《傲慢与偏见》与《劝导》中婚姻模式的对比研究
|
摘要
简·奥斯丁的两部作品《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》都描写了婚姻与爱情,然而这两部作品中所描写的婚姻模式却大相径庭。
在前期代表作《傲慢与偏见》这部小说里,奥斯丁描述了五种婚姻模式,其中男女主人公达西和伊丽莎白的婚姻是以爱情为基础,财产为保障的。在他们的婚姻模式中,爱情和财产是必不可少的要素,二者对于婚姻起着同等重要的作用。
《劝导》是奥斯丁的最后一部作品,奥斯丁在这部小说里主要描写了男女主人公温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻模式。和《傲慢与偏见》截然不同,温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻摆脱了财产、地位的束缚,突出了爱情对婚姻的决定作用。
本文以女性主义文学批评理论为指导,通过对《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》的文本分析,比较了这两部作品中所描写的婚姻模式,揭示了后一部作品在婚姻模式这一方面的进步性,并且从社会因素、文学因素和个人因素三个角度分析了其进步的原因,从而得出结论：随着时代的发展,女性意识的觉醒,奥斯丁对于婚姻的观点也发生了进步性的改变。这种改变不但在当时的社会具有前卫性,而且在当下物欲横流、金钱至上的社会环境中,更具有现实意义。
简·奥斯丁的两部作品《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》都描写了婚姻与爱情,然而这两部作品中所描写的婚姻模式却大相径庭。
在前期代表作《傲慢与偏见》这部小说里,奥斯丁描述了五种婚姻模式,其中男女主人公达西和伊丽莎白的婚姻是以爱情为基础,财产为保障的。在他们的婚姻模式中,爱情和财产是必不可少的要素,二者对于婚姻起着同等重要的作用。
《劝导》是奥斯丁的最后一部作品,奥斯丁在这部小说里主要描写了男女主人公温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻模式。和《傲慢与偏见》截然不同,温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻摆脱了财产、地位的束缚,突出了爱情对婚姻的决定作用。
本文以女性主义文学批评理论为指导,通过对《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》的文本分析,比较了这两部作品中所描写的婚姻模式,揭示了后一部作品在婚姻模式这一方面的进步性,并且从社会因素、文学因素和个人因素三个角度分析了其进步的原因,从而得出结论：随着时代的发展,女性意识的觉醒,奥斯丁对于婚姻的观点也发生了进步性的改变。这种改变不但在当时的社会具有前卫性,而且在当下物欲横流、金钱至上的社会环境中,更具有现实意义。
The dominant theme of both Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion is love and marriage, yet the marriage patterns in the two works are widely divergent.
Among the five marriage patterns in Austen's first novel Pride and Prejudice, the hero Darcy and the heroine Elizabeth's marriage is based on love, and secured by property. Their marriage pattern proves that a happy marriage cannot be separated from either love or property. What is more, love and economic considerations are of equal importance.
In Persuasion, Austen's last and the most mature novel, the marriage pattern of Wentworth and Anne Elliot is vividly depicted. Quite different from patterns in Pride and Prejudice, however, true love without the consideration of property or social status plays a decisive part in Wentworth and Anne's marriage.
From a perspective of feminist criticism, and applying text analysis method to analyze the different marriage patterns in Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion, the thesis demonstrates the progress of Persuasion in respect of marriage pattern from social cause, literary cause and personal cause, and thus concludes that, with changes of time and awakening of female consciousness, Austen's view on marriage has changed, which is not only progressive in the society of Austen's age, but also has practical significance in the money-oriented world nowadays.
The dominant theme of both Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion is love and marriage, yet the marriage patterns in the two works are widely divergent.
Among the five marriage patterns in Austen's first novel Pride and Prejudice, the hero Darcy and the heroine Elizabeth's marriage is based on love, and secured by property. Their marriage pattern proves that a happy marriage cannot be separated from either love or property. What is more, love and economic considerations are of equal importance.
In Persuasion, Austen's last and the most mature novel, the marriage pattern of Wentworth and Anne Elliot is vividly depicted. Quite different from patterns in Pride and Prejudice, however, true love without the consideration of property or social status plays a decisive part in Wentworth and Anne's marriage.
