板式数字流量计的低功耗设计与无线射频通信系统的研究
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摘要
近年来,工业生产迅速发展,工业污染日益增加,水环境污染日益严重。为了有效地对水资源合理利用,对水环境进行保护,不但要监测使用水总量,而且要监测污水排放总量。目前,国内外较多采用的是电磁式流量计、超声波式流量计等,在一定程度上对污水流量的检测起到了较大的作用。但是由于受使用条件等方面的限制,安装空间狭小、安装繁琐、供电难、维护难等,现有的检测技术都难以适应其安装和运行,特别是在荒郊野外、无人看护的明渠应用中,仪器设备更难以保证正常运行。针对这些缺陷,本文研究并设计了新型板式污水流量计及其无线通信系统。
在查阅大量资料的基础上,深入分析了国内外各种污水计量系统的资料,从功能、可靠性、低功耗上进行研究,本文提出一种把无线通信技术应用于污水计量系统的设计方案,并设计出板式数字污水流量计系统。系统包括数据采集、数据计算、系统控制、无线收发、上位机数据监控等几个主要部分,采用计算机、单片机、检索式数字水位传感器及无线射频等技术,实现了污水流量数据的远程实时监控。
本文完成的工作主要包括以下内容:
(1)板式数字流量计及其无线通信系统实际应用价值的分析及系统设计方案的提出。
(2)系统低功耗电路的设计。选用了16位微控制器MSP430F149来进行控制,实现数据采集、数据计算、射频数据发送、射频数据接收、动态显示、异常报警、数据存储等功能。
(3)无线射频通信系统设计。选用单片射频收发芯片nRF905,实现对水位信号、流速信号、流量信号的实时无线传输。
(4)实验结果及分析。主要从流量测试、无线通信、系统功耗、硬件改进等四个方面做了详细的实验与分析。
(5)改进和展望。鉴于可靠性的要求,还提出了在制作电路板和天线设计中应该注意的一些问题。
板式污水流量计系统可广泛应用于污水处理厂自动化生产管理以及环保行业对废水排放量的控制,适合我国现阶段污水计量环境。将无线通信技术应用于污水流量计量系统,可以大大减少施工中人力物力的投入,极大的增强了对污水流量的监控力度。该系统对实现工业监测信息化,促进工业现代化的建设起到了重要的作用,为人们提供了一种全新的获取信息、处理信息的途径。它的研制成功能够加大对污水排放计量的监管力度,改善目前的环保状况。
In recent years, with the rapid development of industry, industrial pollution, especially the water pollution, is becoming increasingly serious. In order to make rational use of water resources and protect the water environment effectively, we should not only to monitor the use of water volume, but also to monitor the effluent emissions. At present, the electromagnetic flowmeter and the ultrasonic flowmeter are widely used, and they played a larger role in the detection of the sewage flow. However, the existing detection techniques are difficult to adapt its installation and operation to the conditions, such as small installation space, complicated installation, difficult power supply, inconvenient maintenance. It’s more difficult to ensure the operation of the instruments which are used in the nullahs in the wilds, especially. In response to these shortcomings, the paper study and design a new type of plate sewage flowmeter and wireless communication system.
At the basis of reading large amounts of datasheet, the paper deeply analyze the various kinds of sewage flowmeter, give a study on the function, reliability, low power consumption, put forward the wireless transmission technology used in the sewage metering system and design the plate digital sewage flowmeter system. The system contained several main parts: data sampling, data calculation, system control, wireless transmitting, top layer computer supervising and so on. The system introduces the technology of the computer, the single-chip microcomputer, the digital water level sensor and wireless radio frequency, and then implements the remote real time supervising of swage flow.
The main work contained several parts:
(1) Analyze the real application value of the plate digital flowmeter and the wireless communication system, put forward the blue print of the system.
(2) The design of system low-power consumption circuit. The system facilitated the MSP430F149 which is 16 bit micro control unit to control the system, which was used to take charge of sampling data, caculating data, controlling RF data transmitting and receiving, real-time displaying, abnormal event alarming, memorizing data and so on.
(3) RF circuit design. The system used the single chip transceiver chip nRF905 to transmit the real-time signal of water level, flow velocity, total flow.
(4) Experimental results and analysis. Take detailed experiments and analysis mainly from the flow test, wireless communications, system power consumption, hardware improvements.
