基于电力机车不同工况的负荷谐波分析与仿真
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摘要
近年来我国电气化铁道发展很快，铁路电气化率接近30％，并承担铁路总运量的50％以上，给国民经济带来了巨大的经济效益。但是电气化铁道从电网取得工频能量的同时，向电网注入了大量的高次谐波电流，降低了供电质量，影响了继电保护的正确动作和电气量测量的精度，威胁牵引变电所的安全运行及电网中其他用电设备正常工作。
为了从根本上抑制电力牵引负荷谐波带来的影响，削弱谐波对牵引供电系统主元件、保护测控装置和其他用户电子设备的影响，有必要研究电气化铁道牵引谐波产生的机理，确定馈线电流谐波的含量与分布状况。论文根据电力机车类型的不同，运用电路、电磁场和电力电子学理论研究了交—直型电力机车相控整流时谐波的产生机理、励磁涌流的电磁过程，并对晶闸管相控整流和励磁涌流时的理论谐波含量进行了傅里叶分析。为了研究牵引负荷谐波状况，论文建立了牵引供电网络——电力机车系统的数学模型，并在此基础上运用MATLAB/Simulink构建了牵引供电——机车系统几种典型工况下的仿真模型，仿真了机车在不同工况下谐波电流的含量，并通过变电所实测录波数据验证了该仿真模型和谐波理论分析的正确性。
论文还根据交—直—交型机车的实际参数，运用MATLAB/Simulink对交—直—交型机车进行了数学仿真研究，阐释了其负荷工况和谐波特点，为运行交—直—交型机车的牵引供电系统馈线保护发展做了有益的基础工作。
Electrified railroads in our country have quickly developed in recent years and have amounted to 30% of whole railroads. The electrified railroads that undertake 50% of total transportation bring a great benefit to national economy. However, a large amount of harmonic is generated in the power network when the electrified railroads loads consume fundamental frequency electric power. These harmonics make bad effect on the operation of protection relays and the precision of electricity measures, worsen the power quality and threaten the security of traction substations as well as other equipments in power system.
It is necessary to study the mechanism of harmonics generation, make sure the content and distribute of harmonics current in order to alleviate their harm to traction power system's component, equipments of protect and measure as well as other customer's electronics equipments. Besed on the circuit, electromagnetism and electric power electronics theories, we have done some theory research on the harmonics induced by thyristor commutate circuits of AC-DC locomotive, surge electromagnetism process. We calculate the theory content of harmonics using the Fourier arithmetic under thyristor commutate and surge electrmagnetism process. In order to study the electrical traction load's harmonics, the thesis establishs the power supply network-locomotive model, and simulates several typical work conditions of traction power system with AC-DC locomotives utilizing the MATLAB/ Simulink tools. The magnitudes of harmonics have been gotten in several different work conditions and their correctness has been proved by comparison with the results from the field records measurements.
This thesis also carries digital simulations of AC-DC-AC locomotives with actual parameter of locomotive using MATLAB/Simulink. The load harmonics characteristics of AC-DC-AC locomotives are presented, which
will be helpful for the development of feeder protection relays of traction power system with AC-DC-AC locomotives.
为了从根本上抑制电力牵引负荷谐波带来的影响，削弱谐波对牵引供电系统主元件、保护测控装置和其他用户电子设备的影响，有必要研究电气化铁道牵引谐波产生的机理，确定馈线电流谐波的含量与分布状况。论文根据电力机车类型的不同，运用电路、电磁场和电力电子学理论研究了交—直型电力机车相控整流时谐波的产生机理、励磁涌流的电磁过程，并对晶闸管相控整流和励磁涌流时的理论谐波含量进行了傅里叶分析。为了研究牵引负荷谐波状况，论文建立了牵引供电网络——电力机车系统的数学模型，并在此基础上运用MATLAB/Simulink构建了牵引供电——机车系统几种典型工况下的仿真模型，仿真了机车在不同工况下谐波电流的含量，并通过变电所实测录波数据验证了该仿真模型和谐波理论分析的正确性。
论文还根据交—直—交型机车的实际参数，运用MATLAB/Simulink对交—直—交型机车进行了数学仿真研究，阐释了其负荷工况和谐波特点，为运行交—直—交型机车的牵引供电系统馈线保护发展做了有益的基础工作。
Electrified railroads in our country have quickly developed in recent years and have amounted to 30% of whole railroads. The electrified railroads that undertake 50% of total transportation bring a great benefit to national economy. However, a large amount of harmonic is generated in the power network when the electrified railroads loads consume fundamental frequency electric power. These harmonics make bad effect on the operation of protection relays and the precision of electricity measures, worsen the power quality and threaten the security of traction substations as well as other equipments in power system.