From a perspective of feminist criticism, and applying text analysis method to analyze the different marriage patterns in Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion, the thesis demonstrates the progress of Persuasion in respect of marriage pattern from social cause, literary cause and personal cause, and thus concludes that, with changes of time and awakening of female consciousness, Austen's view on marriage has changed, which is not only progressive in the society of Austen's age, but also has practical significance in the money-oriented world nowadays.
在前期代表作《傲慢与偏见》这部小说里,奥斯丁描述了五种婚姻模式,其中男女主人公达西和伊丽莎白的婚姻是以爱情为基础,财产为保障的。在他们的婚姻模式中,爱情和财产是必不可少的要素,二者对于婚姻起着同等重要的作用。
《劝导》是奥斯丁的最后一部作品,奥斯丁在这部小说里主要描写了男女主人公温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻模式。和《傲慢与偏见》截然不同,温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻摆脱了财产、地位的束缚,突出了爱情对婚姻的决定作用。
本文以女性主义文学批评理论为指导,通过对《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》的文本分析,比较了这两部作品中所描写的婚姻模式,揭示了后一部作品在婚姻模式这一方面的进步性,并且从社会因素、文学因素和个人因素三个角度分析了其进步的原因,从而得出结论：随着时代的发展,女性意识的觉醒,奥斯丁对于婚姻的观点也发生了进步性的改变。这种改变不但在当时的社会具有前卫性,而且在当下物欲横流、金钱至上的社会环境中,更具有现实意义。
简·奥斯丁的两部作品《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》都描写了婚姻与爱情,然而这两部作品中所描写的婚姻模式却大相径庭。
在前期代表作《傲慢与偏见》这部小说里,奥斯丁描述了五种婚姻模式,其中男女主人公达西和伊丽莎白的婚姻是以爱情为基础,财产为保障的。在他们的婚姻模式中,爱情和财产是必不可少的要素,二者对于婚姻起着同等重要的作用。
《劝导》是奥斯丁的最后一部作品,奥斯丁在这部小说里主要描写了男女主人公温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻模式。和《傲慢与偏见》截然不同,温特沃斯和安妮的婚姻摆脱了财产、地位的束缚,突出了爱情对婚姻的决定作用。
本文以女性主义文学批评理论为指导,通过对《傲慢与偏见》和《劝导》的文本分析,比较了这两部作品中所描写的婚姻模式,揭示了后一部作品在婚姻模式这一方面的进步性,并且从社会因素、文学因素和个人因素三个角度分析了其进步的原因,从而得出结论：随着时代的发展,女性意识的觉醒,奥斯丁对于婚姻的观点也发生了进步性的改变。这种改变不但在当时的社会具有前卫性,而且在当下物欲横流、金钱至上的社会环境中,更具有现实意义。
The dominant theme of both Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion is love and marriage, yet the marriage patterns in the two works are widely divergent.
Among the five marriage patterns in Austen's first novel Pride and Prejudice, the hero Darcy and the heroine Elizabeth's marriage is based on love, and secured by property. Their marriage pattern proves that a happy marriage cannot be separated from either love or property. What is more, love and economic considerations are of equal importance.
In Persuasion, Austen's last and the most mature novel, the marriage pattern of Wentworth and Anne Elliot is vividly depicted. Quite different from patterns in Pride and Prejudice, however, true love without the consideration of property or social status plays a decisive part in Wentworth and Anne's marriage.
From a perspective of feminist criticism, and applying text analysis method to analyze the different marriage patterns in Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion, the thesis demonstrates the progress of Persuasion in respect of marriage pattern from social cause, literary cause and personal cause, and thus concludes that, with changes of time and awakening of female consciousness, Austen's view on marriage has changed, which is not only progressive in the society of Austen's age, but also has practical significance in the money-oriented world nowadays.
The dominant theme of both Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion is love and marriage, yet the marriage patterns in the two works are widely divergent.
Among the five marriage patterns in Austen's first novel Pride and Prejudice, the hero Darcy and the heroine Elizabeth's marriage is based on love, and secured by property. Their marriage pattern proves that a happy marriage cannot be separated from either love or property. What is more, love and economic considerations are of equal importance.