(5) Some facts need to improve. Baesd on the credibility, the paper also presented some concepts that need to be care of in the design of PCB.
The system can be widely used in the product management of sewage disposal plant and the scientifically controlling about the wasted water. The system can be adapted to the present state of sewage measurement. The application of wireless transimision in the sewage flow measuring system, it can significantly reduce the human and material resources, greatly enhanced its efforts to monitor sewage flow. It implemented the centralization control and enhanced the supervising degree to the system. The system has played an important role in the implementation of the industrial information and the promotion of the industrial construction. It provides people with a new way to acquire and processe information. The successful development of the system will increase management of sewage and improve our circumstance.
在查阅大量资料的基础上,深入分析了国内外各种污水计量系统的资料,从功能、可靠性、低功耗上进行研究,本文提出一种把无线通信技术应用于污水计量系统的设计方案,并设计出板式数字污水流量计系统。系统包括数据采集、数据计算、系统控制、无线收发、上位机数据监控等几个主要部分,采用计算机、单片机、检索式数字水位传感器及无线射频等技术,实现了污水流量数据的远程实时监控。
本文完成的工作主要包括以下内容:
(1)板式数字流量计及其无线通信系统实际应用价值的分析及系统设计方案的提出。
(2)系统低功耗电路的设计。选用了16位微控制器MSP430F149来进行控制,实现数据采集、数据计算、射频数据发送、射频数据接收、动态显示、异常报警、数据存储等功能。
(3)无线射频通信系统设计。选用单片射频收发芯片nRF905,实现对水位信号、流速信号、流量信号的实时无线传输。
(4)实验结果及分析。主要从流量测试、无线通信、系统功耗、硬件改进等四个方面做了详细的实验与分析。
(5)改进和展望。鉴于可靠性的要求,还提出了在制作电路板和天线设计中应该注意的一些问题。
板式污水流量计系统可广泛应用于污水处理厂自动化生产管理以及环保行业对废水排放量的控制,适合我国现阶段污水计量环境。将无线通信技术应用于污水流量计量系统,可以大大减少施工中人力物力的投入,极大的增强了对污水流量的监控力度。该系统对实现工业监测信息化,促进工业现代化的建设起到了重要的作用,为人们提供了一种全新的获取信息、处理信息的途径。它的研制成功能够加大对污水排放计量的监管力度,改善目前的环保状况。
In recent years, with the rapid development of industry, industrial pollution, especially the water pollution, is becoming increasingly serious. In order to make rational use of water resources and protect the water environment effectively, we should not only to monitor the use of water volume, but also to monitor the effluent emissions. At present, the electromagnetic flowmeter and the ultrasonic flowmeter are widely used, and they played a larger role in the detection of the sewage flow. However, the existing detection techniques are difficult to adapt its installation and operation to the conditions, such as small installation space, complicated installation, difficult power supply, inconvenient maintenance. It’s more difficult to ensure the operation of the instruments which are used in the nullahs in the wilds, especially. In response to these shortcomings, the paper study and design a new type of plate sewage flowmeter and wireless communication system.
At the basis of reading large amounts of datasheet, the paper deeply analyze the various kinds of sewage flowmeter, give a study on the function, reliability, low power consumption, put forward the wireless transmission technology used in the sewage metering system and design the plate digital sewage flowmeter system. The system contained several main parts: data sampling, data calculation, system control, wireless transmitting, top layer computer supervising and so on. The system introduces the technology of the computer, the single-chip microcomputer, the digital water level sensor and wireless radio frequency, and then implements the remote real time supervising of swage flow.
The main work contained several parts:
(1) Analyze the real application value of the plate digital flowmeter and the wireless communication system, put forward the blue print of the system.
(2) The design of system low-power consumption circuit. The system facilitated the MSP430F149 which is 16 bit micro control unit to control the system, which was used to take charge of sampling data, caculating data, controlling RF data transmitting and receiving, real-time displaying, abnormal event alarming, memorizing data and so on.
(3) RF circuit design. The system used the single chip transceiver chip nRF905 to transmit the real-time signal of water level, flow velocity, total flow.
(4) Experimental results and analysis. Take detailed experiments and analysis mainly from the flow test, wireless communications, system power consumption, hardware improvements.
