从大卫·马梅特剧作看美国犹太移民的伦理困惑
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摘要
自1975年以来,大卫·马梅特发表了近三十部戏剧作品,并且多次获奖,在美国戏剧史上,他已经成为继尤今·奥尼尔、田纳西·威廉斯、阿瑟·米勒、爱德华·阿尔比和萨姆·谢泼德之后当代美国最有成就的剧作家之一。马梅特作为一个具有东欧犹太移民身份的美国剧作家,以其敏锐的洞察力及独特的语言特点,在其剧作中生动地为世人呈现了美国犹太移民的伦理困惑,然而对于其作品中所体现出的美国犹太移民的伦理困惑却鲜有人关注。本论文选取七十年代到八十年代的两部反映犹太移民伦理困惑的典型代表剧作《美国野牛》和《快耕》,分析了两部剧作中所突显的美国犹太移民在早期初到美国和后期融入美国两个阶段的伦理困惑并且探索了马梅特剧作中犹太移民伦理困惑的缘由。本论文运用犹太民族经典《塔木德》中的伦理规范分析剧中人物的道德行为,指出,美国犹太移民在初到美国之时,由于受到物质诱惑和生存威胁,往往选择背弃过去遵从的犹太伦理规范；然而当他们历尽艰难逐渐适应不同的文化时,却发现自己始终无法完全脱离犹太伦理规范对他们的影响。同时,本论文认为二十世纪后期美国社会的变迁以及二十世纪犹太移民在美国的发展都对马梅特剧作中伦理困惑这一主题产生了深刻的影响。
David Mamet published nearly thirty plays since 1975 and received many awards. He had become one of the most successful playwrights in modern American drama history since Eugene O'Neil, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, and Sam Shepard. As an East European Jewish immigrant, David Mamet, with his acute insight and his unique "Mamet speak", portrays the American Jewish immigrant"s ethical dilemma vividly in his plays. However, few people noticed the American Jewish immigrant's ethical dilemma showed in his plays. Choosing two of his typical work that show the ethical dilemma of Jewish immigrant, American Buffalo and Speed-the-Plow which are written in the 70s and 80s of 20th century, this thesis analyzes the ethical dilemma of the Jewish immigrants who first come to American and who had integrated into the American society separately and explores reasons for ethical dilemma of American Jewish Immigrants. This thesis uses the ethical principles defined in the Talmud-the authoritative body of Jewish law-to measure the ethical behavior of the characters in the two plays. After the analysis, the thesis points out that when the Jewish immigrants first came to American, because of life threat and material seduction, they usually choose to violate the Jewish ethical principles they used to obey; but when they get used to the totally new culture after many difficulties, they finally found that they could not get rid of the Jewish ethics' influence on them. This thesis also states that both American social changes in the late 20th century and American Jewish Immigrants in the 20th century have deeply influence on the theme of ethical dilemma in Mamet's playwriting.
David Mamet published nearly thirty plays since 1975 and received many awards. He had become one of the most successful playwrights in modern American drama history since Eugene O'Neil, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, and Sam Shepard. As an East European Jewish immigrant, David Mamet, with his acute insight and his unique "Mamet speak", portrays the American Jewish immigrant"s ethical dilemma vividly in his plays. However, few people noticed the American Jewish immigrant's ethical dilemma showed in his plays. Choosing two of his typical work that show the ethical dilemma of Jewish immigrant, American Buffalo and Speed-the-Plow which are written in the 70s and 80s of 20th century, this thesis analyzes the ethical dilemma of the Jewish immigrants who first come to American and who had integrated into the American society separately and explores reasons for ethical dilemma of American Jewish Immigrants. This thesis uses the ethical principles defined in the Talmud-the authoritative body of Jewish law-to measure the ethical behavior of the characters in the two plays. After the analysis, the thesis points out that when the Jewish immigrants first came to American, because of life threat and material seduction, they usually choose to violate the Jewish ethical principles they used to obey; but when they get used to the totally new culture after many difficulties, they finally found that they could not get rid of the Jewish ethics' influence on them. This thesis also states that both American social changes in the late 20th century and American Jewish Immigrants in the 20th century have deeply influence on the theme of ethical dilemma in Mamet's playwriting.
引文
Bigsby, Christopher. The Cambridge Companion to David Mamet. London: Cambridge University Press,2004.
——Modern America Drama:1945-2000. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.
——A Critical Introduction to Twentieth-century American Drama. London: Cambridge University Press,1985.