In Persuasion, Austen's last and the most mature novel, the marriage pattern of Wentworth and Anne Elliot is vividly depicted. Quite different from patterns in Pride and Prejudice, however, true love without the consideration of property or social status plays a decisive part in Wentworth and Anne's marriage.
From a perspective of feminist criticism, and applying text analysis method to analyze the different marriage patterns in Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion, the thesis demonstrates the progress of Persuasion in respect of marriage pattern from social cause, literary cause and personal cause, and thus concludes that, with changes of time and awakening of female consciousness, Austen's view on marriage has changed, which is not only progressive in the society of Austen's age, but also has practical significance in the money-oriented world nowadays.
引文
1. BBC News, "Shakespeare voted millennium's best writer," World sec., Mar.1,1999, retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/286082.stm.
2. Duiker and Spielvogel,549-551.
3. Claudia,3-6.
4. Todd,257-260.
5. Austen, Pride and Prejudice,139.
6. Todd,254.
7. Austen and Jones,204-205.
8. Tomalin,13-16.
9. Ibid.,28-29.
10. Le Faye,66.
11. "Jane Austen. Biography and complete works," Books of the World home, July 25, 2010, retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
12. David,187-189.
13. Le Faye,92.
14. Litz,59-60.
15. Todd, "Life and Works",8.
16. Honan,189-198.
17. Austen and Jones, "Friday 18-Sunday 20 November 1814",181.
18. Honan,213-214.
19. Ibid.,237-245.
20. Le Faye,8-10.
21. Ibid.,10-11.
22. Austen, Emma,138.
23. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.1,22.
24. ——, "Lewes:The Great Appraisal 1859", Vol.1,170.
25. Austen-Leigh,7.
26. Johnson, Claudia L,211.
27. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,70.
28. Watt, "Introduction",5-6.
29. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,13-14.
30. ——, "Lewes:Jane Austen the'artist'1852", Vol.1,155.
31. ——, "Introduction", Vol.2,107.
32. Ibid.,52.
33. Palph Waldo Emerson. Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909),336; Mark Twain, Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company,1897),615; Ezra Pound, review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen, Cambridge University Press,2008,33.
34. Woolf Virginia, "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader.
35. Wilson, "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties.
36. Southam, quoted in Trott, "Critical Responses,1830-1970",92; Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
37. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
38. Ibid.,99-100.
39. Ibid.,107-109,124.
40. Ibid.,127.
41. Copeland, "Further reading",253.
42. Todd,34.
43. Daiches,289-296.
44. Todd,35.
45. Austen and Jones, "Friday 29 Fanuary 1813",137.
46. Austen, Pride and Prejudice,22.
47. Ibid.,88.
48. Ibid.,98.
49. Ibid.,298.
50. Ibid.,14.
51. Ibid.,14.
52. Ibid.,81.
53. Ibid.,39.
54. Ibid.,308.
55. Ibid.,6.
56. Ibid.,4.
58. Ibid.,5.
59. Ibid.,103.
59. Ibid.,129.
60. Austen, "Monday 16-Tuesday 17 December1816",198.
61. Austen, Persuasion,126.
62. Ibid.,81.
63. Ibid.,106.
64. Ibid.,8.
65. Ibid.,33.
66. Ibid.,62.
67. Ibid.,83.
68. Ibid.,32.
69. Ibid.,32.
70. Duiker and Spielvolgel, "Chapter 19",551.
71. Austen, Persuasion,35.
Austen, Jane. Emma. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.
Austen, Jane. Persuasion. New York:Bantam Books,1984.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Popular Classics, London:Oxford University Press, 1984.
Austen, Jane, and Vivien Jones. Selected letters. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2009.
Austen-Leigh, James Edward. A Memoir of Jane Austen. Oxford University Press,2002.
BBC News. "Shakespeare Voted Millennium's Best Writer".1 March 1999. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/286082.stm.
Cecil, David. A Portrait of Jane Austen. London:Penguin,1978.