(5) Some facts need to improve. Baesd on the credibility, the paper also presented some concepts that need to be care of in the design of PCB.
The system can be widely used in the product management of sewage disposal plant and the scientifically controlling about the wasted water. The system can be adapted to the present state of sewage measurement. The application of wireless transimision in the sewage flow measuring system, it can significantly reduce the human and material resources, greatly enhanced its efforts to monitor sewage flow. It implemented the centralization control and enhanced the supervising degree to the system. The system has played an important role in the implementation of the industrial information and the promotion of the industrial construction. It provides people with a new way to acquire and processe information. The successful development of the system will increase management of sewage and improve our circumstance.
引文
[1]梁国伟,蔡武昌等.流量测量技术及仪表[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:12-78.
[2]马福昌.感应式水位传感器[P].中国:ZL96110735.9,1997-06-25.
[3]马福昌.数字检索式水位传感器[P].中国:ZL200310109631.9,2005-06-08.
[4]马福昌.数字检索式水位传感器的制备方法[P].中国:ZL200310109630.4, 2005-08-31.
[5]黄智伟.射频集成电路芯片原理与应用电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:22-79.
[6]胡大可.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:12-145.
[7]徐科军,马修水,李晓林等.传感器与监测技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:18-55.
[8]马福昌,数字水文信息采集与自动化报送理论及新技术研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005.
[9]陈邦媛.射频通信电路[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:5-118.
[10]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1-205.
[11]曹湧．明渠流量测量系统的研究与开发[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2002.
[12]逯贵祯.射频电路的分析和设计[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,2003:59-81.
[13]马福昌,王辉.检索式数字水位传感器智能变送器的设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2008, 29(4):740-744.
[14]余永权,林伟.廉价单片机原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998:11-97.
[15]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:1-179.
[16]盛信.超声波明渠流量计在污水计量中的应用[J].中国仪器仪表,2005,(7):98-99.
[17]何立民.低功耗单片微机系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1994:21-92 .
[18] (日)川田裕郎等编著,罗秦等译.流量测量手册[M].北京:计量出版社,1982:73-115.
[19]刘舒祺,牟志刚.RFID系统中的PCB环型天线设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,(1):5-7.
[20]李丽宏,谢克明.液位自动检测的现状与发展[J].太原理工大学学报,2001,32(4):417-420.
[21] Nordic VLSI ASA.Single chip 433/868/915 MHz Transceiver nRF905[Z].2006.9.
[22] Nordic VLSI ASA.Small loop antennas[Z].2002.
[23] W.Wimmer, D.Waller . Recent developments in level and flow measurement techniques[J].International Journal on Hydropower & Dams,1995,2(2) :75-79.
[24] David D McGehee.Remote automated wave and water level monitoring system deployed at Agat Harbor[J].Guam Coastal Engineering Pratice’92,1992:898-907.
[25] Wang Wenran, Duan Quansheng . Study on water level sensors in NHR-200 vessel[J].Qinghua Daxue Xuebao,1996,36(11):105-109.
[26]蒋博.nRF905的无线数据传输系统[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2006,(3):59-60.
[27]余臻,刘志雄,李杰.无线数传通信协议设计与实现[J].厦门大学学报,2008,47(3):353-356.
[28]刘聘,王川.高频电子线路[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:6-256.
[29]夏路易,石宗义.电路原理与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002:1-251.
[30]龚清萍,吴伯春.基于信号完整性的PCB设计一般规则[J].航空电子技术,2004,35(3):35-41.
[31]胡永忠,陈春俊.基于ISM频段的无线通信中继器的设计[J].昆明理工大学学报,2007,32(5):27-30.
[32] Pentila Katariina . Performance development of a high-speed automatic object identification using passive RFID technology[J].IEEE Robotics and Automation Society,2004:873-876.
[33] Manapure Shomit S.A comparative study of radio frequency-based indoor location sensing systems[C].IEEE,2004:331-334.
[34] Kunawanakit, W.Automated monitoring system for quality of treated wastewater from a power plant by incorporating flow injestion analysis[J].Laboratory Robotics and Automation,2000,12(3):164-70.
[35] AS1117 800mA Low Dropout Regulator SCSI-II Active Terminator Datasheet[Z].Alpha Semiconductor Incorporated.1999.
