanathan Jayaraman, Raymond A. Patterson, Erik Rolland. The design of reverse distribution networks: Models and solution procedures[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2003, 150: 128-149.
[104] Markus Hesse. Shipping news: the implications of electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2002,36: 211-240.
[105] Simpson V P. Optimum solution structure for a repairable inventory problem[J].Operation Research, 1978, 26(2): 270-281.
[106] Guide Jr, V. Daniel R, Srivastava, Rajesh. Repairable inventory theory: Models and applications[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997,102(1): 1-20.
[107] Heyman D P. Optimal disposal policies for a single-item inventory system with returns[J]. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1977, 24: 285-405.
[108] Muckstadt J A, Isaac M H. An analysis of single-item inventory system with returns[J]. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1981, 28: 237-254.
[109] Van Der Laan E A, Dekker R, Salomon M. An (s,Q) inventory model with remanufacturing and disposal[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1996, 46/47: 339-350.
[110] Kelle P. Silver E A. Purchasing policy of new containers considering the random returns fo previously issued containers[J]. HE Transactions. 1989, 21(4):349-354.
[111] Inderfurth K. Modelling period review control for a stochastic product recovery problem with remanufacturing and procurement lead times[R]. Working paper 2/96. Faculty of Economics and Mangement, University of Magdeburg, Germany, 1996.
[112] Kiesmuller G P, Scherer C W. Coputational issues in a stochastic finite horizon on product recovery inventory model[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2003, 146: 553-579.
[113] Kiesmuller G P, Laan Van Der E A. An inventory model with dependent product demand and returns[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2001, 72:37-87.
[114] Mahadevan B, David, PykeF, Moritz Fleischman. Periodic review push inventory policies for remanufacturing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2003,151: 536-551.
[115] Teunter R, Vlachos D. On the necessity of a disposal option for returned items that can be remanufactured[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002,75: 257-266.
[116] Sherbrooke, Craig C. METRIC:A Multi-echelon Technique for Recoverable Item Control[J].Operations Research, 1968, 16(1): 122-141.
[117] Kiesmuller. A new approach for controlling a hybid stochastic manufacturing/remanufacturing system with inventories and different lead times[J].European Journal of Operation Reseach, 2003, 147: 62-71.
[118] Fleischmann Moritz, Kuik Roelof, Dekker Rommert. Controlling inventories with stochastic item returns: A basic model[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2002, 138(1): 63-75.
[119] Fleischmann, M and Kuik, R.. On optimal inventory control with independent stochastic item returns[J]. European journal of operational research, 2002, 151:25-37.
[120] Kleber R., et al. .A continuous time inventory model for product recovery system with multiple options[J]. International journal of production economics,2002, 79: 121-141.
[121] Inderfurth , K.. Impact of uncertainties on recovery behavior in remanufacturing environment: A numerical analysis[J]. International journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1995, Vol. 35 (5).
[122]Kiesmuller G.. optimal control of a one product recovery system with lead-times[J].International journal of production economics, 2003, 81-82, 333-340.
[123]Laan, E. and Salomon, M.. Production planning and inventory control with remanufacturing and disposal[J].European Journal of operational Research, 1997, 102: 264-278.
[124]Korugan A. and Gupta S.. A multi echelon inventory system with returns[J]. Computers industrial engineering, 1998, 35: 145-148.
[125]Kim E.. Optimal inventory replenishment policy for queuing system with finite waiting room capacity[J].European journal of operational research, 2005, 161: 256-274.
[126]Kim E. and Oyen M.. Finite capacity multi class production scheduling with set up times[J].IIE Transactions, 2000.
[127]黄祖庆，达庆利．一个允许退货的库存控制策略模型[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2003， 33(6)：792-795．
[128]黄祖庆，达庆利，王冬冬．逆向物流具有时滞的一个EOQ扩展订货模型[J]．物流技术，2004，(5)：82-84．
[129]储洪胜，王京春，金以慧．反向物流库存模型控制策略[J]．中南工业大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，34(4)：432-435．
[130]Schrady D. A.. A deterministic inventory model for repairable items[J].Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1967, 14: 391—398.
[131]Nahmias S.. Managing repairable item inventory systems: A review[J].TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences, 1981, 16: 253-277.