Copeland, Edward, and Juliet McMaster. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Auste.,
Cambridge; New York:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Daiches, David. "Jane Austen, Karl Marx, and the Aristocratic Dance" in American Scholar 17 (1948). Quoted in Ian. Watt ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall,1963.
Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., 2009.
Emerson, Palph Waldo. Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909); Twain, Mark. Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company, 1897):Pound. Ezra. review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. Quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Grey, J. David. ed. The Jane Austen Companion. New York:Macmillan,1986.
Honan, Park. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:St. Martin's Press,1987.
"Jane Austen. Biography and complete works". Books of the World home. July 25,2010. Retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
Johnson, Claudia L. "Austen cults and cultures" in The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Eds. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen:A Family Record. Second Edition. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
Litz, A. Walton. Jane Austen:A Study of Her Development. New York:Oxford University Press, 1965.
Liu, Bingshan. eds.[刘炳善],A Short History of English Literature. Zhengzhou:Henan People's Publishing House,2004.
Southam, B. C.. ed. Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1811-1870. Vol.1. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1996.---. Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1870-1940. Vol.2. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987.
Todd, Janet. Jane Austen in Context. London:Macmillan Pr. Ltd.,1981.
Todd, Janet. The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1997.
Virginia, Woolf. "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader. First Series. Retrieved from http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91c/index.html.
Watt, Ian. ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 1963.
Wilson, Edmund. "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties. New York:Farrar & Strauss,1950.
Wipprecht, Claudia. The Representation of Women in Early 18th Century England. Prentice Hall Press,2006.
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫.论小说与小说家.上海：上海译文出版社,2000.
管先恒.《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观.合肥联合大学学报,2001(4),89.
郭燕.简·奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.湖南师范大学,2008,09.
胡齐放.奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.外国文学研究,2005(5).
刘炳善.英国文学简史.上海：上海外语教育出版社,1988.
裘因.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁创作思想的转变.复旦学报,1992,116-119.
裘因.奥斯丁与英国女性文学.上海：《上海大学学报》(社会科学版),1996(6),28-33.
王波.从《傲慢与偏见》看简奥斯丁的婚姻观.国际教育论坛,2006.
王鑫.从《劝导》的人物塑造看简·奥斯丁晚期创作的特点.吉林大学,2009,04.
王秀梅.奥斯丁后期创作的新特质.求索,2008,03,196-198.
吴卫华.试析《傲慢与偏见》的女性写作立场.外国文学研究.2000(3),96-100.
杨柳.无与伦比的奥斯丁.辽宁教育学院学报,1995(6),56-58.
朱虹.奥斯丁研究.北京：中国文联出版公司,1985.
Austen, Jane. Emma. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.
Austen, Jane. Persuasion. New York:Bantam Books,1984.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Popular Classics, London:Oxford University Press, 1984.
Austen, Jane, and Vivien Jones. Selected letters. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2009.
Austen-Leigh, James Edward. A Memoir of Jane Austen. Oxford University Press,2002.
BBC News. "Shakespeare Voted Millennium's Best Writer".1 March 1999. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/286082.stm.
Cecil, David. A Portrait of Jane Austen. London:Penguin,1978.
Copeland, Edward, and Juliet McMaster. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Auste.,
Cambridge; New York:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Daiches, David. "Jane Austen, Karl Marx, and the Aristocratic Dance" in American Scholar 17 (1948). Quoted in Ian. Watt ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall,1963.
Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., 2009.
Emerson, Palph Waldo. Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909); Twain, Mark. Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company, 1897); Pound, Ezra. review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. Quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Grey, J. David. ed. The Jane Austen Companion. New York:Macmillan,1986.
Honan, Park. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:St. Martin's Press,1987.
"Jane Austen. Biography and complete works". Books of the World home. July 25,2010. Retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
Johnson, Claudia L. "Austen cults and cultures" in The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Eds. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen:A Family Record. Second Edition. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
Litz, A. Walton. Jane Austen:A Study of Her Development. New York:Oxford University Press, 1965.
Liu, Bingshan. eds[刘炳善],A Short History of English Literature. Zhengzhou:Henan People's Publishing House,2004.