[36] Denis Donlagic,Miha Zavrsnik,Irvin Sirotic.The Use of One-Dimensional Acoustical Gas Resonator for Fluid Level Measurements[J].IEEE Transaction on Instrument and Measurement,2000,49(5):1095-1100.
[37] Chipcon components.CC1000 Single Chip High Performance RF Transceiver[Z].
[2]马福昌.感应式水位传感器[P].中国:ZL96110735.9,1997-06-25.
[3]马福昌.数字检索式水位传感器[P].中国:ZL200310109631.9,2005-06-08.
[4]马福昌.数字检索式水位传感器的制备方法[P].中国:ZL200310109630.4, 2005-08-31.
[5]黄智伟.射频集成电路芯片原理与应用电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:22-79.
[6]胡大可.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:12-145.
[7]徐科军,马修水,李晓林等.传感器与监测技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:18-55.
[8]马福昌,数字水文信息采集与自动化报送理论及新技术研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005.
[9]陈邦媛.射频通信电路[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:5-118.
[10]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1-205.
[11]曹湧．明渠流量测量系统的研究与开发[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2002.
[12]逯贵祯.射频电路的分析和设计[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,2003:59-81.
[13]马福昌,王辉.检索式数字水位传感器智能变送器的设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2008, 29(4):740-744.
[14]余永权,林伟.廉价单片机原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998:11-97.
[15]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:1-179.
[16]盛信.超声波明渠流量计在污水计量中的应用[J].中国仪器仪表,2005,(7):98-99.
[17]何立民.低功耗单片微机系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1994:21-92 .
[18] (日)川田裕郎等编著,罗秦等译.流量测量手册[M].北京:计量出版社,1982:73-115.
[19]刘舒祺,牟志刚.RFID系统中的PCB环型天线设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,(1):5-7.
[20]李丽宏,谢克明.液位自动检测的现状与发展[J].太原理工大学学报,2001,32(4):417-420.
[21] Nordic VLSI ASA.Single chip 433/868/915 MHz Transceiver nRF905[Z].2006.9.
[22] Nordic VLSI ASA.Small loop antennas[Z].2002.
[23] W.Wimmer, D.Waller . Recent developments in level and flow measurement techniques[J].International Journal on Hydropower & Dams,1995,2(2) :75-79.
[24] David D McGehee.Remote automated wave and water level monitoring system deployed at Agat Harbor[J].Guam Coastal Engineering Pratice’92,1992:898-907.
[25] Wang Wenran, Duan Quansheng . Study on water level sensors in NHR-200 vessel[J].Qinghua Daxue Xuebao,1996,36(11):105-109.
[26]蒋博.nRF905的无线数据传输系统[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2006,(3):59-60.
[27]余臻,刘志雄,李杰.无线数传通信协议设计与实现[J].厦门大学学报,2008,47(3):353-356.
[28]刘聘,王川.高频电子线路[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:6-256.
[29]夏路易,石宗义.电路原理与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002:1-251.
[30]龚清萍,吴伯春.基于信号完整性的PCB设计一般规则[J].航空电子技术,2004,35(3):35-41.
[31]胡永忠,陈春俊.基于ISM频段的无线通信中继器的设计[J].昆明理工大学学报,2007,32(5):27-30.
[32] Pentila Katariina . Performance development of a high-speed automatic object identification using passive RFID technology[J].IEEE Robotics and Automation Society,2004:873-876.
[33] Manapure Shomit S.A comparative study of radio frequency-based indoor location sensing systems[C].IEEE,2004:331-334.
[34] Kunawanakit, W.Automated monitoring system for quality of treated wastewater from a power plant by incorporating flow injestion analysis[J].Laboratory Robotics and Automation,2000,12(3):164-70.
[35] AS1117 800mA Low Dropout Regulator SCSI-II Active Terminator Datasheet[Z].Alpha Semiconductor Incorporated.1999.
[36] Denis Donlagic,Miha Zavrsnik,Irvin Sirotic.The Use of One-Dimensional Acoustical Gas Resonator for Fluid Level Measurements[J].IEEE Transaction on Instrument and Measurement,2000,49(5):1095-1100.
[37] Chipcon components.CC1000 Single Chip High Performance RF Transceiver[Z].