It is necessary to study the mechanism of harmonics generation, make sure the content and distribute of harmonics current in order to alleviate their harm to traction power system's component, equipments of protect and measure as well as other customer's electronics equipments. Besed on the circuit, electromagnetism and electric power electronics theories, we have done some theory research on the harmonics induced by thyristor commutate circuits of AC-DC locomotive, surge electromagnetism process. We calculate the theory content of harmonics using the Fourier arithmetic under thyristor commutate and surge electrmagnetism process. In order to study the electrical traction load's harmonics, the thesis establishs the power supply network-locomotive model, and simulates several typical work conditions of traction power system with AC-DC locomotives utilizing the MATLAB/ Simulink tools. The magnitudes of harmonics have been gotten in several different work conditions and their correctness has been proved by comparison with the results from the field records measurements.
This thesis also carries digital simulations of AC-DC-AC locomotives with actual parameter of locomotive using MATLAB/Simulink. The load harmonics characteristics of AC-DC-AC locomotives are presented, which
will be helpful for the development of feeder protection relays of traction power system with AC-DC-AC locomotives.
引文
[1]李群湛．电气化铁道谐波问题的思考．铁道学报，1999，第21卷(铁道电气化与自动化专辑)
[2]周立平．电牵引负荷动态谐波仿真．铁道学报铁道牵引电气化与自动化专辑，1991
[3]黄济荣，张友松．交流传动电力机车的发展状态与趋势．电力机车技术，1993(1)
[4]吴竞昌．供电系统谐波．中国电力出版社，1998
[5]许实章等．电机学．第3版．机械工业出版社，1996
[6]王兆安，黄俊．电力电子技术．机械工业出版社，2000
[7]连级三．电力牵引控制系统．中国铁道出版社，1996
[8]刘友梅．韶山3型4000系列电力机车．中国铁道出版社，1996
[9]张进思．电牵引负荷谐波在电力系统的分布．西南交通大学学报，1984，4
[10]张直平，李芬辰等．城市电网谐波手册．中国电力出版社，2001
[11]潘启敬，牵引供电系统继电保护，第二版，中国铁道出版社，1996
[12]高仕斌．复线电力牵引网瞬时与永久性故障特征分析．铁道学报，1998第20卷第3期
[13]西南交通大学等．交直交原型电力机车AC4000试验台试验报告．西南交通大学，1998．5
[14]李荣贵．交—直—交电力机车仿真试验台．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文·2002
[15]藏英杰．交流电机的变频调速．中国铁道出版社，1984
[16]薛定宇，陈阳泉，基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用．清华大学出版社，2002
[17]顾乐观，孙才新．电力系统的污秽绝缘．重庆大学出版社，1990
[18]孙树勤．电压波动与闪变(第四分册)．中国电力出版社，1998
[19]杨志华，朱俐琴．交流传动电力机车网侧谐波分析与对策．电力机车与城轨车辆，2003(3)
[20]郭育华，连级三，邹滨，自动过电分相过电压仿真分析．铁道学报，1999(21)增刊
[21]涂胜军．牵引负荷及行为过程的测试与分析．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文．1998
[22]王挺泽．“中原之星”号牵引电传动系统设计与试验．机车电传动，2002(2)
[23]C.S.Chang, T. Feng, A.M.Khambadkone and S.Kumar, "Remoteshort—circuit current determination in DC railway systems using wavelet transform", IEE Proc.—Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 147, No.6, November 2000
[24]P. Betrand, R.Kaczmarek, X.Le Pivert, P. Bastard, "Earth Fault Detection In A Compensated Earthed Network, without Any Voltage Measurement: A New Protection Principle", IEE Conference Pub lication No.482, June 2001