Southam, B. C. ed. Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1811-1870. Vol.1. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1996. . Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1870-1940. Vol.2. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987.
Todd, Janet. Jane Austen in Context. London:Macmillan Pr. Ltd.,1981.
Todd, Janet. The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1997.
Virginia, Woolf. "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader. First Series. Retrieved from http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91c/index.html.
Watt, Ian. ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 1963.
Wilson, Edmund. "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties. New York:Farrar & Strauss,1950.
Wipprecht, Claudia. The Representation of Women in Early 18th Century England. Prentice Hall Press,2006.
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫.论小说与小说家.上海：上海译文出版社,2000.
管先恒.《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观.合肥联合大学学报,2001(4),89.
郭燕.简·奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.湖南师范大学,2008,09.
胡齐放.奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.外国文学研究,2005(5).
刘炳善.英国文学简史.上海：上海外语教育出版社,1988.
裘因.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁创作思想的转变.复旦学报,1992,116-119.
裘因.奥斯丁与英国女性文学.上海：《上海大学学报》(社会科学版),1996(6),28-33.
王波.从《傲慢与偏见》看简奥斯丁的婚姻观.国际教育论坛,2006.
王鑫.从《劝导》的人物塑造看简·奥斯丁晚期创作的特点.吉林大学,2009,04.
王秀梅. 奥斯丁后期创作的新特质.求索,2008,03,196-198.
吴卫华.试析《傲慢与偏见》的女性写作立场.外国文学研究.2000(3),96-100.
杨柳.无与伦比的奥斯丁.辽宁教育学院学报,1995(6),56-58.
朱虹.奥斯丁研究.北京：中国文联出版公司,1985.
1 BBC News, "Shakespeare voted millennium's best writer," World sec., Mar.1,1999, retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/286082.stm.
1 Duiker and Spielvogel,549-551.
1 Claudia,3-6.
2 Todd,257-260.
3 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,139.
4 Todd,254.
5 Austen and Jones,204-205.
1 Tomalin,13-16.
2 Ibid.,28-29.
3 Le Faye,66.
4 "Jane Austen. Biography and complete works," Books of the World home, July 25,2010, retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
5 David,187-189.
6 Le Faye,92.
1 Litz,59-60.
2 Todd, "Life and Works",8.
3 Honan,189-198.
Austen and Jones, "Friday 18-Sunday 20 November 1814",181.
5 Honan,213-214.
6 Ibid.,237-245.
7 Le Faye,8-10.
8 Ibid.,10-11.
1 Austen, Emma,138.
2 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.1,22.
1 Southam, "Lewes:The Great Appraisal 1859", Vol.1,170.
2 Austen-Leigh,7.
4 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,70. 5 Watt, "Introduction",5-6.
3 Johnson, Claudia L,211.
6 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,13-14.
7 ——, "Lewes:Jane Austen the 'artist' 1852", Vol.1,155.
8 ——, "Introduction", Vol.2,107.
9 Ibid.,52.
1 Palph Waldo Emerson, Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson, ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909),336; Mark Twain, Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company,1897),615; Ezra Pound, review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen, Cambridge University Prcss,2008,33.
