大跨度煤巷锚杆（索）支护技术研究
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摘要
随着锚杆锚索支护技术的不断发展,一般地质条件下普通巷道的锚杆锚索支护技术已经相当成熟,近几年来,为了引进大采高设备,巷道的断面尺寸越来越大,现有的锚杆锚索的支护设计方法已经不能满足要求。能否解决好大跨度、大断面巷道的支护问题,是矿井开采规模的加大和安全生产技术的关键。本文给出了一套适合大断面锚杆锚索的支护参数设计方法。
本文通过理论分析结合具体工程实例,对大断面巷道锚杆(索)支护技术进行了系统地研究。对锚杆(索)支护巷道失稳机理、巷道变形的影响因素和锚杆支护理论作了较为全面的分析。以柠条塔煤矿N1203工作面大断面锚杆(索)支护项目为工程背景,进行了大跨度、大断面锚杆(索)支护技术实践研究。通过传统设计方法和本文研究的设计方法进行支护参数方案对比,最终确定了锚杆(索)支护参数,并应用大型有限差分软件FLAC2D对锚杆(索)支护进行了稳定性分析。通过现场监测,对锚索与围岩的耦合支护参数进行了分析,总结提出“工程地质资料分析-初始设计-现场监测-信息反馈-修改设计”的动态信息设计方法。
本文的研究与实践,使大断面巷道锚杆支护由工程类比上升到定量分析,为柠条塔同类巷道的锚杆支护设计提供了一定的工程参考依据。
With the development of bolt supporting theory in our country’s coal, the technician do a lot of work, accumulate much information and get abundant experiences from supporting theory and practice. Recently pin timbering has been extensive used because the bolting of coal road has mellowed, however the problem of difficult tunnel reinforcement haven’t been solved properly, for example, wide span tunnel, heavy section. All in all, whether can we work out the problem is a critical issue for coal exploitation and safety in production.
By means of theoretical analysis and field practice, bolt supporting of wide span tunnel is studied wholly and systematically. This paper summarizes the mechanism of destabilization in bolting roadway and supporting theory. Based on generalizing the method which the design of bolt supporting, this thesis study the parameter designing method which about bolt supporting in big section of rectangle tunnel. Through using the way that rectangle roadway equivalent ellipse, to determine the floor of tunnel’s plastic zone. We carried out the practical study on the ground of large span coal that the Ningtiaota Coal. The bolting designs were determined and analysed the stability of bolt supporting by using FLAC2D.By means of field practice, we make multiple monitoring on the support effect in synchronism and analysis the monitoring data by data processing software. We evaluate the support effect and achieve the goal of dynamic design which combined preliminary design and engineering monitor in the light of feedback information optimal design.
The paper proposed theory of calculation is fit for supporting designing. It has certain efficiency and usability, and solve some technical difficult problems in the Ningtiaota Coal Mine well, and supply the design reference of the similar tunnel return air course support.
本文通过理论分析结合具体工程实例,对大断面巷道锚杆(索)支护技术进行了系统地研究。对锚杆(索)支护巷道失稳机理、巷道变形的影响因素和锚杆支护理论作了较为全面的分析。以柠条塔煤矿N1203工作面大断面锚杆(索)支护项目为工程背景,进行了大跨度、大断面锚杆(索)支护技术实践研究。通过传统设计方法和本文研究的设计方法进行支护参数方案对比,最终确定了锚杆(索)支护参数,并应用大型有限差分软件FLAC2D对锚杆(索)支护进行了稳定性分析。通过现场监测,对锚索与围岩的耦合支护参数进行了分析,总结提出“工程地质资料分析-初始设计-现场监测-信息反馈-修改设计”的动态信息设计方法。
本文的研究与实践,使大断面巷道锚杆支护由工程类比上升到定量分析,为柠条塔同类巷道的锚杆支护设计提供了一定的工程参考依据。
With the development of bolt supporting theory in our country’s coal, the technician do a lot of work, accumulate much information and get abundant experiences from supporting theory and practice. Recently pin timbering has been extensive used because the bolting of coal road has mellowed, however the problem of difficult tunnel reinforcement haven’t been solved properly, for example, wide span tunnel, heavy section. All in all, whether can we work out the problem is a critical issue for coal exploitation and safety in production.
By means of theoretical analysis and field practice, bolt supporting of wide span tunnel is studied wholly and systematically. This paper summarizes the mechanism of destabilization in bolting roadway and supporting theory. Based on generalizing the method which the design of bolt supporting, this thesis study the parameter designing method which about bolt supporting in big section of rectangle tunnel. Through using the way that rectangle roadway equivalent ellipse, to determine the floor of tunnel’s plastic zone. We carried out the practical study on the ground of large span coal that the Ningtiaota Coal. The bolting designs were determined and analysed the stability of bolt supporting by using FLAC2D.By means of field practice, we make multiple monitoring on the support effect in synchronism and analysis the monitoring data by data processing software. We evaluate the support effect and achieve the goal of dynamic design which combined preliminary design and engineering monitor in the light of feedback information optimal design.
