斜拉桥高大塔柱裂缝监测及分析
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摘要
对于运营斜拉桥的塔柱裂缝监测,往往采用传统的方法进行人工观察与测量,而传统检测方法费用高、时间长,有时还要中断交通,并且由于索塔高度往往超过100米,传统方法难以到达一些重要部位进行观察,影响其健康状态的正确分析与评价。本文旨在通过视频采集系统实现高大塔柱裂缝的实时监测,基于塔柱结构内力分析及有限元仿真,分析裂缝成因及发展全过程,说明通过裂缝信息评估塔柱结构的安全性的可行性。
本文通过详细分析常见的滤波算法,针对各种滤波算法适用范围和裂缝图像特点的研究,提出中值滤波法,将二值图像用于裂缝图像分割,并采用图像拼接技术、裂缝矢量化技术及裂缝图像模拟重现技术实现了裂缝监测信息处理;调查统计钢筋混凝土塔柱结构裂缝信息,从塔柱结构内力及结构变形条件出发分析了其裂缝成因;通过分析裂缝基本参数与塔柱结构外荷载的关系,进一步研究了裂缝宽度、长度与塔柱承载力之间的关系,得出了影响裂缝发展的主要因素;基于混凝土及钢筋材料的本构关系,分析了塔柱结构裂缝发展全过程;介绍了索塔结构框架模型的建立及有限元模型理论,提出了斜拉桥塔柱结构局部模型仿真实现方法;在总结宋玉普和赵国藩提出的弥散型模型裂缝宽度有限元计算方法的基础上,考虑了混凝土与钢筋应变的共同作用,提出了钢筋混凝土塔柱结构裂缝宽度有限元计算方法。
本文将数字图像处理技术、裂缝监测信息处理技术、内力分析、仿真有限元模型的建立相结合一起,形成了斜拉桥高大塔柱裂缝监测系统的研究思路,提升桥梁养护、管理水平,积极推动桥梁的智能化发展。
Traditional methods of artificial observation and measurement are often applied to crack monitoring of the tower of the operation cable-stayed bridge. However, due to the high cost of traditional methods, long time, traffic suspension and the over-100m tower, the traditional methods are hard to arrive some important parts to observe their health status which would impact correct analysis and evaluation of the tower. This thesis aims to real-time monitoring of the tall tower of cable-stayed bridge through the crack monitoring system with video collection.Finiting element simulation and analysis of internal forces of the tower structure with cracks information, the development and causes of cracks is analyzed,and the feasibility of security of the tall tower assessed is illustrateed.
Through a detailed analysis of existing common filtering algorithms, the scope for a variety of filtering algorithms and image characteristics of crack, median filtering method is proposed in the present thesis. The binary image for the crack segmentation, image stitching technology, crack vector technology and reproduction technology of crack image simulation are adopted to realize crack monitoring information processing. A survey of information structural cracks of reinforced concrete tower through the internal forces and structural deformation conditions of the tower structure is conducted to analyze the causes of its fracture. By analyzing the relationship between the crack basic parameters and the external load of tower structures, the relations among the crack width, length and security of the tower are further studied,based on the constitution of concrete and steel materials, which analyzes the whole process of crack development of the tower structure.The thesis describes the model of the tower structural framework and finite element model theory and proposes the method of realization of model simulation of tower structure of cable-stayed bridge; it also proposes finite element method of crack width of reinforced concrete tower structure on the basis of generalization and summarization the finite element calculation method of crack width of diffuse model proposed by Song Yupu and Zhao Guofan and consideration of the role of concrete and steel strain.
After combining the digital image processing technology, crack monitoring information processing technology, internal force analysis and the security of tower structure with establishing simulation finite element model, the present thesis has though out how to conduct assessment of a tall tower cable-stayed bridge health status , decrease accidents to a large extent, improve bridge maintenance, management, and actively promote the development of intelligent bridge.