[132]Mabini M.C.,Pi ntelon L.M.,Gelders L.F.. EOQtype formulations for controlling repairable inventories[J].International Journal Of Production Economics, 1992,28: 21-33.
[133]Richter K. The EOQ repair and waste disposal model with variable setup numbers[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, 95: 313-324.
[134]Richter K. The extended EOQrepair and waste disposal model[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 1996,45(1-3): 443-448.
[135]Teunter R..Economic ordering quantities for recoverable item inventory systems[J].Naval Research Logistics, 2001, 48: 484-495.
[136]Kleber, R., Minner, S., Kiesm. u11er. G.. A continuous time inventory model for a product recovery system with multiple options[J].international Journal of Product ion Economics, 2002, 79: 121-141.
[137] Dobos, I.. Optimal production inventory strategies for a HMMS-type reverse logistics system[J]. international Journal of Production Economics, 2003, 81 82:351-360.
[138] Dobos I., Richter K.. A Production / recycling model with stationary demand and return rates[J]. Central European Journal of Operations Research. 2004, 11:35-46.
[139] Laan, E.. Product remanufacturing and disposal: A numerical comparison of alternative strategies[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1996,45: 489-498.
[140] Teunter, R., van der Laan, E.. On the non-optimality of the average cost approach for inventory models with remanufacturing[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002, 79: 67-73.
[141] Brito, M and Dekker, R.. Reverse logistics-A frame work[R]. European journal of operational research, Econometric Institute Report EI, 2002, 38.
[142] Dennis W. Krumwiedea, Chwen Sheub. A model for reverse logistics entry by third-party providers[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2002,30: 325-333.
[143] V. Ravi, Ravi Shankar, M. K. Tiwari. Analyzing alternatives in reverse logistics for end-of-life computers: ANP and balanced scorecard approach[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineer, 2005, 48: 327-356.
[144] Hasan Kivanc Aksoya, Surendra M. Gupta. Buffer allocation plan for a remanufacturing cell[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineer, 2005, 48: 327-356.
[145] V. Daniel R. Guide Jr, Vaidy Jayaraman, Jonathan D. Linton, Building contingency planning for closed-loop supply chains with product recovery[J]. Journal of Operation Management, 2003, 21: 259-279.
[146] Richey, R. et al.. Developing effective reverse logistics[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2005, 34.
[147] Lee, J.. Critical issues in establishing a viable reverse logistic management program. IEEE conference, 2002.
[148] Beullens, P.. Reverse logistics in effective recovery of products from waste materials[R]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/ Technology, 2004.
[149] Brito, M. et al.. Reverse Logistics: a review of case studies[R]. Econometric Institute Report, EI 2002, 21.
[150] Kirkke, et al.. Business case Roteb: Recovery strategies for monitors[J].Computers and Industrial Engineering, 1999, 36: 739-757.
[151]Lu Q and Stuart J.. An investigation of bulk recycling and planning for an electronic recycling facility receiving industrial returns versus residential returns[J].IEEETransaction on electronic packaging manufacturing, 2003, 26 (4).
[152]Teunter, R. et al..Inventory strategies for system with fast remanufacturing[J].ERIM Report Series Research in Management, 2002, 77.
[153]Teunter, R. and Vlachos, D..Lot-sizing inventory systems with product recovery[J].Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2004, 46: 431-441.
[154]Aras N. , et al.. The effect of categorizing returned products in remanufacturing[J]. IIE Transaction, 2004, 36: 319-333.
[155]赵黎明，王迈，王刚．电子商务对反向物流的影响[J]．天津大学学报(社会科学版)，4(2)：101-104．
[156]柳键．供应链的逆向物流[J]．商业经济与管理， 2002，128：11-13．
[157]邹辉霞，荆海霞．基于供应链的逆向物流管理[J]．中国流通经济，2003，7：19-22．
[158]Thierry M, Salomon M, Van Nunen J, Van Wassenhove L. Strategic issues in product recovery management[J].California Management Review, 1995, 37(2): 114-135.
[159]Toktay L. B, L. M. Wein and S. A. Zenios. Inventory Management of Remanufacturable Products[J].Management Science, 2000, 46(11): 1412-1426.