The paper proposed theory of calculation is fit for supporting designing. It has certain efficiency and usability, and solve some technical difficult problems in the Ningtiaota Coal Mine well, and supply the design reference of the similar tunnel return air course support.
引文
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[3]刘玉堂.英国锚杆支护技术,全国煤矿煤巷锚杆支护现场会,1995,6.
[4] S.R.Newson,The use of Roof bolting in Mines in West Germany and France , The Mining Engineer,1986,1.
[5]修作量.浅谈煤巷锚杆支护技术的现状和发展,煤矿开采,1996.
[6]R.G.Siddall & W.J.Gale,Strata Control a new science for old problem, Mining Engineer,1992.
[7]P.Williams , The development of rock bolting in UK coal mining , Mining Engineer,1994.
[8]我国煤矿Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类煤巷锚杆支护技术推广推荐意见,煤炭部锚杆支护专家组,1996.
[9]成家钰.加大力度扩大煤巷锚杆支护技术的应用,矿山压力与顶板管理,1996.7.
[10]庞建勇.深井煤巷锚索加固技术的应用,矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,2.
[11]刘民东.高应力软岩硐室锚索支护实践[J],焦作矿业学院院报,1994,22(4).
[12]彭书林.周营昌,冯学工,无粘结预应力锚索工艺施工方法,河北地质矿产信息,2004,2.
[13]袁和生.煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术[M]北京,煤炭工业出版社,1997.
[14]何炳银.锚杆与锚索联合支护的协调性讨论,江苏煤炭,2003,4.
[15]何满潮,袁和生,靖洪文等.中国煤矿锚杆支护理论与实践[M],科学出版社,2004.
[16]贾颖绚,宋宏伟.土木工程中锚杆支护机理研究现状与展望.岩土工程界,2004.6(8):53~55.
[17]刘相寿.三软煤层巷道“锚索-锚网梁”支护技术探索.煤炭技术,2005,24(5),23~24.
[18]王成武.“三软”煤层巷道锚杆支护的应用研究.煤炭技术,2005 ,24(1),33~35.
[19]王希良,彭苏萍,杜木民.“三软”煤层巷道围岩变形破坏机理分析.煤炭科学技术,2002,30(4),6~8.
[20]庞立新,姚冬青.三软煤层大断面巷道锚网支护技术探索与实践.煤矿开采,2002(1),40~42.
[21]杨双锁,康力勋.锚杆作用机理及不同锚固方式的力学特性.太原理工大学学报,2003,34(50),540~543.
[22]谷拴成,奚家米等.三软煤层大跨度全煤巷道锚杆(索)支护成套技术研究.西安:西安科技大学,2005.
[23]徐干成,白洪才等.地下工程支护结构.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[24]孙均.地下工程设计理论与实践.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996,124~133.
[25]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒等.地下工程围岩稳定分析.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[26]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定性的力学问题.岩石力学与工程学报,1982.2(1):1~19.
[27] Hanjie Chen. Stress Analysis In Longwall Entry Roof Under High Horizontal Stress[D],West Virginia University,1999.
[28]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999,7~9.
[29]Recommendaions for Prestressed Rock and Soll Anchors post-Tensioning Institution.1982.
[30] Draft for Development Recommendations for ground anchorages British standards Institution.1982.
[31] Lang.T.A.Theory and practice of rock bolting[J]. Trans.AIME.Society of Mining Engineers,1961,vol.220:333-348.
[32]袁和生主编.煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术[M].煤炭工业出版社,1997.9.
[33]查文化.综放回采巷道锚杆支护设计研究[D].淮南工业学院,2001.6.
[34]宋广太,库明欣等.煤巷锚杆支护施工指南[M].煤炭工业出版社,1999.2.
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[37]漆泰岳,陆士良,高波.大变形巷道锚杆的力学特性[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002.9.
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[41]郭志宏,董方庭.围岩松动圈与巷道支护.矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,111~114.
[42]郑颖人.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[43]陆家梁.软岩巷道支护原则及支护方法.软岩工程,1990. (3):20~24.
[44]董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论.锚杆支护,1997. (1):5~9.
[45]董方庭等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及其应用技术.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[46]杨双锁著.回采巷道围岩控制理论及锚固结构支护原理[M].煤炭工业出版社,2004.4
[47]温大维,吴爱民.困难条件下煤巷锚杆控顶技术[J].煤炭科学技术,1999.6
[48]刘民东,贾安立.高应力煤巷锚杆支护围岩活动规律研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999.1(S)
[49]单凤钱,李世新,张益东.回采巷道锚杆支护机理分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000.4
[50]陈艾.白芨沟矿全煤巷锚网索支护技术的应用[J].矿业安全与环保,2003.1
[51]徐明初,吴邦全,朱成义.煤巷预应力锚杆支护设计与巷道变形监测[J].煤矿开采,2002.3
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