2 Woolf Virginia, "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader.
3 Wilson, "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties.
4 Southam, quoted in Trott, "Critical Responses,1830-1970",92; Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
5 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
6 Ibid.,99-100.
7 Ibid.,127.
8 Copeland, "Further reading",253.
1 Todd,34.
2 Daiches,289-296.
3 Todd,35.
1 Austen and Jones,"Friday 29 Fanuary 1813",137.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,88.
3 Ibid.,298.
2 Ibid.,98.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,14.
2 Ibid.,14.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,81.
2 Ibid.,39.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,308.
2 Ibid.,6.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,4.
2 Ibid.,5.
1 Austen,Pride and Prejudice,103.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,129.
1 Austen, "Monday 16-Tuesday 17 December1816",198.
1 Austen,Persuasion,126.
1 Austen, Persuasion,81.
2 Ibid.,106.
1 Austen, Persuasion,8.
1 Austen, Persuasion,33.
2 Ibid,,62.
3 Ibid.,83.
1 Austen, Persuasion,32.
2 Ibid.,32.
1 Duiker and Spielvolgel, "Chapter 19",551.
1 Austen, Persuasion,35.
2. Duiker and Spielvogel,549-551.
3. Claudia,3-6.
4. Todd,257-260.
5. Austen, Pride and Prejudice,139.
6. Todd,254.
7. Austen and Jones,204-205.
8. Tomalin,13-16.
9. Ibid.,28-29.
10. Le Faye,66.
11. "Jane Austen. Biography and complete works," Books of the World home, July 25, 2010, retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
12. David,187-189.
13. Le Faye,92.
14. Litz,59-60.
15. Todd, "Life and Works",8.
16. Honan,189-198.
17. Austen and Jones, "Friday 18-Sunday 20 November 1814",181.
18. Honan,213-214.
19. Ibid.,237-245.
20. Le Faye,8-10.
21. Ibid.,10-11.
22. Austen, Emma,138.
23. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.1,22.
24. ——, "Lewes:The Great Appraisal 1859", Vol.1,170.
25. Austen-Leigh,7.
26. Johnson, Claudia L,211.
27. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,70.
28. Watt, "Introduction",5-6.
29. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,13-14.
30. ——, "Lewes:Jane Austen the'artist'1852", Vol.1,155.
31. ——, "Introduction", Vol.2,107.
32. Ibid.,52.
33. Palph Waldo Emerson. Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909),336; Mark Twain, Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company,1897),615; Ezra Pound, review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen, Cambridge University Press,2008,33.
34. Woolf Virginia, "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader.
35. Wilson, "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties.
36. Southam, quoted in Trott, "Critical Responses,1830-1970",92; Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
37. Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
38. Ibid.,99-100.
39. Ibid.,107-109,124.
40. Ibid.,127.
41. Copeland, "Further reading",253.
42. Todd,34.
43. Daiches,289-296.
44. Todd,35.
45. Austen and Jones, "Friday 29 Fanuary 1813",137.
46. Austen, Pride and Prejudice,22.
47. Ibid.,88.
48. Ibid.,98.
49. Ibid.,298.
50. Ibid.,14.
51. Ibid.,14.
52. Ibid.,81.
53. Ibid.,39.
54. Ibid.,308.
55. Ibid.,6.
56. Ibid.,4.
58. Ibid.,5.
59. Ibid.,103.
59. Ibid.,129.
60. Austen, "Monday 16-Tuesday 17 December1816",198.
61. Austen, Persuasion,126.
62. Ibid.,81.
63. Ibid.,106.
64. Ibid.,8.
65. Ibid.,33.
66. Ibid.,62.
67. Ibid.,83.
68. Ibid.,32.
69. Ibid.,32.
70. Duiker and Spielvolgel, "Chapter 19",551.
71. Austen, Persuasion,35.
Austen, Jane. Emma. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.
Austen, Jane. Persuasion. New York:Bantam Books,1984.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Popular Classics, London:Oxford University Press, 1984.
Austen, Jane, and Vivien Jones. Selected letters. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2009.
Austen-Leigh, James Edward. A Memoir of Jane Austen. Oxford University Press,2002.
BBC News. "Shakespeare Voted Millennium's Best Writer".1 March 1999. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/286082.stm.
Cecil, David. A Portrait of Jane Austen. London:Penguin,1978.
Copeland, Edward, and Juliet McMaster. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Auste.,
Cambridge; New York:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Daiches, David. "Jane Austen, Karl Marx, and the Aristocratic Dance" in American Scholar 17 (1948). Quoted in Ian. Watt ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall,1963.
Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., 2009.
Emerson, Palph Waldo. Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909); Twain, Mark. Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company, 1897):Pound. Ezra. review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. Quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Grey, J. David. ed. The Jane Austen Companion. New York:Macmillan,1986.
Honan, Park. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:St. Martin's Press,1987.
"Jane Austen. Biography and complete works". Books of the World home. July 25,2010. Retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
Johnson, Claudia L. "Austen cults and cultures" in The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Eds. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen:A Family Record. Second Edition. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
Litz, A. Walton. Jane Austen:A Study of Her Development. New York:Oxford University Press, 1965.