[160]Linton J. D. and D. A. Jonhson. A decision support system for planning remanufacturing at Norte INetworks[J].Interfaces, 2000, 30(6): 17-31.
[161]吴洪坚，张晓萍，石伟，赵斌．面向供应链的物流信息平台研究[J]．物流技术与应用，2001，2：68-71．
[162]钱晓江．物流信息系统体系结构[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，31(6)：40-44．
[163]刘兴景，戴禾，杨东援．物流共用信息平台系统分析[J]．交通与计算机，2001，19(1)：34-38．
[164]黄培．现代物流导论．北京：机械工业出版社[M]．2005：268-272．
[165]Hamid Pourmohammadi. Green Logistics for Regional Industrial WasteMaterials and By-products[D]. The Degree Doctor of Philosophy, 2005：42-45.
[166]Sunil Chopra & Peter Meindl. Supply Chain Management Strategy Planning and Operation[M]. Prentice Hall, 2001.
[167]雷英杰 张善文 李续武编著．MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2005．
[168]Tijms H.. A first course in stochastic models[M]. Willey publications, 2003.
[169]www.ah.gov.cn.
[170]www.jiangsu.gov.cn.
[171] www.zhejiang.gov.cn.
[172] www. shanhai. gov. cn.
[173] www. zz91. com.
[2] 李兆前，齐建国．循环经济理论与实践综述[J]．数量经济技术经济研究，2004，9：145-154．
[3] 吴季松．循环经济理念的最新规范与应用[J]．环境经济杂志，2005，8 (20)：13-15．
[4] 陆钟武．关于循环经济中物资循问题的分析[J]．中日循环经济理论与实践研讨会论文集，2002，10：69-80．
[5] 宋耀华．循环物流系统的结构和优化策略[OL]．国研报告，国研网，http://www.drcnet.com.cn/DrcNet/.
[6] 国世旭 姚效兴．如何利用逆向物流促进循环经济发展[J]．商业时代，2006，15：14-15．
[7] European Union. Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substance in electrical and electronic equipment. PE-CONS 3663/02. Brussels, 8 November 2002.
[8] 杨芩慧编译．日本回收家电再利用的启示[J]．电子电器科技，2000，6：10-13．
[9] 王倩．现代物流及供应链管理[J]．经济经纬，2001，6：38-39．
[10] 余文君．浅谈现代物流与供应链的优化[J]．商业经济，2004，252：18-1．
[11] 肖艳，赵启兰，兰洪杰．供应链管理环境下的物流管理[J]．中国流通经济，2001，5：14-16．
[12] 向盛斌．逆向物流与环境保护[J]．物流技术，2001，1：44-45．
[13] 王长琼．国外逆向物流的经济价值及管理策略初探[J]．外国经济与管理，2003，25 (8)：18-21．
[14] 胡继灵，方青．供应链的逆向物流管理[J]．物流技术，2004，1：47-49
[15] 刘光复，刘志峰，李钢．绿色设计与绿色制造[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[16] 网络调查国内外电子垃圾现状及处理状况综述[OL]．http://www.mtdep.com/bbs/printpage.asp?boardid=302&rootid=36&id=36
[17] http://it.sohu.com/20041216/n223512769.shtml.
[18] 徐滨士，刘世参，张伟，史佩京．绿色制造工程及其在我国主要机电装备领域产业化前景[J]．中国表面工程，2006，19 (5)：17-21．
[19] [2007-9-17]. http://www.wineast.com/business/busi_info.asp?info_id=1113107.
[20] [2007-07-18]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_59191ea60100096m.html.
[21] 国家信息产业部统计信息，2007年1-7月电子信息产业主要指标完成情况[OL]．http://www.mii.gov.cn/art/2007/08/27/art_27_32996.html.
[22] http://www.wsjol.com/article/2007-4/200741285234.htm.
[23] 中华人民共和国国家统计局邮电业务基本情况 2007年7月[OL]．http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/jdsj/t20070827_402430960.htm.