本文通过详细分析常见的滤波算法,针对各种滤波算法适用范围和裂缝图像特点的研究,提出中值滤波法,将二值图像用于裂缝图像分割,并采用图像拼接技术、裂缝矢量化技术及裂缝图像模拟重现技术实现了裂缝监测信息处理;调查统计钢筋混凝土塔柱结构裂缝信息,从塔柱结构内力及结构变形条件出发分析了其裂缝成因;通过分析裂缝基本参数与塔柱结构外荷载的关系,进一步研究了裂缝宽度、长度与塔柱承载力之间的关系,得出了影响裂缝发展的主要因素;基于混凝土及钢筋材料的本构关系,分析了塔柱结构裂缝发展全过程;介绍了索塔结构框架模型的建立及有限元模型理论,提出了斜拉桥塔柱结构局部模型仿真实现方法;在总结宋玉普和赵国藩提出的弥散型模型裂缝宽度有限元计算方法的基础上,考虑了混凝土与钢筋应变的共同作用,提出了钢筋混凝土塔柱结构裂缝宽度有限元计算方法。
本文将数字图像处理技术、裂缝监测信息处理技术、内力分析、仿真有限元模型的建立相结合一起,形成了斜拉桥高大塔柱裂缝监测系统的研究思路,提升桥梁养护、管理水平,积极推动桥梁的智能化发展。
Traditional methods of artificial observation and measurement are often applied to crack monitoring of the tower of the operation cable-stayed bridge. However, due to the high cost of traditional methods, long time, traffic suspension and the over-100m tower, the traditional methods are hard to arrive some important parts to observe their health status which would impact correct analysis and evaluation of the tower. This thesis aims to real-time monitoring of the tall tower of cable-stayed bridge through the crack monitoring system with video collection.Finiting element simulation and analysis of internal forces of the tower structure with cracks information, the development and causes of cracks is analyzed,and the feasibility of security of the tall tower assessed is illustrateed.
Through a detailed analysis of existing common filtering algorithms, the scope for a variety of filtering algorithms and image characteristics of crack, median filtering method is proposed in the present thesis. The binary image for the crack segmentation, image stitching technology, crack vector technology and reproduction technology of crack image simulation are adopted to realize crack monitoring information processing. A survey of information structural cracks of reinforced concrete tower through the internal forces and structural deformation conditions of the tower structure is conducted to analyze the causes of its fracture. By analyzing the relationship between the crack basic parameters and the external load of tower structures, the relations among the crack width, length and security of the tower are further studied,based on the constitution of concrete and steel materials, which analyzes the whole process of crack development of the tower structure.The thesis describes the model of the tower structural framework and finite element model theory and proposes the method of realization of model simulation of tower structure of cable-stayed bridge; it also proposes finite element method of crack width of reinforced concrete tower structure on the basis of generalization and summarization the finite element calculation method of crack width of diffuse model proposed by Song Yupu and Zhao Guofan and consideration of the role of concrete and steel strain.