Bloch, Abraham. A Book of Jewish Ethical Concepts:Biblical and Postbilical. New York:Ktav,1984.
Breines, Paul. Tough Jews:Political Fantasies and the Moral Dilemma of American Jewry. New York:Basic Books,1990.
Brewer, Gay. David Mamet and Film:Illusion/Disillusion in a Wounded Land. London:McFarland,1993.
Buber, Martin. On Judaism, ed. N. Glatzer. New York:Schocken Books,1967.
Carroll, Dennis. David Mamet. London:Macmillan Publisher Ltd.,1987.
Chekhov, Anton. Collected Plays. Trans. and ed. Eugene K. Bristow. New York: Norton,1977.
Chi, Wei-jan. The Role of Language in the Plays of Mamet, Wilson, and Rake. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1991.
Clay, Carolyn. "Will Mamet Make It?" Boston Phoenix,28 February, sec.3,1,12.
Cohen, Abraham. Everyman's Talmud:The Major Teachings of the Rabbinic Sages. New York:Schoken Books,1949.
Cohen, Boaz. Law and Ethics in the Light of the Jewish Tradition. New York: Abingdon,1957.
Cohen, Richard, ed. Introduction to Face to Face with Levinas,1-10. Albany:State University of New York Press,1986.
Cutter, Irving. The Jews of Chicago:From Shtetl to Suburb. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Dean Anne. David Mamet:Language as Dramatic Action. Rutherford, N.J.:Fairleigh Dickinson Press.
Desser, David, and Lester D. Friedman. American Jewish Filmmakers:Traditions and Trends.Urbana and Chicago:University of Illinios Press,1993.
Elkin, Michael.1991. "David Mamet's Disturbing Homicide Target's a Jew Cop's Sense of Self-hatred." Jewish Exponent,18 October, ix.
Finkielkraut, Alian.1994. The Imaginary jew. Trans. Kevin o'Neil and David Suchoff. Lincoln and London:University of Nebraska. Originally published in 1980 as le Juifimaginaire by Editions du Seuil.
Fokkelman, J.P.1987. "Exodus." In The Literary Guide to the Bible, ed. Robert Alter and Frank Kermode,56-65.
Gilman, Sander L., and Steven T. Katz, eds. Introduction to Anti-Semitism in Times of Crisis. New York and Londin:New York University Press,1991.
Gross, John.1993. "The Mouse That Became a monster." Review of Oleanna, by David Mamet. Sunday Telegraph,4 July.7.
——1994. "Tragedies of Good and Bad Manners" Sunday Telegraph,26June. Reprinted in Theatre Record 18 June-1 July,788.
Gussow, Wel.1971. "A Conversation (pause) with Harold Printer." Ner York Times Magazine,5 December, sec.6.42
——1988. "Mamet's Hollywood is a school for Scoundrels." Ner York Times Magazine,15 May, Sec. H,5.
Gregory, Marshall. Ethical Criticism: What it is and Why it Matters. [J]. Style,1998, (2).
Hassell, graham.1993. "Call Me Madam." What's on in London,6 July,59.
Heilpern, John. How Good is David Mamet, Anyway?: Writings on theater and Why It Matters. New York:Routledge,2000.
Higham, John. Send this to me. Canada:McClelland and Stewatt Ltd.,1975.
Howe, Irving. World of Our Fathers. New York and London:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,1976.
——Introduction to Jewish-Americans Stories.1-17. New York and Scarborough. Ontario:New American Library,1977.
——1987. "The Nature of Jewish Laughter." In Jewish Wry, ed. Sarah Blacher Cohen, 16-24.
Hubert-Leibler, Pascale.1992. "Dominance and Anguish:The Teacher-Student Relationship in the plays of David Mamet." In David Mamet:A Case Book ed. Leslie Kane,69-85. First published in Modern Drama 31,4:77-86.
Hudgins, Christopher. Gender and Genre:Essays on David Mamet. New York: Palgrave,2001.
——1992. "Comedy and humor in the plays of David Mamet" In David Mamet:A Case Book, ed. Leslie Kane,191-226.
——1996."'By indirections find deirections out':Uninflected Cuts, Narrative structure, and Thematic Statement in the film version of Glengarry Glen Ross." In Glengarry Glen Ross:Text and Performance, ed. Leslie Kane,19-45.
Jacobs, Dorthy.1996. "Levene's Daughter:Positioning the Female in Glengarry Glen Ross." In Glengarry Glen Ross:Text and Performance, ed. Leslie Kane,107-22.
