记述一个女勇士的成长历程
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摘要
牙买加.琴凯德,一位出生于安提瓜的美籍作家。她以自传体小说闻名于世。她的大部分作品都是围绕着母女关系而创作的。《我母亲的自传》这一小说的创作灵感来源于琴凯德与其母亲之间的矛盾。此书一经出版便获得了畅销书桂冠这一荣誉更为琴凯德赢得了国际声誉。
本文拟从女性主义理论出发,特别是以波伏娃和弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫在其著作中提出的女性主义理论以及赛义德在其著作《东方主义》中反映的思想为基础。该论文从女性主义角度分析了小说主人公雪拉面临的困境,旨在揭示处于男权社会和白人世界双重压迫下黑人女性面临的困境。该论文再现了男权社会对女性身心和肉体造成伤害这一社会现实,展现了雪拉这位深具女性意识的女勇士在抗击男权社会强加于女性一切不合理的限制而最终获得女性成长的历程。随着女性意识的觉醒,雪拉颠覆了其父与其情人代表的父权制度并大胆地对女性性压抑这一父权社会的一贯主张进行了抗争。此外雪拉对女性如何获得经济独立进行了探索。
该论文从女性主义角度分析了一个女勇士的成长历程,旨在使读者更好的理解女性意识觉醒的重要性即女性意识的觉醒是女性对男权社会进行反抗的前提。此外该论文运用了文本分析法对《我母亲的自传》进行解读,结合女性主义来展现小说的主要人物雪拉的生命蜕变。这样做的目的是使读者挖掘出黑人女性身份危机形成的原因以及感受到小说作者琴凯德对女性获得身份认同的愿望。
Jamaica Kincaid, an Antiguan-born American novelist, is known for her autobiographical novels. Most of her works are characterized by an exploration of mother-daughter relationships. The Autobiography of My Mother evolves out of Kincaid's troubled relationship with her mother. It receives wide recognition and shoots to the bestseller lists across the country.
Based on the fundamental theories of feminism that advocated by de Beauvoir and Virginia Woolf as well as some theories that is elaborated by Said in his Orientalism, this dissertation is set to have a thorough analysis of the protagonist—Xuela from the theoretical perspective of feminist criticism, aiming to reveal the black women's plights in the face of the double oppressions from black community and the white society. The dissertation exposes the damaging effects of patriarchy on women's body and soul, and it illustrates the initiation of a woman warrior—Xuela who rebels against social norms, and assumes control of her life by shaping her own identity. With her awakening of female consciousness, Xuela violates the patriarchal authorities of her father as well as that of her lovers, and she carries out attack against the repression of female sexuality in a male-dominated society. Realising economic underpinnings of female subordination, Xuela explores ways of self-relying by living on her own toil.
A study into My Mother from the angle of feminism may set a historical background and thus make readers understand better about the significance of the awakening of female consciousness and their ensuing strugglings against their fixed roles as Others. Considering the perspective of the study into the work, textual analysis is employed. This dissertation is to set the stories into a historical environment and use feminism to analyze the protagonist in My Mother. By doing so, it is expected that readers can probe into the cause of identity crisis of black women in the novel and Kincaid's implied wish of encouraging women to reclaim their identity and self-worth. Moreover, Kincaid points out the necessary way black women must undergo in search of self-identity from unconsciousness of self to attainment of cultural identity, from awakening to revolting, from independence to full bloom in entire self.
本文拟从女性主义理论出发,特别是以波伏娃和弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫在其著作中提出的女性主义理论以及赛义德在其著作《东方主义》中反映的思想为基础。该论文从女性主义角度分析了小说主人公雪拉面临的困境,旨在揭示处于男权社会和白人世界双重压迫下黑人女性面临的困境。该论文再现了男权社会对女性身心和肉体造成伤害这一社会现实,展现了雪拉这位深具女性意识的女勇士在抗击男权社会强加于女性一切不合理的限制而最终获得女性成长的历程。随着女性意识的觉醒,雪拉颠覆了其父与其情人代表的父权制度并大胆地对女性性压抑这一父权社会的一贯主张进行了抗争。此外雪拉对女性如何获得经济独立进行了探索。
该论文从女性主义角度分析了一个女勇士的成长历程,旨在使读者更好的理解女性意识觉醒的重要性即女性意识的觉醒是女性对男权社会进行反抗的前提。此外该论文运用了文本分析法对《我母亲的自传》进行解读,结合女性主义来展现小说的主要人物雪拉的生命蜕变。这样做的目的是使读者挖掘出黑人女性身份危机形成的原因以及感受到小说作者琴凯德对女性获得身份认同的愿望。
Jamaica Kincaid, an Antiguan-born American novelist, is known for her autobiographical novels. Most of her works are characterized by an exploration of mother-daughter relationships. The Autobiography of My Mother evolves out of Kincaid's troubled relationship with her mother. It receives wide recognition and shoots to the bestseller lists across the country.