[24] 李金惠，温雪峰，刘彤宙等．我国电子电器废弃物处理政策、技术及设施[J]．家电科技，2005，(1)：31-34．
[25] 邱胜鹏．国内电子废弃物处理现状[J]．能源与环境，2006，1：61-63．
[26] 冯坤，蔡建国．我国电子产品回收企业的现状与展望[J]．机械设计与研究，2002，8(6)：11～13．
[27] 马凯．科学的发展观与经济增长方式的根本转变[J]．求是，2004，8：7-11．
[28] 李彬．构筑完整供应链—关于逆向物流管理的思考[J]．经济师，2004，9：155-156．
[29] Rogers and Tibben-Lembke. Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices[M]. Pittsburgh PA: Reverse Logistics Executive Council, 1999.
[30] 陈宇，唐春勇．逆向物流的有效管理策略分析[J]．软科学，2004，18(1)：30-32．
[31] 丁俊发．中国物流发展新进展与中国物流产业分析[OL]．http://wuliu.jx. n/wlxy/lisp.asp?id=3728, 2004. 10. 26.
[32] 郝冬梅，魏丽莉，郑刚等编著．回收物流管理[M]．北京：中国社会科学出版社，2005．5．
[33] Stock J. R.. Reverse Logistics[R]. Council of Logistics Management, Oak Brook, IL., 1992.
[34] Kopicky R. J. , M. J. Berg, L. Legg, V. Dasappa and C. Maggioni. Reuse and recycling: Reverse logistics Opportunities[R]. Council of Logistics Management, Oak Brook, IL., 1993.
[35] Moritz Fleischmann, Jacqueling M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Rommert Dekker, Erwin van der Laan, Jo A. E. E. van Nunen, Luk N. Van Wassenhove. Quantitative models for reverse logistics: A review[J]. European Journal of Operation Research, 1997, 103: 1-17.
[36] Dale S. Rogers and Ronald S. Tibben-Lembke. Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices[M]. Reverse Logistics Executive Council, Pittsburgh, PA., 1998.
[37] Marisa P. de Brito and Rommert Dekker. Reverse logistics-a framework[R]. Econometric Institute Report EI, 2002-38.
[38] V Daniel R Guide Jr, Luk N Van Wassenhove. The reverse supply chain[J]. Harvard Business Review, 2002, 80(2): 25-26.
[39] 徐滨士．绿色再制造工程——21世纪的重要产业[J]．航空制造技术，2002，6：26-28．
[40] 徐滨士，张伟，梁秀兵．21世纪的机械维修——绿色再制造[J]．航空制造技术，2000，6：45-46，61．
[41] 田宇，朱道立．精益物流[J]．物流技术，1999，6：19-21．
[42] 郑晓娣 季建华．逆向物流的概念和分类研究[J]．技术经济与管理研究，2004，1：96-97．
[43]H. J. Wu and S. Dunn. Environmentally Responsible Logistics Systems[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1995, 25(2): 20-38.
[44]Andle, Tom. Reverse Logistics: A Second Chance to Profit[J].Transportation and Distribution. 1997, 38(7): 25-30.
[45]E.Mrien. Reverse Logistics as Competitive Strategy[M].Supply Chain Management Review, Spring, 1998: 43-51.
[46]Moritz Pleischmann, Jacqueline M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Rommert Dekker, Erwin van der Laan, Jo A. E. E van Nunen, Luk Van Wassenhove. Quantitative model for reverse logistics:A review[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, 103: 1-17.
[47]柳键．供应链的逆向物流[J]．商业经济与管理，2002，128：11-13．
[48]戴勇．我国第三方物流产业环境驱动下的中小物流企业合作联盟[J]．中国流通经济，2002，3：4-8．
[49]魏洁，李军．EPR下的逆向物流回收模式选择研究[J]．中国管理科学，2005，13(6)：18-22．
[50]范江华．逆向物流运作模式研究[J]．物流科技，2004，15(4)：21-23．
[51]Bert Bras, Mark W. Mcintosh. Product, process, and organizational design for remanufacture—an overview of reseach[J] . Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999, 15(1): 167-178.
[52]Daniel R., Guide Jr.. Production planning and control for remanufacturing: industry practice and research needs[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2000, 18(4): 467-483.
