基于应变片的动平衡机测试系统的研究设计
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摘要
动平衡机测试系统是平衡机的主要部分,其设计直接决定着平衡机的测量精度。本文首先分析了产生转子不平衡的原因以及危害,论述了转子不平衡的分类和各类不平衡的平衡方法。并把此作为理论依据,以单自由度动平衡机为基础,以摆架为例,提出了摆架系统的力学模型,建立了转子振动的数学模型。并推导出了转子不平衡量大小和相位的计算表达式,并同实际情况相结合,改进了转子振动的计算方法,特别是振幅的计算方法。
针对动平衡机基本的测量方法的改进,提出了基于应变片的动平衡机振动系统的测量方法。根据动平衡机的原理,证明了其测量方法原理的正确性。通过惠斯登电桥电路,将检测到平衡机振动始不平衡量,系统微小的变形,并将其应变转化成电信号的电测系统。实现精度较高的动不平衡量测量。
为了实现对转子的振动信号的精确提取和转换,本文研究并使用了惠斯登电桥电路,详细的设计了振动信号获取调理电路。解决了在复杂工作环境下微弱信号的转化、放大、A/D转化、跟踪滤波等。并对其初始信号进行整形处理,使其达到设计目的。
另外,为了保证系统的精度和稳定性,开发了基于应变片的动平衡机振动测量系统,该测试系统能准确的测出转子的振动特性。测试系统主要包括参数设置、数据采集、信号滤波、信号处理、数据储藏、数据回放等。并对其软件流程作了简要介绍。
最后,为了验证系统的精度和稳定性,对其测试系统进行了实验。实验结果表明该系统具有良好的稳定性。对误差来源作了分析,并提出了消除误差的一般方法。为进一步研究高精度的动平衡测试系统提供了参考。
Test system is the key part of dynamic-balancing-machine. Its design is the key point to the performance of dynamic-balancing-machine. This paper firstly analyzes the cause and reason of unbalance rotor and the harm caused by it. It also discusses the classification and unbalance amending method of rotor’s imbalance. On the basis of that, as to the wing frame of the single-degree-of-freedom dynamic balancing machine, this paper proposes the mechanical model of wing frame system and establishes the mathematical model of the rotor vibration. then the rotor’s computational expressions of the amplitude and phase are established. Allowing for the actual situation, the calculation method of rotor’s vibration is improved, especially the amplitude. Research indicates that the improved calculation method can obtain higher precision and reduce the measurement errors.
Based on the improvement of basic measuring methods,this paper proposes measurements based on the strain gauge of dynamic balancing machines vibration system. According to the principle of dynamic balancing machines, this paper proved the correctness of the measurement principle. Through electric bridge circuit, measurement system detect balancing machines vibration beginning balancing, cause system tiny deformation, and its strain into signals of the electrical signals。In order to realize the accurate extraction and transformation of the rotor vibration signals, this paper studies and utilizes a bridge,and the detailed design circuits of vibration signal acquisition and regulate vibration signal. This paper solve a weak signal conversion, amplification, A/D conversion, filtering and so on in the complex work environment. To meet the design requirements, the initial signal is reformed processed
In addition, in order to guarantee the precision and stability of the system, this paper exploit the dynamic balancing machines’s vibration measurement system which based on the strain gauge. The system can accurately measured out vibration characteristics of wing frame.
This measurement system includes parameters settings, data acquisition, signal filtering, signal processing, data storage, data playback, etc. And the software flow are briefly introduced.
Finally, in order to verify the precision and stability of the system, experiment was done and the error sources are analyzed. This paper put forward the general method to eliminate the error. For further research of high precision dynamic balance measuring system provides reference.
针对动平衡机基本的测量方法的改进,提出了基于应变片的动平衡机振动系统的测量方法。根据动平衡机的原理,证明了其测量方法原理的正确性。通过惠斯登电桥电路,将检测到平衡机振动始不平衡量,系统微小的变形,并将其应变转化成电信号的电测系统。实现精度较高的动不平衡量测量。
为了实现对转子的振动信号的精确提取和转换,本文研究并使用了惠斯登电桥电路,详细的设计了振动信号获取调理电路。解决了在复杂工作环境下微弱信号的转化、放大、A/D转化、跟踪滤波等。并对其初始信号进行整形处理,使其达到设计目的。
另外,为了保证系统的精度和稳定性,开发了基于应变片的动平衡机振动测量系统,该测试系统能准确的测出转子的振动特性。测试系统主要包括参数设置、数据采集、信号滤波、信号处理、数据储藏、数据回放等。并对其软件流程作了简要介绍。
最后,为了验证系统的精度和稳定性,对其测试系统进行了实验。实验结果表明该系统具有良好的稳定性。对误差来源作了分析,并提出了消除误差的一般方法。为进一步研究高精度的动平衡测试系统提供了参考。
Test system is the key part of dynamic-balancing-machine. Its design is the key point to the performance of dynamic-balancing-machine. This paper firstly analyzes the cause and reason of unbalance rotor and the harm caused by it. It also discusses the classification and unbalance amending method of rotor’s imbalance. On the basis of that, as to the wing frame of the single-degree-of-freedom dynamic balancing machine, this paper proposes the mechanical model of wing frame system and establishes the mathematical model of the rotor vibration. then the rotor’s computational expressions of the amplitude and phase are established. Allowing for the actual situation, the calculation method of rotor’s vibration is improved, especially the amplitude. Research indicates that the improved calculation method can obtain higher precision and reduce the measurement errors.