Jacobs, John.1983. "Winners and Losers." New Society,29 September,476-77.
——1992. "Dogma Days." The New Yorker,16 November,121-25.
——1994. "Betryals." The New yorker.16 November,121-25
——1997a. "David mamet:The Art of the Theater, xi." Paris Review 142 (spring): 53-76.
——1997b. "Fortress Mame." The New Yorker,17 november,70-82.
Kane, Leslie. David Mamet:A Casebook. New York:Garland Publishing Inc.,1992.
——Weasels and Wisemen:Ethnics and Ethnicity in the Work of David Mamet. New York:St. Martin's Press,1999.
——David Mamet in Conversation. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press, c2001.
——The Art of Crime:The Plays and Film of Harold Pinter and David Mamet. New York:Routledge, c2004.
King, Kimball. Ten Modern American Playwrights. New York:Garland Publishing Inc., c1982.
Kolatch, Alfred J. The Second Jewish Book of Why. Middle Village, N.Y.:Jonathan David,1985.
Kuo, Chiang-Sheng. The Images of Masculinity in Contemporary American Drama. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1999.
Lahr, John. Show and Tell:New Yorker Profiles. Woodstock, NY:Overlook Press, 2000.
Lesser, Wayne.1981. "A Narrative Revolutionary Energy:The Example of Henry Roth's Call It Sleep." Criticism 23 (spring):155-76
Mamet, David. American Buffalo. New York:Grove Press,1976.
——Speed the Plow. New York:Grove Press,1988
——The Cryptogram. New York:Dramatists Play Service, c1995.
Mamet, Lynn.1990. Interview by author. Baltimore, Md.,10 October.
1991 Interview by author. Cambridge, Mass.,20 September.1995.
——The Lost Years. Unpublished manuscript.
Mayer, Micheal A. Jewish Identity in the Modern World. The Samuel&Althea Atroum Lectures. Seattle and London:University of Washington Preess,1990.
Mosher, Gregory.1992. “Interview with Gregory Mosher [and Leslie kane]." In David Mamet:A casebook, ed. Leslie Kane,231-47.
——1994 "Director's Note." Program. The Cryptogram. Ambassadors Theatre, London.3.
——1995. Telephone interview by author, Sag Harbor. N.Y.,2 August.
——1996. "How to talk Buffallo." American Theatre 13, no.7:80.
——1997. Telephone Conversation with Author. Ner York, N.Y.,27 February.
Norwood, Stephen H, ed. Encyclopedia of American Jewish History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc,2008.
Opdahl, Keith. "The Mental Comedies of Saul Bellow." From hester Street to Hollywood:The Jewish American Stage and Screen, ed. Sarah Blacher Cohen, 183-196.
Partridge, Eric.1989. A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. New York:Macmillan,1989.
Pinsker, Sanford.1987. "Lenny Bruce:Spritzing the Goyim/shocking the Jews." In Jewish Wry, ed. Sarah Blacher Cohen,89-104.
Price, Steven. The Plays, Screenplays and Films of David Mamet. New York: Palgrave Macmillan,2008.
Rich, frank.1984. Review of Glengarry Glen Ross by David Mamet. New York Times, 26 March, sec. C,3.
——1988. "Mamet's Dark View of Hollywood as a Heaven for the Virtueless." New York Times,4 May, sec. C,17.
——1992. "Mamet's New Play Detonates the Fury of Sexual Harassment." Review of Olwanna by David Mamrt. New York Times,26 October, sec. B,1,3.
Rosten, Leo. The joys of Yuddish. New York:McGraw Hill Publishing,1968.
——Treasury of Fewish Quotations. New York:McGraw-Hill Publishing,1972.
——The Joys of Yinglish. New york:McGraw-Hill Publishing,1989.
Roudane, Matthew C.1986a. "An Interview with david mamet." South Carolina review 19, no.1:73-81.
——1986b. "Public Issues, Private Tensions:David Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross." South Carolina review 19,no.1:35-47.
——1992. "Mammet's Mametics." In David mamet:A Case Book, ed. Leslie kane, 3-32.
Sauer, David K. David Mamet:A Research and Production Sourcebook. Westport: Praeger,2003.
Schiff Ellen. From Sterotype to Metaphor:The Jew in Contemporary Drama, Albany, N.y.:State University of New York Press,1982.