[53]王发鸿，达庆利．电子行业再制造逆向物流模式选择决策分析[J]．中国管理科学，2006，Vol．14．N0．6：44-49．
[54]姚卫新．再制造条件下逆向物流回收模式的研究[J]．管理科学，2004，Vol．17 N0．1：76-79．
[55]徐剑，张云里．废旧电子产品逆向物流的模式决策研究[J]．物流科技，2006，Vol．29 N0．128：14-16．
[56]苏含秋，邓云霞．企业逆向物流模式的比较分析[J]．物流科技，2006，Vol．29 N0．129：45-48．
[57]常香云，范体军，黄建业．基于“生产者责任延伸”的逆向物流管理模式[J]．现代管理科学，2006，5：35-37．
[58]Blumberg, D..Introduction to Management of Reverse Logistics and Closed Loop Supply Chain Processes[M].CRC Press, New York, (eds) 2005.
[59]A.J. Spicer, M.R. Johnson. Third-party demanufacturing as a solution for extended producer responsibility[J].Joural of Cleaner Production. 2004, 12: 37-45.
[60]高风民．电子商务下企业物流模式探析[J]．物流科技，2003，5：18-20．
[61]董兴林．电子商务环境下现代物流发展模式研究[J]．山东社会科学，2004，6：114-117．
[62]Dennis W. Krumwiede, Chwen Sheu. A model for reverse logistics entry by third-party providers[J].Omega 30(2002): 325-333.
[63]恽伶俐，司马锡生．电子商务环境下的声逆向物流模式[J]．
[64]付晓帆，杨海荣，胡春．电子商务B2C市场逆向物流的模式选择与管理[J]．北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版)，2006，Vol．8，No．4：14-18．
[65]刘亚丽．B2C模式下的电子商务与退货管理[J]．中国管理信息化，2006，Vol．9，No．7：55-56．
[66]林波，孙晓梅．B2C电子商务模式中逆向物流的管理[J]．物流科技，2006，第29卷总第135期．
[67]刘满芝．逆向物流管理模式分析[J]．商业时代．理论，2005(24)：24-26．
[68]李健．浅析企业逆向物流运作模式[J]．商场现代化，2006(12)：140．
[69]朱远．基于循环经济模式的逆向物流推进策略[J]．中国物流与采购，2006(24)：70-71．
[70]Mortiz Fleischmann, Hans Ronald Krikke, Rommert Dekker, Simme Douwe P. Flapper. A characterisation of logistics networks for product recovery[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2000, 28: 653-666.
[71]肖文．产品回收再利用物流网络的特征及其分类[J]．物流技术，2004，2．
[72]Kroon L , Vrijens G. Returnable containers : an example of reverse logistics[J].International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management, 1995, 25(2): 56-68.
[73]黄芳，李宗平．可再用运输包装容器的逆向物流网络优化设计[J]．物流技术，2005，(4)．
[74]Matin A, Pelegrin B. The return plant location problem: modeling and resolution[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 104: 375-392.
[75]Jacqueline M. B1oemhof-Ruwaard, Marc Salomon, Luk N. Van Wassenhove. The capacitated distribution and waste disposal problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, 88: 490-503.
[76]Matin A, Pelegrin B. The return plant location problem: modeling and resolution[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 104: 375-392.
[77]Matthew J. Realff, Jane C. Ammons, David Newton. Strategic design or reverse production systems[J].Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2000, 24: 991-996.
[78]冷杰，熊寿刚．再制造逆向物流网络选址模型研究[J]．物流技术，2005，5．
[79]马祖军，张殿业，代颖．再制造逆向物流网络优化设计模型研究[J]．交通运输工程与信息学报，2004，2(2)．
[80]夏守长，奚立峰．再制造物流网络的研究现状及发展趋势[J]．工业工程与管理，2002，5．
[81]岳辉，陈宇，叶怀珍．可再制造产品逆向物流网络的构建[J]．铁道运输与经济，2005，27(11)．
[82]戴更新，侯云章．基于模拟退火算法的逆向物流网络设计研究[J]．青岛大学学报(工程技术版)，2005，20(3)．
[83]周垂日，梁棵，许传永．废旧电器的逆向物流规划模型研究[J]．预测，2005，24(6)．
[84]朱大海，李宗平．基于逆向物流管理的产品回收网络规划模型[J]．交通标准化，2005，(12)．
[85]马祖军，代颖．产品回收逆向物流网络优化设计模型[J]．管理工程学报，2005，4．
[86]金晨泽，张宏伟．基于低成本的逆向物流回收策略探讨[J]．铁道运输与经济，2005，27(11)．
[87]魏洁，李军，魏航．电子废物回收逆向物流模型研究[J]．物流技术，2005，1．
[88]Ralf Schleiffer, Jens Wollenweber. Hans-Juergen Sebastian. Application of Genetic Algorithms for the Design of Large-Scale Reverse Logistic Networks in Europe' s Automotive Industry[J]. IEEE, Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004.