[25]S.Navaneethan, J.J.Soraghan, W.H.Siew, F. Mcpherson, and P.F. Gale, "Automatic Fault Location for Underground Low Voltage Distribution Networks", IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol.16, No.2, April 2001
[26]E.Pudeny, R.Wales, "Optimised Overhead Line Maintenance on 25kV Electrified Railways Using Remotely Monitored Distance Protection", Developments in Power System Protection, Conference Publication No.479, IEE 2001
[27]Thomas Baldwin, Frank Renovich, "Analysis of Fault Locating Signals for High—Impedance Grounded Systems", IEEE, 2001,p1823—p1830
[28]Wiktor Charytoniuk, Wei—Jen Lee, Mo—Shing Chen, Joe Cultrera, Theodore Maffetone, "Arcing Fault Detection in Underground Distribution Networks Feasibility Study", IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 2000
[29]安喰，持永．静止形切替开关器适用场合予想
切替电気现象．电気学会全国大会，No．1180，1999
[30]安喰，持永，兎束，齐藤，吉舖．车両用变压器励磁突入电流抑制可能新幹線用静止形切替开闭器检讨．电気学会论文志 D，Vol．121—D，No．3，2001．3
[31]安喰，持永，兎束，齐藤，吉舖．车両用静止形切替开闭器与车両用变压器励磁突入电流抑制检讨．铁道総研报告(电力技术特集)，Vol．15，No．6，2001．6
[32]X.R.Wang, K.M.Hopkinson, J.S.Thorp, R.Giovanini, "Developing an Agent Based Backup Protection System for Transmission Networks", Power Systems and Communications Infrastructures for the Future, Beijing, September 2002
[33]Eun-Soo Kim, "An Improved Soft-Switching PWM FB DC/DC Converter for Reducing Conduction Losses", IEEE TRANS, 1999
[34]Chih-Ju Chou, Ying-Tong Hsiao, Chin-Cheng Hsu, "Distribution of Earth Leakage Currents in Railway Systems with Drain Auto—transformers", IEEE 1999, p223—p227
[35]黄济荣．电力牵引交流传动与控制．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[36]李群湛．电气化铁道并联综合补偿及其应用．中国铁道出版社，1993
[37]董炜，秦忆．用C语言和MATLAB构造PWM控制仿真模型的一种方法．电气传动，2001(1)
[38]廖晓钟．电力电子技术与电气传动．北京理工大学出版社，2000
[39]张进思．电气化铁道负荷过程及负荷行为的计算机仿真．西南交通大学学报，1986，4
[40]葛宝明，苏鹏声，王维俭．基于瞬时励磁电感频率特性判别变压器励磁涌流．电力系统自动化，2002第26卷第17期
[41]C.S.Chang, S.Kumar, B.Liu, A.Khambadkone, "Real-Time Detection Using Wavelet Transform and Neural Networks of Short—Circuit Faults within a Train in DC Transit Systems", IEE Proc.—Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 148, No.3, May 2001
[42]Keizo Inagaki, Masaru Higaki, Yoshiaki, "Digital Protection
Method for Power Transformers Based on an Equivalent Circuit Composed of Inverse Inductance," IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1988,3(4)
[43]Kouhei Ohnishi et al, "Decoupling Control of Secondary Flux and Secondary Current in Induction Motor Drive with Controlled Voltage Source and Its Comparison with Voltage/hertz Control," IEEE Trans. On Ind. Ap—p1, 1985, 21(1)
[44]Allan J.V. Miller, Michael B.Dewe, "Multichannel Continuous Harmonic Analysis in Real—Time", IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.7, No.4, Octorber 1992