Schleuter, June and Elizabeth Forsyth.1983. "American as Junkshop:The Business Ethic in David Mamet's American Buffallo." Modern Drama 26, no 4:492-500.
Scholem, Gerhom. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism:On the Labbalah and its Symbolism.3rd. rev. ed. Trans. Ralph Manheim. New York:Schocken Books, 1969.
——1971. "The Star of David:History of a Symbol." In The messianic Idea of Judaism. New York:Schoken Biooks,257-81.
——"Magen David:Shield of David." In Kabbalah,362-68. New York: Quadrangle/Times Books,1974.
Schvey, Henry I.1988b. "The Plays of David Mamet:Games of Manipulation and Power."New Theatre Quarterly 4, no.13:77-89.
Shapiro, Rami M. Wisdom of the Jewish Sages:A Modern Reading of Pirke Avot. New York:Bell Tower,1993.
Toperoff, Shlomo. Avot:A Comprehensive Commentary on the Ethics of the Fathers. New Jersey:Jason Aronson Inc.,1997.
Watson, Douglas N. Begging the Question:Circular Reasoning as a Tactic of Argumentation. Contributions in Philosophy, Number 48. Westport, CT: Green Wood press,1991.
——Slippery Slope Arguments. Oxfprd:Clarendon Press,1992.
Whitfield, Stephen J. "Our American Jewish Heritage:The Hollywood Version." American Jewish History. Hamden, Ct.:Archon Books,1986
Zeifman, Hersh.1992. "Phallus in Wonderland:Machismo and Business in David Mamet's American Buffalo and Glengarry Glen Ross." In David Mamet:A Casebook, ed. Leslie Kane,123-35.
柯英.梦如人生—论大卫马梅特的《美国野牛》和《拜金一族》[D].苏州大学,2007.
李英.《游戏之屋》的戏剧语言特色[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2003,(1)：60-64.
缪丽文.大卫·马梅特戏剧中交流困境的分析[D].暨南大学,2009年.
孙兆勇.当梦幻化为泡影—大卫·马麦特及其对话剧[J].剧本,2007,(7)：70-73.
王伟禄.探寻生活之意——大卫·马梅特早期剧作主题分析[D].内蒙古大学,2010年.
——Modern America Drama:1945-2000. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.
——A Critical Introduction to Twentieth-century American Drama. London: Cambridge University Press,1985.
Bloch, Abraham. A Book of Jewish Ethical Concepts:Biblical and Postbilical. New York:Ktav,1984.
Breines, Paul. Tough Jews:Political Fantasies and the Moral Dilemma of American Jewry. New York:Basic Books,1990.
Brewer, Gay. David Mamet and Film:Illusion/Disillusion in a Wounded Land. London:McFarland,1993.
Buber, Martin. On Judaism, ed. N. Glatzer. New York:Schocken Books,1967.
Carroll, Dennis. David Mamet. London:Macmillan Publisher Ltd.,1987.
Chekhov, Anton. Collected Plays. Trans. and ed. Eugene K. Bristow. New York: Norton,1977.
Chi, Wei-jan. The Role of Language in the Plays of Mamet, Wilson, and Rake. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1991.
Clay, Carolyn. "Will Mamet Make It?" Boston Phoenix,28 February, sec.3,1,12.
Cohen, Abraham. Everyman's Talmud:The Major Teachings of the Rabbinic Sages. New York:Schoken Books,1949.
Cohen, Boaz. Law and Ethics in the Light of the Jewish Tradition. New York: Abingdon,1957.
Cohen, Richard, ed. Introduction to Face to Face with Levinas,1-10. Albany:State University of New York Press,1986.
Cutter, Irving. The Jews of Chicago:From Shtetl to Suburb. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Dean Anne. David Mamet:Language as Dramatic Action. Rutherford, N.J.:Fairleigh Dickinson Press.
Desser, David, and Lester D. Friedman. American Jewish Filmmakers:Traditions and Trends.Urbana and Chicago:University of Illinios Press,1993.
Elkin, Michael.1991. "David Mamet's Disturbing Homicide Target's a Jew Cop's Sense of Self-hatred." Jewish Exponent,18 October, ix.
Finkielkraut, Alian.1994. The Imaginary jew. Trans. Kevin o'Neil and David Suchoff. Lincoln and London:University of Nebraska. Originally published in 1980 as le Juifimaginaire by Editions du Seuil.
Fokkelman, J.P.1987. "Exodus." In The Literary Guide to the Bible, ed. Robert Alter and Frank Kermode,56-65.