After combining the digital image processing technology, crack monitoring information processing technology, internal force analysis and the security of tower structure with establishing simulation finite element model, the present thesis has though out how to conduct assessment of a tall tower cable-stayed bridge health status , decrease accidents to a large extent, improve bridge maintenance, management, and actively promote the development of intelligent bridge.
引文
[1]王春生,陈惟珍,陈艾荣.桥梁损伤安全评定与维护管理策略[J].交通运输工程学报.2007(4)
[2]周智,欧进萍.土木工程智能监控监测与诊断系统[J].传感技术.2006.20.16-20
[3]谢强,薛松涛.土木工程结构健康监测的研究状况与进展[J].中国科学基金.2009.56-60
[4]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态估计的研究现状与发展.同济大学学报.2004(4).68-71
[5] Marvin W,Halling1 and Zachary C. Hansen. Structural Monitoring For Bridge Behavior and Damage Detection
[6]唐亚鸣.战时桥梁损伤机理研究及其监测系统设计[D].南京理工大学.2005
[7]王文涛.斜拉桥换索工程[M].第2版.人民交通出版社.2006
[8]严国敏.现代斜拉桥[M].第1版.西南交通大学出版社.1996
[9]尼尔斯J·吉姆辛.姚玲森,林长川.缆索承重桥梁构思与设计[M].第1版.人民交通出版社.1992
[10]林元培.斜拉桥[M].第一版.人民交通出版社.2004
[11]刘士林,王似舜.斜拉桥设计[M].第一版.人民交通出版社.2006
[12]卞钧霈.大跨径桥梁健康与安全监测系统的构建[J].公路.2008.23-26
[13]崔飞,袁万城,史家钧.基于静态应变及位移测量的结构损伤识别法[J].同济大学学报.2006. 30-32
[14]孙志星.桥梁健康诊断的研究方向与发展方向[J].黑龙江科技.2005.26-29
[15]张谢东,郭慧光,耿波.大跨径桥梁的安全监测方法及发展趋势[J].交通科技.2003.32-34
[16]辛学忠,苏木标,陈树礼,等.大跨度铁路桥梁健康状态评估的统计对比诊断方法研究[J].2006.36-40
[17] Meng Qing-cheng,QI Xin, Li Qiao.Application of Wireless Monitoring System to Structural Health Monitoring of Long-Spanned Cable-Stayed Bridge. Journal of Southweat Jiaotong university.Apr.2007
[18]徐兵.基于图像处理技术的桥梁病害检查和裂缝测量研究[D].长安大学.2009
[19] Ahmet Bulut, Ambuj K. Singh, Peter Shin, Tony Fountain, Hector Jasso, Linjun Yan, and Ahmed Elgamal. Real-time Nondestructive Structural Health Monitoring Using Support Vector Machines and Wavelets
[20]尹兰.基于数字图像处理技术的混凝土表面裂缝特征测量和分析[D].东南大学.2006
[21]王雷.基于数字图像的混凝土结构构件裂缝测量[D].天津大学.2006
[22]李辉.数字图像处理技术在玻璃瓶裂纹检测系统中的研究和应用[D].天津工业大学.2005
[23]蓝章孔.桥梁健康检查系统的数据获取理论和方法研究[D].重庆大学.2008
[24]林圳杰,陈莉.基于机器视觉的混凝土裂纹图像识别系统[J].机器视觉.2008.69-72
[25]迟军,周晓军,宋立军.数字图像处理技术在锻件缺陷检测中的应用[J].机床与液压.2005.10-12
[26]谢昌荣.路面裂缝检测系统的设计与研究[D].长安大学.2008
[27]徐仁标,盛术学.浅谈斜拉桥索塔的力学性能[J].科苑论谈.243.18
[28]顾安邦.桥梁工程(下册)[M].第1版.人民交通出版社.2000
[29]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论[M].第1版.人民交通出版社.2001
[30]甘应朋.夷陵大桥斜拉桥主塔下塔柱裂缝分析与处理[J].交通科技.2007.3.51-53
[31]经柏林,李绍林.荆州长江公路大桥北汊北塔下塔柱裂缝控制研究[J].华东公路.2000.26-27
[32]白兴荣.斜拉桥病害及成因分析[D].重庆交通大学.2008
[33]黎春林,程华才.铜陵大桥主塔温度裂缝成因分析[J].铜陵学院报.2006.5.76—78
[34] Al-Gadhib, A.H., Baluch, M.H., Shaalan, A. Khan, A.R. Damage model for monotonic and fatigue response of high strength concrete. International Journal of Damage Mechanics Vol. 9.Issue.1.2000
[35]刘世林、梁智涛、候金龙,等.斜拉桥[M].第一版.人民交通出版社.2005
[36] Negrao J.H.O.,L.M.C.Optimization of cable-stayed bridge with three-dimensional modeling[J].Computers and Structures,2006,64(1).741-758
[37]戴工连.桥梁复杂结构空间分析设计方法研究与应用[D].湖南大学.2006
[38]刘玉茜.钢管混凝土粘结滑移性能的理论分析及ANSYS程序验证[D].西安建筑科技大学.2006
[39]许昌兴.砌体结构温度裂缝非线性有限元分析[J].天津大学建筑工程学院.2007.12-15
[40] Gethin Roberts, Xiaolin Meng, Michele Meo , Alan Dodson , Emily Cosser , Emanuela Iuliano, Alan Morris. A Remote Bridge Health Monitoring System Using Computational Simulation And GPS Sensor Data.