[45]D.O Kelly etc, "Probability Characteristics of Fundamental and Harmonics Sequence Components of Randomly Varying Loads. IEE Proc., Vol. 129,Pt.C. No.2, March 1992
[46]蔡婧．晶闸管机车负荷特性及馈线保护动作行为仿真分析．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文．1996
[47]铁道部科学研究院．电铁谐波水平测试试验结果初步分析．中国铁道出版社，1997，7
[48]曹建猷．电气化铁道供电系统．中国铁道出版社，1993
[49]张直平．陕西电网的谐波和电压调整问题．供用电，1993(4)
[50]黄操军，陈润恩，王桂英．变流技术基础及应用．中国水利水电出版社，2002
[51]李曙辉，张进思，李群湛．SS_3型电力机车牵引运行仿真．铁道学报，1993，6
[52]童春辉，沈本荫．牵引电机．中国铁道出版社，1995
[53]Y. Jiang, H.Mao, F.C.Lee, D.Borojevic, "Simple High Performance Three-Phase Boost Rectifiers", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1994
[54]S.Hiti, D.Borojevic, "Control of Front-End Three-Phase Boost Rectifier", Applied Power Electronics Conference-March 1995
[55]S.hiti, D.Borojevic, R Ambatipudi, R.Zhang, "Average Current Control of Three-Phase Boost Rectifier", VPEC Seminar, 1995
[56]H.Mao, D.Borojevic, A.Ravindra, and F.c. lee, "Analysis and Design of High Frequency Three-Phase Boost Rectifiers", VPEC Seminar, 1995
[2]周立平．电牵引负荷动态谐波仿真．铁道学报铁道牵引电气化与自动化专辑，1991
[3]黄济荣，张友松．交流传动电力机车的发展状态与趋势．电力机车技术，1993(1)
[4]吴竞昌．供电系统谐波．中国电力出版社，1998
[5]许实章等．电机学．第3版．机械工业出版社，1996
[6]王兆安，黄俊．电力电子技术．机械工业出版社，2000
[7]连级三．电力牵引控制系统．中国铁道出版社，1996
[8]刘友梅．韶山3型4000系列电力机车．中国铁道出版社，1996
[9]张进思．电牵引负荷谐波在电力系统的分布．西南交通大学学报，1984，4
[10]张直平，李芬辰等．城市电网谐波手册．中国电力出版社，2001
[11]潘启敬，牵引供电系统继电保护，第二版，中国铁道出版社，1996
[12]高仕斌．复线电力牵引网瞬时与永久性故障特征分析．铁道学报，1998第20卷第3期
[13]西南交通大学等．交直交原型电力机车AC4000试验台试验报告．西南交通大学，1998．5
[14]李荣贵．交—直—交电力机车仿真试验台．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文·2002
[15]藏英杰．交流电机的变频调速．中国铁道出版社，1984
[16]薛定宇，陈阳泉，基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用．清华大学出版社，2002
[17]顾乐观，孙才新．电力系统的污秽绝缘．重庆大学出版社，1990
[18]孙树勤．电压波动与闪变(第四分册)．中国电力出版社，1998
[19]杨志华，朱俐琴．交流传动电力机车网侧谐波分析与对策．电力机车与城轨车辆，2003(3)
[20]郭育华，连级三，邹滨，自动过电分相过电压仿真分析．铁道学报，1999(21)增刊
[21]涂胜军．牵引负荷及行为过程的测试与分析．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文．1998
[22]王挺泽．“中原之星”号牵引电传动系统设计与试验．机车电传动，2002(2)
[23]C.S.Chang, T. Feng, A.M.Khambadkone and S.Kumar, "Remoteshort—circuit current determination in DC railway systems using wavelet transform", IEE Proc.—Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 147, No.6, November 2000
[24]P. Betrand, R.Kaczmarek, X.Le Pivert, P. Bastard, "Earth Fault Detection In A Compensated Earthed Network, without Any Voltage Measurement: A New Protection Principle", IEE Conference Pub lication No.482, June 2001
[25]S.Navaneethan, J.J.Soraghan, W.H.Siew, F. Mcpherson, and P.F. Gale, "Automatic Fault Location for Underground Low Voltage Distribution Networks", IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol.16, No.2, April 2001