[89]prank Schultmann, Moritz Zumkeller, Otto Rentz. Modeling reverse logistic tasks within closed-loop supply chains: An example from the automotive industry[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 171: 1033-1050.
[90]H. M. le Blanc, H. A. Fleuren, and H. R. Krikke. Redesign of a recycling system for LPG-tanks[J]. OR Spectrum, 2004, 26: 283-304.
[91]Patrick Beullens. Reverse logistics in effective recovery of products from waste materials[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science & Bio/Technology, 2004, 3: 283-306.
[92]Hokey Mina, Hyun Jeung Koa, Chang SeongKob. A genetic algorithm approach to developing the multi-echelon reverse logistics network for product returns[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2006, 34: 56-69.
[93]Thierry M, Salomon M, Van Nunen J, Van Wassenhove L. Strategic issues in product recovery management[J].California Management Review, 1995, 37(2): 114-135.
[94]Li-Hsing Shih. Reverse logistics system planning for recycling electrical appliances and computers in Taiwan[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2001, 32: 55-72.
[95]A.I. Sarros, R. Dekker, V. Scholten. A two-level network for recycling sand: A case study[J], European Journal of Operation Research, 1998, 110: 199-214.
[96] GiannisT. Tsoulfas, CostasP. Pappis. Stefan Minner. An environmental analysis of the reverse supply chain of SLI batteries[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2002, 36: 135-154.
[97] Tung-Lai Hu, Jiuh-Biing Sheu, Kuan-Hsiung Huang. A reverse logistics cost minimization model for the treatment of hazardous wastes[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2002, 38: 457-473.
[98] Kishore K. Pochampally and Surendra M. Gupta. A Multi-Phase Mathematical Programming Approach to Strategic Planning of an Efficient Reverse Supply Chain Network[J]. IEEE, 2003.
[99] Kishore K. Pochampally, Surendra M. Gupta. Efficient Design and Effective Marketing of a Reverse Supply Chain: A Fuzzy Logic Approach[J]. IEEE, 2004.
[100] Ovidiu Listes, Rommert Dekker. A stochastic approach to a case study for product recovery network design[J]. European Journal of Operation Research, 2005,160: 268-287.
[101] Bernd E. Hirsch, Thorsten Kuhlmann, Jens Schumacher. Logistics simulation of recycling networks[J]. Computers in Industry, 1998, 36: 31-38.
[102] Dr. Uwe Hansen. Reverse Logistics is the Key for Remanufacturing and a Sustainable Development[J]. IEEE, 2000.
[103] Vaidyanathan Jayaraman, Raymond A. Patterson, Erik Rolland. The design of reverse distribution networks: Models and solution procedures[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2003, 150: 128-149.
[104] Markus Hesse. Shipping news: the implications of electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2002,36: 211-240.
[105] Simpson V P. Optimum solution structure for a repairable inventory problem[J].Operation Research, 1978, 26(2): 270-281.
[106] Guide Jr, V. Daniel R, Srivastava, Rajesh. Repairable inventory theory: Models and applications[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997,102(1): 1-20.
[107] Heyman D P. Optimal disposal policies for a single-item inventory system with returns[J]. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1977, 24: 285-405.
[108] Muckstadt J A, Isaac M H. An analysis of single-item inventory system with returns[J]. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1981, 28: 237-254.
[109] Van Der Laan E A, Dekker R, Salomon M. An (s,Q) inventory model with remanufacturing and disposal[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1996, 46/47: 339-350.
[110] Kelle P. Silver E A. Purchasing policy of new containers considering the random returns fo previously issued containers[J]. HE Transactions. 1989, 21(4):349-354.
[111] Inderfurth K. Modelling period review control for a stochastic product recovery problem with remanufacturing and procurement lead times[R]. Working paper 2/96. Faculty of Economics and Mangement, University of Magdeburg, Germany, 1996.