Based on the improvement of basic measuring methods,this paper proposes measurements based on the strain gauge of dynamic balancing machines vibration system. According to the principle of dynamic balancing machines, this paper proved the correctness of the measurement principle. Through electric bridge circuit, measurement system detect balancing machines vibration beginning balancing, cause system tiny deformation, and its strain into signals of the electrical signals。In order to realize the accurate extraction and transformation of the rotor vibration signals, this paper studies and utilizes a bridge,and the detailed design circuits of vibration signal acquisition and regulate vibration signal. This paper solve a weak signal conversion, amplification, A/D conversion, filtering and so on in the complex work environment. To meet the design requirements, the initial signal is reformed processed
In addition, in order to guarantee the precision and stability of the system, this paper exploit the dynamic balancing machines’s vibration measurement system which based on the strain gauge. The system can accurately measured out vibration characteristics of wing frame.
This measurement system includes parameters settings, data acquisition, signal filtering, signal processing, data storage, data playback, etc. And the software flow are briefly introduced.
Finally, in order to verify the precision and stability of the system, experiment was done and the error sources are analyzed. This paper put forward the general method to eliminate the error. For further research of high precision dynamic balance measuring system provides reference.
引文
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[4]王汉英.转子平衡技术与平衡机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
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[6]刘美生,王蛟茹,姜爱军.动不平衡及车轮动平衡机不平衡量的测量[J].中国测试技术.2003,(3):3-6.
[7]朱晓农.国产平衡机的现状和发展预测[J].试验技术与试验机,1997,37(3):10-20.
[8] A.G.Parkinson.Balancing of Rotation Machinery.Prod.Of Inst.Mech.Eng.Part C,J.Mech.Eng.Sc.Vol.205,1991.
[9] Arakelian,V.,Dahan,M..Dynamic balancing of mechanisms.Mechanics Research Communications,v27 n1 2000.
[10] Foiles,W.C.,Allaire,P.E.,Gunter,E.J. Rotor balancing.Shock and Vibration,1998(5):5-6.
[11]申克公司.平衡新闻.德国:Carl Schenck AG出版,1993.
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[13]申克公司.平衡新闻.德国:Carl Schenck AG出版,1998.
[14]申克公司.产品目录.上海:上海申克试验机有限公司出版,1999.
[15]岛津制作所.DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINES.东京:岛津制作所出版.
[16]国际计测器株式会社.DYNAMIC BALANCER.东京:国际计测器株式会社出版.
[17] SCHENCK.The Balancing of Fans.SCHENCK AB1116.
[18] SCHENCK.Vertical Axis Balancing Machines.SCHENCK B1110e.
[19] Ewins DJ.Modal testing: theory and practice.Research Studies Press Ltd,England,1984,(107):127-132.
[20] SMS.FDSDEC finite element analysis system user's manual.U.S.A:SMS,1986:16-28.
[21] M . Lou , A . Ghobarah , T . S . Aciz . A Modal Synthesis Method for Dynamic Substructuring.Eur,J.Mech.A/Solids ,1993,12(3):403-416.
[22]李军.检测技术及仪表[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.6:33-38.
[23] Li-bo Yuan ,Qing-bin Li,YijunLiang,etal.Fiber optic 2-D sensor for measuring the strain inside the concrete specimen,Sensors and Aetuators,A94,25-31,2001.
[24] Yang Jian,He Shizheng.Dynamic balancing instrument for dual-rotor system with little speed difference based on DSP technology.仪器仪表学报,2002,23(4):331-334.
[25]杨健.基于DSP技术的旋转机械整机动平衡仪研究[J].机械科学与技术,2002,21(4):685-688.
[26]余小平.动平衡计算中影响系数的通解算法及其应用[J].湖北电力,2000,(3):11-14.
[27] Gnidlka P . Modal balancing of flexible rotors without test runs : an experimental investigation.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1983,90(2):157-172.
[28] Morton P G.Modal balancing of flexible shafts without trial weights.Proc Instn Mech Engrs,1985,199(cl):71-78.
[29]黄长艺,严普强.机械工程测试技术基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994.
[30]尤迎春,刘家祥.应力应变智能网络化测试系统的研究与应用[J].岩土力学,2003,24:165-167.
[31]黄侨,李忠龙,沙学军,徐玉滨.基于应变式传感器的桥梁无线测试系统的设计和实现[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(7):56-59.
[32]胡八一,刘仓理,刘宇,等.强电磁干扰环境下的爆炸容器动态应变测试系统[J].测试技术学报,2005,19(1):30-32.
[33]李建桥,许述财,李因武.虚拟多通道应力应变测试系统的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4):1018-1019.
[34] NEEBEL Danial J,BLANDINO Joseph R,LAWRENCE David J. Stress and strain[J].College of Integrated Science and Technology James Madison University,2002,20(2):103-110.
[35]张功铭,赵复真等.电阻应变仪坚定技术[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1991,6—22.
[36]赵清澄,石沅.实验应力分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,19—23.
[37]庄德恩.实验应力分析的若干问题及方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1979,160—163.
[38]安胜利,杨黎明.转子现场动平衡技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007 4,34—37.
[39]文成.基于虚拟仪器应变测试仪的研究和开发[D].重庆大学,2004.
[40]金鑫.超高速动平衡机测试系统的研究[D].沈阳理工大学,2009.
[41] Kaliszer H,Holnicki A,Orlubski M.Microprocessor controlled automatic balancing systems.I Mech E.,1988,(C313):109-115.
[42] TANSG,WANG XX.A Theoretical Introduction to Low-speed Balancing of Flexible Rotors: Unification and Development of The Modal Balancing and Influence Coefficient Techniques.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1993,168(3):385-394.
[43] PARKINSONAG.Balancing of Rotating Machinery.Proc Inst Mech Eng,1991,205(C1):23-28.
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