[26]E.Pudeny, R.Wales, "Optimised Overhead Line Maintenance on 25kV Electrified Railways Using Remotely Monitored Distance Protection", Developments in Power System Protection, Conference Publication No.479, IEE 2001
[27]Thomas Baldwin, Frank Renovich, "Analysis of Fault Locating Signals for High—Impedance Grounded Systems", IEEE, 2001,p1823—p1830
[28]Wiktor Charytoniuk, Wei—Jen Lee, Mo—Shing Chen, Joe Cultrera, Theodore Maffetone, "Arcing Fault Detection in Underground Distribution Networks Feasibility Study", IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 2000
[29]安喰，持永．静止形切替开关器适用场合予想
切替电気现象．电気学会全国大会，No．1180，1999
[30]安喰，持永，兎束，齐藤，吉舖．车両用变压器励磁突入电流抑制可能新幹線用静止形切替开闭器检讨．电気学会论文志 D，Vol．121—D，No．3，2001．3
[31]安喰，持永，兎束，齐藤，吉舖．车両用静止形切替开闭器与车両用变压器励磁突入电流抑制检讨．铁道総研报告(电力技术特集)，Vol．15，No．6，2001．6
[32]X.R.Wang, K.M.Hopkinson, J.S.Thorp, R.Giovanini, "Developing an Agent Based Backup Protection System for Transmission Networks", Power Systems and Communications Infrastructures for the Future, Beijing, September 2002
[33]Eun-Soo Kim, "An Improved Soft-Switching PWM FB DC/DC Converter for Reducing Conduction Losses", IEEE TRANS, 1999
[34]Chih-Ju Chou, Ying-Tong Hsiao, Chin-Cheng Hsu, "Distribution of Earth Leakage Currents in Railway Systems with Drain Auto—transformers", IEEE 1999, p223—p227
[35]黄济荣．电力牵引交流传动与控制．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[36]李群湛．电气化铁道并联综合补偿及其应用．中国铁道出版社，1993
[37]董炜，秦忆．用C语言和MATLAB构造PWM控制仿真模型的一种方法．电气传动，2001(1)
[38]廖晓钟．电力电子技术与电气传动．北京理工大学出版社，2000
[39]张进思．电气化铁道负荷过程及负荷行为的计算机仿真．西南交通大学学报，1986，4
[40]葛宝明，苏鹏声，王维俭．基于瞬时励磁电感频率特性判别变压器励磁涌流．电力系统自动化，2002第26卷第17期
[41]C.S.Chang, S.Kumar, B.Liu, A.Khambadkone, "Real-Time Detection Using Wavelet Transform and Neural Networks of Short—Circuit Faults within a Train in DC Transit Systems", IEE Proc.—Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 148, No.3, May 2001
[42]Keizo Inagaki, Masaru Higaki, Yoshiaki, "Digital Protection
Method for Power Transformers Based on an Equivalent Circuit Composed of Inverse Inductance," IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1988,3(4)
[43]Kouhei Ohnishi et al, "Decoupling Control of Secondary Flux and Secondary Current in Induction Motor Drive with Controlled Voltage Source and Its Comparison with Voltage/hertz Control," IEEE Trans. On Ind. Ap—p1, 1985, 21(1)
[44]Allan J.V. Miller, Michael B.Dewe, "Multichannel Continuous Harmonic Analysis in Real—Time", IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.7, No.4, Octorber 1992
[45]D.O Kelly etc, "Probability Characteristics of Fundamental and Harmonics Sequence Components of Randomly Varying Loads. IEE Proc., Vol. 129,Pt.C. No.2, March 1992
[46]蔡婧．晶闸管机车负荷特性及馈线保护动作行为仿真分析．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文．1996
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