[112] Kiesmuller G P, Scherer C W. Coputational issues in a stochastic finite horizon on product recovery inventory model[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2003, 146: 553-579.
[113] Kiesmuller G P, Laan Van Der E A. An inventory model with dependent product demand and returns[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2001, 72:37-87.
[114] Mahadevan B, David, PykeF, Moritz Fleischman. Periodic review push inventory policies for remanufacturing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2003,151: 536-551.
[115] Teunter R, Vlachos D. On the necessity of a disposal option for returned items that can be remanufactured[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002,75: 257-266.
[116] Sherbrooke, Craig C. METRIC:A Multi-echelon Technique for Recoverable Item Control[J].Operations Research, 1968, 16(1): 122-141.
[117] Kiesmuller. A new approach for controlling a hybid stochastic manufacturing/remanufacturing system with inventories and different lead times[J].European Journal of Operation Reseach, 2003, 147: 62-71.
[118] Fleischmann Moritz, Kuik Roelof, Dekker Rommert. Controlling inventories with stochastic item returns: A basic model[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2002, 138(1): 63-75.
[119] Fleischmann, M and Kuik, R.. On optimal inventory control with independent stochastic item returns[J]. European journal of operational research, 2002, 151:25-37.
[120] Kleber R., et al. .A continuous time inventory model for product recovery system with multiple options[J]. International journal of production economics,2002, 79: 121-141.
[121] Inderfurth , K.. Impact of uncertainties on recovery behavior in remanufacturing environment: A numerical analysis[J]. International journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1995, Vol. 35 (5).
[122]Kiesmuller G.. optimal control of a one product recovery system with lead-times[J].International journal of production economics, 2003, 81-82, 333-340.
[123]Laan, E. and Salomon, M.. Production planning and inventory control with remanufacturing and disposal[J].European Journal of operational Research, 1997, 102: 264-278.
[124]Korugan A. and Gupta S.. A multi echelon inventory system with returns[J]. Computers industrial engineering, 1998, 35: 145-148.
[125]Kim E.. Optimal inventory replenishment policy for queuing system with finite waiting room capacity[J].European journal of operational research, 2005, 161: 256-274.
[126]Kim E. and Oyen M.. Finite capacity multi class production scheduling with set up times[J].IIE Transactions, 2000.
[127]黄祖庆，达庆利．一个允许退货的库存控制策略模型[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2003， 33(6)：792-795．
[128]黄祖庆，达庆利，王冬冬．逆向物流具有时滞的一个EOQ扩展订货模型[J]．物流技术，2004，(5)：82-84．
[129]储洪胜，王京春，金以慧．反向物流库存模型控制策略[J]．中南工业大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，34(4)：432-435．
[130]Schrady D. A.. A deterministic inventory model for repairable items[J].Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1967, 14: 391—398.
[131]Nahmias S.. Managing repairable item inventory systems: A review[J].TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences, 1981, 16: 253-277.
[132]Mabini M.C.,Pi ntelon L.M.,Gelders L.F.. EOQtype formulations for controlling repairable inventories[J].International Journal Of Production Economics, 1992,28: 21-33.
[133]Richter K. The EOQ repair and waste disposal model with variable setup numbers[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, 95: 313-324.
[134]Richter K. The extended EOQrepair and waste disposal model[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 1996,45(1-3): 443-448.
[135]Teunter R..Economic ordering quantities for recoverable item inventory systems[J].Naval Research Logistics, 2001, 48: 484-495.
[136]Kleber, R., Minner, S., Kiesm. u11er. G.. A continuous time inventory model for a product recovery system with multiple options[J].international Journal of Product ion Economics, 2002, 79: 121-141.
[137] Dobos, I.. Optimal production inventory strategies for a HMMS-type reverse logistics system[J]. international Journal of Production Economics, 2003, 81 82:351-360.
[138] Dobos I., Richter K.. A Production / recycling model with stationary demand and return rates[J]. Central European Journal of Operations Research. 2004, 11:35-46.
[139] Laan, E.. Product remanufacturing and disposal: A numerical comparison of alternative strategies[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1996,45: 489-498.