[41]马旭涛.上海长江大桥索塔锚固区模型试验与分析研究[D].同济大学.2007
[42]沈聚敏,王传志,江见鲸.钢筋混凝土有限元与板壳极限分析[M].第1版.清华大学出版社
[43]丁嵬.钢筋混凝土结构裂缝宽度计算方法研究[D].天津大学建筑工程学院.2007
[2]周智,欧进萍.土木工程智能监控监测与诊断系统[J].传感技术.2006.20.16-20
[3]谢强,薛松涛.土木工程结构健康监测的研究状况与进展[J].中国科学基金.2009.56-60
[4]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态估计的研究现状与发展.同济大学学报.2004(4).68-71
[5] Marvin W,Halling1 and Zachary C. Hansen. Structural Monitoring For Bridge Behavior and Damage Detection
[6]唐亚鸣.战时桥梁损伤机理研究及其监测系统设计[D].南京理工大学.2005
[7]王文涛.斜拉桥换索工程[M].第2版.人民交通出版社.2006
[8]严国敏.现代斜拉桥[M].第1版.西南交通大学出版社.1996
[9]尼尔斯J·吉姆辛.姚玲森,林长川.缆索承重桥梁构思与设计[M].第1版.人民交通出版社.1992
[10]林元培.斜拉桥[M].第一版.人民交通出版社.2004
[11]刘士林,王似舜.斜拉桥设计[M].第一版.人民交通出版社.2006
[12]卞钧霈.大跨径桥梁健康与安全监测系统的构建[J].公路.2008.23-26
[13]崔飞,袁万城,史家钧.基于静态应变及位移测量的结构损伤识别法[J].同济大学学报.2006. 30-32
[14]孙志星.桥梁健康诊断的研究方向与发展方向[J].黑龙江科技.2005.26-29
[15]张谢东,郭慧光,耿波.大跨径桥梁的安全监测方法及发展趋势[J].交通科技.2003.32-34
[16]辛学忠,苏木标,陈树礼,等.大跨度铁路桥梁健康状态评估的统计对比诊断方法研究[J].2006.36-40
[17] Meng Qing-cheng,QI Xin, Li Qiao.Application of Wireless Monitoring System to Structural Health Monitoring of Long-Spanned Cable-Stayed Bridge. Journal of Southweat Jiaotong university.Apr.2007
[18]徐兵.基于图像处理技术的桥梁病害检查和裂缝测量研究[D].长安大学.2009
[19] Ahmet Bulut, Ambuj K. Singh, Peter Shin, Tony Fountain, Hector Jasso, Linjun Yan, and Ahmed Elgamal. Real-time Nondestructive Structural Health Monitoring Using Support Vector Machines and Wavelets
[20]尹兰.基于数字图像处理技术的混凝土表面裂缝特征测量和分析[D].东南大学.2006
[21]王雷.基于数字图像的混凝土结构构件裂缝测量[D].天津大学.2006
[22]李辉.数字图像处理技术在玻璃瓶裂纹检测系统中的研究和应用[D].天津工业大学.2005
[23]蓝章孔.桥梁健康检查系统的数据获取理论和方法研究[D].重庆大学.2008
[24]林圳杰,陈莉.基于机器视觉的混凝土裂纹图像识别系统[J].机器视觉.2008.69-72
[25]迟军,周晓军,宋立军.数字图像处理技术在锻件缺陷检测中的应用[J].机床与液压.2005.10-12
[26]谢昌荣.路面裂缝检测系统的设计与研究[D].长安大学.2008
[27]徐仁标,盛术学.浅谈斜拉桥索塔的力学性能[J].科苑论谈.243.18
[28]顾安邦.桥梁工程(下册)[M].第1版.人民交通出版社.2000
[29]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论[M].第1版.人民交通出版社.2001
[30]甘应朋.夷陵大桥斜拉桥主塔下塔柱裂缝分析与处理[J].交通科技.2007.3.51-53
[31]经柏林,李绍林.荆州长江公路大桥北汊北塔下塔柱裂缝控制研究[J].华东公路.2000.26-27
[32]白兴荣.斜拉桥病害及成因分析[D].重庆交通大学.2008
[33]黎春林,程华才.铜陵大桥主塔温度裂缝成因分析[J].铜陵学院报.2006.5.76—78
[34] Al-Gadhib, A.H., Baluch, M.H., Shaalan, A. Khan, A.R. Damage model for monotonic and fatigue response of high strength concrete. International Journal of Damage Mechanics Vol. 9.Issue.1.2000
[35]刘世林、梁智涛、候金龙,等.斜拉桥[M].第一版.人民交通出版社.2005
[36] Negrao J.H.O.,L.M.C.Optimization of cable-stayed bridge with three-dimensional modeling[J].Computers and Structures,2006,64(1).741-758
[37]戴工连.桥梁复杂结构空间分析设计方法研究与应用[D].湖南大学.2006
[38]刘玉茜.钢管混凝土粘结滑移性能的理论分析及ANSYS程序验证[D].西安建筑科技大学.2006
[39]许昌兴.砌体结构温度裂缝非线性有限元分析[J].天津大学建筑工程学院.2007.12-15
[40] Gethin Roberts, Xiaolin Meng, Michele Meo , Alan Dodson , Emily Cosser , Emanuela Iuliano, Alan Morris. A Remote Bridge Health Monitoring System Using Computational Simulation And GPS Sensor Data.
[41]马旭涛.上海长江大桥索塔锚固区模型试验与分析研究[D].同济大学.2007
[42]沈聚敏,王传志,江见鲸.钢筋混凝土有限元与板壳极限分析[M].第1版.清华大学出版社
[43]丁嵬.钢筋混凝土结构裂缝宽度计算方法研究[D].天津大学建筑工程学院.2007