Liu, Bingshan. eds.[刘炳善],A Short History of English Literature. Zhengzhou:Henan People's Publishing House,2004.
Southam, B. C.. ed. Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1811-1870. Vol.1. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1996.---. Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1870-1940. Vol.2. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987.
Todd, Janet. Jane Austen in Context. London:Macmillan Pr. Ltd.,1981.
Todd, Janet. The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1997.
Virginia, Woolf. "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader. First Series. Retrieved from http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91c/index.html.
Watt, Ian. ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 1963.
Wilson, Edmund. "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties. New York:Farrar & Strauss,1950.
Wipprecht, Claudia. The Representation of Women in Early 18th Century England. Prentice Hall Press,2006.
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫.论小说与小说家.上海：上海译文出版社,2000.
管先恒.《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观.合肥联合大学学报,2001(4),89.
郭燕.简·奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.湖南师范大学,2008,09.
胡齐放.奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.外国文学研究,2005(5).
刘炳善.英国文学简史.上海：上海外语教育出版社,1988.
裘因.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁创作思想的转变.复旦学报,1992,116-119.
裘因.奥斯丁与英国女性文学.上海：《上海大学学报》(社会科学版),1996(6),28-33.
王波.从《傲慢与偏见》看简奥斯丁的婚姻观.国际教育论坛,2006.
王鑫.从《劝导》的人物塑造看简·奥斯丁晚期创作的特点.吉林大学,2009,04.
王秀梅.奥斯丁后期创作的新特质.求索,2008,03,196-198.
吴卫华.试析《傲慢与偏见》的女性写作立场.外国文学研究.2000(3),96-100.
杨柳.无与伦比的奥斯丁.辽宁教育学院学报,1995(6),56-58.
朱虹.奥斯丁研究.北京：中国文联出版公司,1985.
Austen, Jane. Emma. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.
Austen, Jane. Persuasion. New York:Bantam Books,1984.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Popular Classics, London:Oxford University Press, 1984.
Austen, Jane, and Vivien Jones. Selected letters. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2009.
Austen-Leigh, James Edward. A Memoir of Jane Austen. Oxford University Press,2002.
BBC News. "Shakespeare Voted Millennium's Best Writer".1 March 1999. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/286082.stm.
Cecil, David. A Portrait of Jane Austen. London:Penguin,1978.
Copeland, Edward, and Juliet McMaster. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Auste.,
Cambridge; New York:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Daiches, David. "Jane Austen, Karl Marx, and the Aristocratic Dance" in American Scholar 17 (1948). Quoted in Ian. Watt ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall,1963.
Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., 2009.
Emerson, Palph Waldo. Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909); Twain, Mark. Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company, 1897); Pound, Ezra. review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. Quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Grey, J. David. ed. The Jane Austen Companion. New York:Macmillan,1986.
Honan, Park. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:St. Martin's Press,1987.
"Jane Austen. Biography and complete works". Books of the World home. July 25,2010. Retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
Johnson, Claudia L. "Austen cults and cultures" in The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Eds. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen:A Family Record. Second Edition. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
Litz, A. Walton. Jane Austen:A Study of Her Development. New York:Oxford University Press, 1965.
Liu, Bingshan. eds[刘炳善],A Short History of English Literature. Zhengzhou:Henan People's Publishing House,2004.
Southam, B. C. ed. Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1811-1870. Vol.1. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1996. . Jane Austen:The Critical Heritage,1870-1940. Vol.2. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987.
Todd, Janet. Jane Austen in Context. London:Macmillan Pr. Ltd.,1981.
Todd, Janet. The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge University Press,2008.
Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen:A Life. New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1997.
Virginia, Woolf. "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader. First Series. Retrieved from http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91c/index.html.
Watt, Ian. ed. Jane Austen:A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 1963.
Wilson, Edmund. "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties. New York:Farrar & Strauss,1950.
Wipprecht, Claudia. The Representation of Women in Early 18th Century England. Prentice Hall Press,2006.
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫.论小说与小说家.上海：上海译文出版社,2000.
管先恒.《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观.合肥联合大学学报,2001(4),89.