Gilman, Sander L., and Steven T. Katz, eds. Introduction to Anti-Semitism in Times of Crisis. New York and Londin:New York University Press,1991.
Gross, John.1993. "The Mouse That Became a monster." Review of Oleanna, by David Mamet. Sunday Telegraph,4 July.7.
——1994. "Tragedies of Good and Bad Manners" Sunday Telegraph,26June. Reprinted in Theatre Record 18 June-1 July,788.
Gussow, Wel.1971. "A Conversation (pause) with Harold Printer." Ner York Times Magazine,5 December, sec.6.42
——1988. "Mamet's Hollywood is a school for Scoundrels." Ner York Times Magazine,15 May, Sec. H,5.
Gregory, Marshall. Ethical Criticism: What it is and Why it Matters. [J]. Style,1998, (2).
Hassell, graham.1993. "Call Me Madam." What's on in London,6 July,59.
Heilpern, John. How Good is David Mamet, Anyway?: Writings on theater and Why It Matters. New York:Routledge,2000.
Higham, John. Send this to me. Canada:McClelland and Stewatt Ltd.,1975.
Howe, Irving. World of Our Fathers. New York and London:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,1976.
——Introduction to Jewish-Americans Stories.1-17. New York and Scarborough. Ontario:New American Library,1977.
——1987. "The Nature of Jewish Laughter." In Jewish Wry, ed. Sarah Blacher Cohen, 16-24.
Hubert-Leibler, Pascale.1992. "Dominance and Anguish:The Teacher-Student Relationship in the plays of David Mamet." In David Mamet:A Case Book ed. Leslie Kane,69-85. First published in Modern Drama 31,4:77-86.
Hudgins, Christopher. Gender and Genre:Essays on David Mamet. New York: Palgrave,2001.
——1992. "Comedy and humor in the plays of David Mamet" In David Mamet:A Case Book, ed. Leslie Kane,191-226.
——1996."'By indirections find deirections out':Uninflected Cuts, Narrative structure, and Thematic Statement in the film version of Glengarry Glen Ross." In Glengarry Glen Ross:Text and Performance, ed. Leslie Kane,19-45.
Jacobs, Dorthy.1996. "Levene's Daughter:Positioning the Female in Glengarry Glen Ross." In Glengarry Glen Ross:Text and Performance, ed. Leslie Kane,107-22.
Jacobs, John.1983. "Winners and Losers." New Society,29 September,476-77.
——1992. "Dogma Days." The New Yorker,16 November,121-25.
——1994. "Betryals." The New yorker.16 November,121-25
——1997a. "David mamet:The Art of the Theater, xi." Paris Review 142 (spring): 53-76.
——1997b. "Fortress Mame." The New Yorker,17 november,70-82.
Kane, Leslie. David Mamet:A Casebook. New York:Garland Publishing Inc.,1992.
——Weasels and Wisemen:Ethnics and Ethnicity in the Work of David Mamet. New York:St. Martin's Press,1999.
——David Mamet in Conversation. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press, c2001.
——The Art of Crime:The Plays and Film of Harold Pinter and David Mamet. New York:Routledge, c2004.
King, Kimball. Ten Modern American Playwrights. New York:Garland Publishing Inc., c1982.
Kolatch, Alfred J. The Second Jewish Book of Why. Middle Village, N.Y.:Jonathan David,1985.
Kuo, Chiang-Sheng. The Images of Masculinity in Contemporary American Drama. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1999.
Lahr, John. Show and Tell:New Yorker Profiles. Woodstock, NY:Overlook Press, 2000.
Lesser, Wayne.1981. "A Narrative Revolutionary Energy:The Example of Henry Roth's Call It Sleep." Criticism 23 (spring):155-76
Mamet, David. American Buffalo. New York:Grove Press,1976.
——Speed the Plow. New York:Grove Press,1988
——The Cryptogram. New York:Dramatists Play Service, c1995.
Mamet, Lynn.1990. Interview by author. Baltimore, Md.,10 October.
1991 Interview by author. Cambridge, Mass.,20 September.1995.
——The Lost Years. Unpublished manuscript.
Mayer, Micheal A. Jewish Identity in the Modern World. The Samuel&Althea Atroum Lectures. Seattle and London:University of Washington Preess,1990.
Mosher, Gregory.1992. “Interview with Gregory Mosher [and Leslie kane]." In David Mamet:A casebook, ed. Leslie Kane,231-47.