Based on the fundamental theories of feminism that advocated by de Beauvoir and Virginia Woolf as well as some theories that is elaborated by Said in his Orientalism, this dissertation is set to have a thorough analysis of the protagonist—Xuela from the theoretical perspective of feminist criticism, aiming to reveal the black women's plights in the face of the double oppressions from black community and the white society. The dissertation exposes the damaging effects of patriarchy on women's body and soul, and it illustrates the initiation of a woman warrior—Xuela who rebels against social norms, and assumes control of her life by shaping her own identity. With her awakening of female consciousness, Xuela violates the patriarchal authorities of her father as well as that of her lovers, and she carries out attack against the repression of female sexuality in a male-dominated society. Realising economic underpinnings of female subordination, Xuela explores ways of self-relying by living on her own toil.
A study into My Mother from the angle of feminism may set a historical background and thus make readers understand better about the significance of the awakening of female consciousness and their ensuing strugglings against their fixed roles as Others. Considering the perspective of the study into the work, textual analysis is employed. This dissertation is to set the stories into a historical environment and use feminism to analyze the protagonist in My Mother. By doing so, it is expected that readers can probe into the cause of identity crisis of black women in the novel and Kincaid's implied wish of encouraging women to reclaim their identity and self-worth. Moreover, Kincaid points out the necessary way black women must undergo in search of self-identity from unconsciousness of self to attainment of cultural identity, from awakening to revolting, from independence to full bloom in entire self.
引文
Bell, Bernard W. The Afro-American Novel and Its Tradition. Massachusetts:The University of Massachusetts Press,1987.
Belsey, Catherine & Jane Moore. The Feminist Reader:Essays in Gender and Politics of Literary Theory. Hampshire:Macmillan Press Ltd,1995.
Campbell, Elaine. The Whistling Bird:Woman Writers of the Caribean. Kingston: Lynne Rienner Publisher,1998.
Covi, Giovanna. Jamaica Kincaid s Political Place:A Review Essay. Italy:Caribanna, 1990.
Desmond F, McCarthy. Reconstructing the Family in Contemporary American Fiction. New York:Peter Lang Publishing Inc,1997.
Donnell, Alison. She Ties Her Tongue:The Problem of Cultural Paralysis in Postcolonial Criticism. Canada:Calgary,1995.
Eagleton, Marry. Feminist Literary Criticism. New York:Longman Inc,1996.
Ferguson, Moira. Jamaica Kincaid:Where the Land Meets the Body. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia,1994.
Ferguson, Moira. Colonialism and Gender Relationships from Mary Wollstonecraft to Jamaica Kincaid:East Caribbean Connections. New York:Columbia University Press,1994.
Fricker, Miranda. The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy. Beijing:San Lian Press,1997.
Goodman, Lizbeth. Literature and Gender. New York:Routledge,1996.
Greene, Gayle. Changing Subjects:The Making of Feminist Literary Criticism. London: Routlege,1990.
Guillermina de Ferrari. Vulnerable States:Bodies of Memory in Comtemporary Caribbean Fiction. Charlottesville:University of Virginia Press,2007.
Humm, Maggie. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Feminist Literary Criticism. New York:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1994.
James Alexander, Simone A. Mother Imagery in the Novels of Afro-Caribbean Women. Columbia:University of Missouri Press,2001.
Kincaid, Jamaica. The Autobiography of My Mother, New York:Penguin Books Ltd, 1995.
Kincaid, Jamaica. My Garden. New York:Penguin Books Ltd,2005.
Lanser, Susan Sniader. Feminist Engagements with Comparative Literature. New York: Twayne,1990.
Lang-Peralta, Linda. Jamaica Kincaid and Caribbean Double Crossings. Newark: University of Delaware Press,1997.
Lonsdale, Thorunn. Jamaica Kincaid's Writing and THE Maternal-Colonial Matrix. New York:st. Martin's Press,1999.
MacDonald, Antonia. Making Homes in the West:Constructions of Subjectivity in the Writings of Michelle Cliff and Jamaica Kincaid. New York:Garland,2001.