郭燕.简·奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.湖南师范大学,2008,09.
胡齐放.奥斯丁《劝导》的女性主义解读.外国文学研究,2005(5).
刘炳善.英国文学简史.上海：上海外语教育出版社,1988.
裘因.从《劝导》看简·奥斯丁创作思想的转变.复旦学报,1992,116-119.
裘因.奥斯丁与英国女性文学.上海：《上海大学学报》(社会科学版),1996(6),28-33.
王波.从《傲慢与偏见》看简奥斯丁的婚姻观.国际教育论坛,2006.
王鑫.从《劝导》的人物塑造看简·奥斯丁晚期创作的特点.吉林大学,2009,04.
王秀梅. 奥斯丁后期创作的新特质.求索,2008,03,196-198.
吴卫华.试析《傲慢与偏见》的女性写作立场.外国文学研究.2000(3),96-100.
杨柳.无与伦比的奥斯丁.辽宁教育学院学报,1995(6),56-58.
朱虹.奥斯丁研究.北京：中国文联出版公司,1985.
1 BBC News, "Shakespeare voted millennium's best writer," World sec., Mar.1,1999, retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/286082.stm.
1 Duiker and Spielvogel,549-551.
1 Claudia,3-6.
2 Todd,257-260.
3 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,139.
4 Todd,254.
5 Austen and Jones,204-205.
1 Tomalin,13-16.
2 Ibid.,28-29.
3 Le Faye,66.
4 "Jane Austen. Biography and complete works," Books of the World home, July 25,2010, retrieved from http://www.booksfactory.com/writers/austen.htm.
5 David,187-189.
6 Le Faye,92.
1 Litz,59-60.
2 Todd, "Life and Works",8.
3 Honan,189-198.
Austen and Jones, "Friday 18-Sunday 20 November 1814",181.
5 Honan,213-214.
6 Ibid.,237-245.
7 Le Faye,8-10.
8 Ibid.,10-11.
1 Austen, Emma,138.
2 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.1,22.
1 Southam, "Lewes:The Great Appraisal 1859", Vol.1,170.
2 Austen-Leigh,7.
4 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,70. 5 Watt, "Introduction",5-6.
3 Johnson, Claudia L,211.
6 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,13-14.
7 ——, "Lewes:Jane Austen the 'artist' 1852", Vol.1,155.
8 ——, "Introduction", Vol.2,107.
9 Ibid.,52.
1 Palph Waldo Emerson, Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson, ed. Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1909),336; Mark Twain, Following the Equator:A Journey around the World (Hartford, CT:The American Publishing Company,1897),615; Ezra Pound, review of Robert Frost's North of Boston, Poetry, December 1914. quoted in Janet Todd, The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen, Cambridge University Prcss,2008,33.
2 Woolf Virginia, "Jane Austen" in The Common Reader.
3 Wilson, "A Long Talk about Jane Austen" in Classics and Commercials:A Literary Chronicle of the Forties.
4 Southam, quoted in Trott, "Critical Responses,1830-1970",92; Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
5 Southam, "Introduction", Vol.2,79.
6 Ibid.,99-100.
7 Ibid.,127.
8 Copeland, "Further reading",253.
1 Todd,34.
2 Daiches,289-296.
3 Todd,35.
1 Austen and Jones,"Friday 29 Fanuary 1813",137.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,88.
3 Ibid.,298.
2 Ibid.,98.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,14.
2 Ibid.,14.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,81.
2 Ibid.,39.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,308.
2 Ibid.,6.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,4.
2 Ibid.,5.
1 Austen,Pride and Prejudice,103.
1 Austen, Pride and Prejudice,129.
1 Austen, "Monday 16-Tuesday 17 December1816",198.
1 Austen,Persuasion,126.
1 Austen, Persuasion,81.
2 Ibid.,106.
1 Austen, Persuasion,8.
1 Austen, Persuasion,33.
2 Ibid,,62.
3 Ibid.,83.
1 Austen, Persuasion,32.
2 Ibid.,32.
1 Duiker and Spielvolgel, "Chapter 19",551.
1 Austen, Persuasion,35.