——1994 "Director's Note." Program. The Cryptogram. Ambassadors Theatre, London.3.
——1995. Telephone interview by author, Sag Harbor. N.Y.,2 August.
——1996. "How to talk Buffallo." American Theatre 13, no.7:80.
——1997. Telephone Conversation with Author. Ner York, N.Y.,27 February.
Norwood, Stephen H, ed. Encyclopedia of American Jewish History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc,2008.
Opdahl, Keith. "The Mental Comedies of Saul Bellow." From hester Street to Hollywood:The Jewish American Stage and Screen, ed. Sarah Blacher Cohen, 183-196.
Partridge, Eric.1989. A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. New York:Macmillan,1989.
Pinsker, Sanford.1987. "Lenny Bruce:Spritzing the Goyim/shocking the Jews." In Jewish Wry, ed. Sarah Blacher Cohen,89-104.
Price, Steven. The Plays, Screenplays and Films of David Mamet. New York: Palgrave Macmillan,2008.
Rich, frank.1984. Review of Glengarry Glen Ross by David Mamet. New York Times, 26 March, sec. C,3.
——1988. "Mamet's Dark View of Hollywood as a Heaven for the Virtueless." New York Times,4 May, sec. C,17.
——1992. "Mamet's New Play Detonates the Fury of Sexual Harassment." Review of Olwanna by David Mamrt. New York Times,26 October, sec. B,1,3.
Rosten, Leo. The joys of Yuddish. New York:McGraw Hill Publishing,1968.
——Treasury of Fewish Quotations. New York:McGraw-Hill Publishing,1972.
——The Joys of Yinglish. New york:McGraw-Hill Publishing,1989.
Roudane, Matthew C.1986a. "An Interview with david mamet." South Carolina review 19, no.1:73-81.
——1986b. "Public Issues, Private Tensions:David Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross." South Carolina review 19,no.1:35-47.
——1992. "Mammet's Mametics." In David mamet:A Case Book, ed. Leslie kane, 3-32.
Sauer, David K. David Mamet:A Research and Production Sourcebook. Westport: Praeger,2003.
Schiff Ellen. From Sterotype to Metaphor:The Jew in Contemporary Drama, Albany, N.y.:State University of New York Press,1982.
Schleuter, June and Elizabeth Forsyth.1983. "American as Junkshop:The Business Ethic in David Mamet's American Buffallo." Modern Drama 26, no 4:492-500.
Scholem, Gerhom. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism:On the Labbalah and its Symbolism.3rd. rev. ed. Trans. Ralph Manheim. New York:Schocken Books, 1969.
——1971. "The Star of David:History of a Symbol." In The messianic Idea of Judaism. New York:Schoken Biooks,257-81.
——"Magen David:Shield of David." In Kabbalah,362-68. New York: Quadrangle/Times Books,1974.
Schvey, Henry I.1988b. "The Plays of David Mamet:Games of Manipulation and Power."New Theatre Quarterly 4, no.13:77-89.
Shapiro, Rami M. Wisdom of the Jewish Sages:A Modern Reading of Pirke Avot. New York:Bell Tower,1993.
Toperoff, Shlomo. Avot:A Comprehensive Commentary on the Ethics of the Fathers. New Jersey:Jason Aronson Inc.,1997.
Watson, Douglas N. Begging the Question:Circular Reasoning as a Tactic of Argumentation. Contributions in Philosophy, Number 48. Westport, CT: Green Wood press,1991.
——Slippery Slope Arguments. Oxfprd:Clarendon Press,1992.
Whitfield, Stephen J. "Our American Jewish Heritage:The Hollywood Version." American Jewish History. Hamden, Ct.:Archon Books,1986
Zeifman, Hersh.1992. "Phallus in Wonderland:Machismo and Business in David Mamet's American Buffalo and Glengarry Glen Ross." In David Mamet:A Casebook, ed. Leslie Kane,123-35.
柯英.梦如人生—论大卫马梅特的《美国野牛》和《拜金一族》[D].苏州大学,2007.
李英.《游戏之屋》的戏剧语言特色[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2003,(1)：60-64.
缪丽文.大卫·马梅特戏剧中交流困境的分析[D].暨南大学,2009年.
孙兆勇.当梦幻化为泡影—大卫·马麦特及其对话剧[J].剧本,2007,(7)：70-73.
王伟禄.探寻生活之意——大卫·马梅特早期剧作主题分析[D].内蒙古大学,2010年.