基于HOC虚拟仪器的机械传动故障诊断系统研究
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摘要
机械传动系统的故障诊断在机械设备故障诊断中占有重要位置,研究先进的机械故障诊断技术具有重要意义。本文以机械传动中广泛应用的齿轮传动系统为对象,对系统发生故障后的故障特征信息进行了深入的研究,采用现代信号处理新理论高阶累积量(HOC)提取故障特征,区分了故障,并研制开发了基于高阶累积量的虚拟仪器诊断系统。
高阶累积量是一种新的现代信号分析理论方法和技术,本文详细讨论了讨论了高阶累积量方法的特点和性质,分析了基于高阶累积量方法的相关信号处理技术,以及在处理随机信号的非线性特性时独特的功能;研究了基于高阶累积量方法的振动信号处理技术,即双谱分析、1 1/2维谱分析以及双相干谱分析方法,分析了各自特点以及它们的估计算法;在此基础上,将其引入到机械传动齿轮系统的故障诊断分析之中,对系统的故障特征进行了提取和对故障类型进行了区分;对机械传动系统进行试验研究,对不同大小和不同类型故障的系统元件和传动系统进行实验测试,采用高阶累积量进行特征提取识别,从而用实验的方法,对高阶累积量理论实际应用效果作了验证,表明这是一种较理想有前途的有效方法。
虚拟仪器技术是近年来发展迅速的仪器技术,是对测试仪器的一种革新,它具有功能强大、开发周期短、开发成本低廉等独特的优点,把虚拟仪器技术应用于工程实际也是测量仪器发展的趋势;本文在上述研究的基础上,详细地介绍了虚拟仪器技术的特点、构成、各种控件形式及其制作过程,研制了基于HOC虚拟仪器的机械传动故障诊断系统,设计了各种功能模块,包括信号的分析、处理和诊断。作为虚拟仪器技术重点的软件研制当中,把高阶累积量信号处理方法应用于故障特征信息的提取,并结合采用BP人工神经网络进行模式识别,并用实验对其功能进行了验证;由于基于HOC虚拟技术的机械传动故障诊断系统研制采用了高阶累积量的振动信号处理方法,所以将这种包含有故障二次相位耦合信息的1 1/2维谱作为特征信息用于故障模式识别,提高了机械传动故障诊断的可靠性。
The fault diagnosis of mechanical transmission is very important among mechanical equipments. The use of gear transmission is prevalent. This paper chose the gear transmission for studying the technology of extracting fault features in mechanical transmission systems, using higher order cumulants (HOC) which is a new technology of signal processing. And the virtual instrument (VI) of fault diagnosis based on HOC was developed.This paper discussed the characteristics of HOC in details and analyzed the technologies of signal processing based on HOC. The excellent ability of HOC in treating with non-linear characteristics of stochastic signals was also discussed. The signal processing technologies based on HOC and their estimates, which includeBispectra, Bicoherence and 1(1/2)-spectra, were studied. Then this paper introducedthose technologies into fault diagnosis of mechanical transmission systems and examined them in experiments. The results showed that HOC had good recognizing ability of fault features.Virtual instrument is a new technology in measurement field and the development of VI is cheaper, needs less developing time and has stronger expansibility. This paper introduced the design process and structure of the diagnosis VI for fault transmission system based on HOC technology. In the diagnosis system,BP-ANN was used for pattern recognizing and the 1(1/2)-spectra of vibration signalswas used for characteristic information. Then the paper examined the system in experiments. For the using of HOC technology, the fault recognizing ability of diagnosis system is enhanced.The paper is supported by graduate starting seed fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University (No. Z200524).
高阶累积量是一种新的现代信号分析理论方法和技术,本文详细讨论了讨论了高阶累积量方法的特点和性质,分析了基于高阶累积量方法的相关信号处理技术,以及在处理随机信号的非线性特性时独特的功能;研究了基于高阶累积量方法的振动信号处理技术,即双谱分析、1 1/2维谱分析以及双相干谱分析方法,分析了各自特点以及它们的估计算法;在此基础上,将其引入到机械传动齿轮系统的故障诊断分析之中,对系统的故障特征进行了提取和对故障类型进行了区分;对机械传动系统进行试验研究,对不同大小和不同类型故障的系统元件和传动系统进行实验测试,采用高阶累积量进行特征提取识别,从而用实验的方法,对高阶累积量理论实际应用效果作了验证,表明这是一种较理想有前途的有效方法。
虚拟仪器技术是近年来发展迅速的仪器技术,是对测试仪器的一种革新,它具有功能强大、开发周期短、开发成本低廉等独特的优点,把虚拟仪器技术应用于工程实际也是测量仪器发展的趋势;本文在上述研究的基础上,详细地介绍了虚拟仪器技术的特点、构成、各种控件形式及其制作过程,研制了基于HOC虚拟仪器的机械传动故障诊断系统,设计了各种功能模块,包括信号的分析、处理和诊断。作为虚拟仪器技术重点的软件研制当中,把高阶累积量信号处理方法应用于故障特征信息的提取,并结合采用BP人工神经网络进行模式识别,并用实验对其功能进行了验证;由于基于HOC虚拟技术的机械传动故障诊断系统研制采用了高阶累积量的振动信号处理方法,所以将这种包含有故障二次相位耦合信息的1 1/2维谱作为特征信息用于故障模式识别,提高了机械传动故障诊断的可靠性。
The fault diagnosis of mechanical transmission is very important among mechanical equipments. The use of gear transmission is prevalent. This paper chose the gear transmission for studying the technology of extracting fault features in mechanical transmission systems, using higher order cumulants (HOC) which is a new technology of signal processing. And the virtual instrument (VI) of fault diagnosis based on HOC was developed.This paper discussed the characteristics of HOC in details and analyzed the technologies of signal processing based on HOC. The excellent ability of HOC in treating with non-linear characteristics of stochastic signals was also discussed. The signal processing technologies based on HOC and their estimates, which includeBispectra, Bicoherence and 1(1/2)-spectra, were studied. Then this paper introducedthose technologies into fault diagnosis of mechanical transmission systems and examined them in experiments. The results showed that HOC had good recognizing ability of fault features.Virtual instrument is a new technology in measurement field and the development of VI is cheaper, needs less developing time and has stronger expansibility. This paper introduced the design process and structure of the diagnosis VI for fault transmission system based on HOC technology. In the diagnosis system,BP-ANN was used for pattern recognizing and the 1(1/2)-spectra of vibration signalswas used for characteristic information. Then the paper examined the system in experiments. For the using of HOC technology, the fault recognizing ability of diagnosis system is enhanced.The paper is supported by graduate starting seed fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University (No. Z200524).
引文
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