[140] Teunter, R., van der Laan, E.. On the non-optimality of the average cost approach for inventory models with remanufacturing[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002, 79: 67-73.
[141] Brito, M and Dekker, R.. Reverse logistics-A frame work[R]. European journal of operational research, Econometric Institute Report EI, 2002, 38.
[142] Dennis W. Krumwiedea, Chwen Sheub. A model for reverse logistics entry by third-party providers[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2002,30: 325-333.
[143] V. Ravi, Ravi Shankar, M. K. Tiwari. Analyzing alternatives in reverse logistics for end-of-life computers: ANP and balanced scorecard approach[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineer, 2005, 48: 327-356.
[144] Hasan Kivanc Aksoya, Surendra M. Gupta. Buffer allocation plan for a remanufacturing cell[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineer, 2005, 48: 327-356.
[145] V. Daniel R. Guide Jr, Vaidy Jayaraman, Jonathan D. Linton, Building contingency planning for closed-loop supply chains with product recovery[J]. Journal of Operation Management, 2003, 21: 259-279.
[146] Richey, R. et al.. Developing effective reverse logistics[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2005, 34.
[147] Lee, J.. Critical issues in establishing a viable reverse logistic management program. IEEE conference, 2002.
[148] Beullens, P.. Reverse logistics in effective recovery of products from waste materials[R]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/ Technology, 2004.
[149] Brito, M. et al.. Reverse Logistics: a review of case studies[R]. Econometric Institute Report, EI 2002, 21.
[150] Kirkke, et al.. Business case Roteb: Recovery strategies for monitors[J].Computers and Industrial Engineering, 1999, 36: 739-757.
[151]Lu Q and Stuart J.. An investigation of bulk recycling and planning for an electronic recycling facility receiving industrial returns versus residential returns[J].IEEETransaction on electronic packaging manufacturing, 2003, 26 (4).
[152]Teunter, R. et al..Inventory strategies for system with fast remanufacturing[J].ERIM Report Series Research in Management, 2002, 77.
[153]Teunter, R. and Vlachos, D..Lot-sizing inventory systems with product recovery[J].Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2004, 46: 431-441.
[154]Aras N. , et al.. The effect of categorizing returned products in remanufacturing[J]. IIE Transaction, 2004, 36: 319-333.
[155]赵黎明，王迈，王刚．电子商务对反向物流的影响[J]．天津大学学报(社会科学版)，4(2)：101-104．
[156]柳键．供应链的逆向物流[J]．商业经济与管理， 2002，128：11-13．
[157]邹辉霞，荆海霞．基于供应链的逆向物流管理[J]．中国流通经济，2003，7：19-22．
[158]Thierry M, Salomon M, Van Nunen J, Van Wassenhove L. Strategic issues in product recovery management[J].California Management Review, 1995, 37(2): 114-135.
[159]Toktay L. B, L. M. Wein and S. A. Zenios. Inventory Management of Remanufacturable Products[J].Management Science, 2000, 46(11): 1412-1426.
[160]Linton J. D. and D. A. Jonhson. A decision support system for planning remanufacturing at Norte INetworks[J].Interfaces, 2000, 30(6): 17-31.
[161]吴洪坚，张晓萍，石伟，赵斌．面向供应链的物流信息平台研究[J]．物流技术与应用，2001，2：68-71．
[162]钱晓江．物流信息系统体系结构[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，31(6)：40-44．
[163]刘兴景，戴禾，杨东援．物流共用信息平台系统分析[J]．交通与计算机，2001，19(1)：34-38．
[164]黄培．现代物流导论．北京：机械工业出版社[M]．2005：268-272．
[165]Hamid Pourmohammadi. Green Logistics for Regional Industrial WasteMaterials and By-products[D]. The Degree Doctor of Philosophy, 2005：42-45.
[166]Sunil Chopra & Peter Meindl. Supply Chain Management Strategy Planning and Operation[M]. Prentice Hall, 2001.
[167]雷英杰 张善文 李续武编著．MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2005．
[168]Tijms H.. A first course in stochastic models[M]. Willey publications, 2003.
[169]www.ah.gov.cn.
[170]www.jiangsu.gov.cn.
[171] www.zhejiang.gov.cn.
[172] www. shanhai. gov. cn.
[173] www. zz91. com.