Oboe, Annalisa. Recharting the Black Atlantic:Modern Cultures, Local Communities and Global Connections. New York:Routledge,2008.
Perry, Donna. Women Writers Speak Out. New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1993.
Peralta, Linda. Double Crossings. New York:University of Dela Ware Press,2006.
Robotham, Rosemarie. The Bluelight Conner-Black Women Writing on Passion, Sex and Romantic Love. New York:Three Rivers Press,1999.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. London:Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd,1978.
Diane, Simmons. Jamaica Kincaid. NewYork:Twayne,1994.
de Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex. Paris:Gallimard,1949.
Steele, Valerie. Fetish, Fashion, Sex and Power. New York:Oxford University Press, 1996.
Zhu Gang. Twentieth Century Western Critical Theories. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
张京媛,《当代女权主义文学批评》。北京：北京大学出版社,1992。
张岩冰,《女权主义文论》。山东：山东教育出版社,1998。
朱立元,《当代西方文艺批评》。广州：中山大学出版社,1999。
Belsey, Catherine & Jane Moore. The Feminist Reader:Essays in Gender and Politics of Literary Theory. Hampshire:Macmillan Press Ltd,1995.
Campbell, Elaine. The Whistling Bird:Woman Writers of the Caribean. Kingston: Lynne Rienner Publisher,1998.
Covi, Giovanna. Jamaica Kincaid s Political Place:A Review Essay. Italy:Caribanna, 1990.
Desmond F, McCarthy. Reconstructing the Family in Contemporary American Fiction. New York:Peter Lang Publishing Inc,1997.
Donnell, Alison. She Ties Her Tongue:The Problem of Cultural Paralysis in Postcolonial Criticism. Canada:Calgary,1995.
Eagleton, Marry. Feminist Literary Criticism. New York:Longman Inc,1996.
Ferguson, Moira. Jamaica Kincaid:Where the Land Meets the Body. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia,1994.
Ferguson, Moira. Colonialism and Gender Relationships from Mary Wollstonecraft to Jamaica Kincaid:East Caribbean Connections. New York:Columbia University Press,1994.
Fricker, Miranda. The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy. Beijing:San Lian Press,1997.
Goodman, Lizbeth. Literature and Gender. New York:Routledge,1996.
Greene, Gayle. Changing Subjects:The Making of Feminist Literary Criticism. London: Routlege,1990.
Guillermina de Ferrari. Vulnerable States:Bodies of Memory in Comtemporary Caribbean Fiction. Charlottesville:University of Virginia Press,2007.
Humm, Maggie. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Feminist Literary Criticism. New York:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1994.
James Alexander, Simone A. Mother Imagery in the Novels of Afro-Caribbean Women. Columbia:University of Missouri Press,2001.
Kincaid, Jamaica. The Autobiography of My Mother, New York:Penguin Books Ltd, 1995.
Kincaid, Jamaica. My Garden. New York:Penguin Books Ltd,2005.
Lanser, Susan Sniader. Feminist Engagements with Comparative Literature. New York: Twayne,1990.
Lang-Peralta, Linda. Jamaica Kincaid and Caribbean Double Crossings. Newark: University of Delaware Press,1997.
Lonsdale, Thorunn. Jamaica Kincaid's Writing and THE Maternal-Colonial Matrix. New York:st. Martin's Press,1999.
MacDonald, Antonia. Making Homes in the West:Constructions of Subjectivity in the Writings of Michelle Cliff and Jamaica Kincaid. New York:Garland,2001.
Oboe, Annalisa. Recharting the Black Atlantic:Modern Cultures, Local Communities and Global Connections. New York:Routledge,2008.
Perry, Donna. Women Writers Speak Out. New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1993.
Peralta, Linda. Double Crossings. New York:University of Dela Ware Press,2006.
Robotham, Rosemarie. The Bluelight Conner-Black Women Writing on Passion, Sex and Romantic Love. New York:Three Rivers Press,1999.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. London:Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd,1978.
Diane, Simmons. Jamaica Kincaid. NewYork:Twayne,1994.
de Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex. Paris:Gallimard,1949.
Steele, Valerie. Fetish, Fashion, Sex and Power. New York:Oxford University Press, 1996.
Zhu Gang. Twentieth Century Western Critical Theories. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
张京媛,《当代女权主义文学批评》。北京：北京大学出版社,1992。
张岩冰,《女权主义文论》。山东：山东教育出版社,1998。
朱立元,《当代西方文艺批评》。广州：中山大学出版社,1999。