基于锚杆组群工作荷载无损检测的巷道围岩稳定性研究
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摘要
锚杆支护相对于棚式支护是一种主动支护方式,可节约大量的钢材,从而降低了支护成本和工作量,它的优越性是其他支护方式无可比拟的,所以锚杆支护在采矿、水利、隧道等工程中被广泛应用。对于锚杆支护巷道或硐室围岩的稳定性也受到越来越多工程技术人员的关注,许多研究人员从不同的角度对其稳定性的判定和预测进行了深入研究,大部分研究都是按照固体力学中的静力学的研究方法,把围岩的变形做为主要的研究对象,但是巷道围岩稳定都受到开采活动的强烈影响,导致围岩应力重新分布和围岩大范围的移动和破裂,所以依据静力学理论的观察方法和测试仪器所测得的围岩稳定性的数据信息相对滞后,并且由此做出围岩稳定性预测,再采取控制措施就处于被动,所以我们致力于研究一种能够实时对围岩稳定性作出快速、准确的预测、判断的方法。
随着计算机技术和现代检测技术的快速发展,在巷道、硐室围岩稳定性的预测和破坏机理及其过程的损伤诊断中出现了一些智能的、动态的测试方法,如用电磁辐射、超声波、声发射和地质雷达等,使我们有可能直接测得矿山压力的变化规律这一围岩稳定的关键因素。依据围岩稳定性研究与实践知识,在基于锚杆无损检测的基础上,提出了判定和预测群锚结构围岩稳定性的一种新的方法：通过无损检测得到锚杆组群的工作荷载实时的对围岩稳定性作出评价。
本文研究的主要内容是通过对巷道内锚杆组群动态响应(速度、加速度)的无损检测和实时分析,获取锚杆工作载荷的变化信息,进而预测、判断围岩的稳定性。研究内容如下：
(1)通过对锚杆的锚固作用原理及围岩损伤规律的内涵的研究,得到锚杆与围岩相互作用的内涵,为本文提出的方法提供理论依据。
(2)研究应力波在锚杆中的传播规律,建立应力波参数与锚杆工作载荷之间的定量关系,解决锚杆工作荷载无损检测技术的关键问题。
(3)通过室内相似模拟实验研究分析无损检测锚杆工作荷载方法的可行性及锚杆工作荷载与围岩变形之间的关系,揭示巷道围岩变形、破坏过程中锚杆组群工作荷载的变化规律。
(4)采用CMT(A)锚杆弹性波无损检测仪和分析处理软件在国阳二矿进行工业性试验,研究通过无损检测群锚结构的工作荷载判定围岩稳定性的可行性。
通过理论研究和室内、工业实验的研究分析,表明通过应力波无损检测方法测定锚杆组群的工作荷载来预测、判断群锚结构围岩的稳定性是一种快速,有效的围岩稳定性预测、判定方法,该方法能够对围岩稳定性做出实时判断,为锚杆支护结构的优化设计、加固补强提供及时、可靠的决策依据。
Bolt support relative to the shelf-type support is a proactive approach can save a lot of steel, thereby reducing support costs and the workload of supporting roadway; its advantage is the other way unparalleled support, so bolting in the mining, water, tunnels and other projects were widely used. For bolting roadway or the stability of surrounding rock has also been growing concern about engineering and technical personnel, many researchers from different angles to determine its stability and forecast in-depth research, most studies In accordance with the static solid mechanics research methods, the deformation of the rock as the main object of study, but the surrounding rock stability is strongly influenced by mining activities, leading to stress redistribution and the rock surrounding a wide range of mobile And rupture, so the static theory based on observation methods and test equipment are measured data of surrounding rock stability is lagging behind, and the resulting stability of surrounding rock to make forecasts, and then taken to a passive control measures, so we are committed to a study on the stability of surrounding rock in real time to fast, accurate forecasts, to determine the method.
With the computer technology and the rapid development of modern detection techniques, in the roadway, the stability of surrounding rock and the process of prediction and failure mechanism of the injury diagnosis there have been some intelligent and dynamic testing methods, such as electromagnetic radiation ultrasonic、acoustic emission and ground penetrating radar, so that we may directly measured the pressure variation of mining key to the stability of the surrounding factors. Research and practice based on knowledge of surrounding rock stability, anchor-based non-destructive testing, based on the proposed structure determination and stability of surrounding rock anchor group predicted a new way:through non-destructive testing work by bolt load real-time group to evaluate the stability of surrounding rock.
The main contents of this paper is to tunnel through the anchor group of dynamic response (velocity, acceleration) of the non-destructive testing and real-time analysis of changes in work load for anchor information to predict, determine the stability of surrounding rock. Contents are as follows:
(1) Through the anchor role to anchor the principle and the connotation of surrounding rock of damage law, get anchor rod and the connotation of surrounding rock interaction for the method in this paper, provides the theory basis.
(2) Study of stress wave in the propagation law of stress wave parameters, establish working load and bolt the quantitative relationship between working load, solve anchor the key problems of nondestructive testing technology.
(3) By indoor analog simulation experiment study nondestructive testing anchor the feasibility of the method and working load working load anchor with the relationship between wallrock deformation, revealing drift wallrock deformation, destruction, process anchor group work load change rule.
(4) With CMT (A) anchor elastic wave nondestructive detector and analysis software in countries on industrial test Yang two ore by nondestructive testing, study the structure of anchor cable group working load the feasibility of judge the stability of surrounding rock.
Through theoretical study and laboratory, industrial and experiment shows that stress wave nondestructive testing methods through the determination of work load bolt group to predict, determine the stability of rock structures anchoring group is a fast and effective stability of surrounding rock forecasting, decision method, which can make real judgments on the stability of surrounding rock, bolt support structure for the optimal design of reinforcement to provide timely and reliable basis for decision making.
随着计算机技术和现代检测技术的快速发展,在巷道、硐室围岩稳定性的预测和破坏机理及其过程的损伤诊断中出现了一些智能的、动态的测试方法,如用电磁辐射、超声波、声发射和地质雷达等,使我们有可能直接测得矿山压力的变化规律这一围岩稳定的关键因素。依据围岩稳定性研究与实践知识,在基于锚杆无损检测的基础上,提出了判定和预测群锚结构围岩稳定性的一种新的方法：通过无损检测得到锚杆组群的工作荷载实时的对围岩稳定性作出评价。
本文研究的主要内容是通过对巷道内锚杆组群动态响应(速度、加速度)的无损检测和实时分析,获取锚杆工作载荷的变化信息,进而预测、判断围岩的稳定性。研究内容如下：
(1)通过对锚杆的锚固作用原理及围岩损伤规律的内涵的研究,得到锚杆与围岩相互作用的内涵,为本文提出的方法提供理论依据。
(2)研究应力波在锚杆中的传播规律,建立应力波参数与锚杆工作载荷之间的定量关系,解决锚杆工作荷载无损检测技术的关键问题。
(3)通过室内相似模拟实验研究分析无损检测锚杆工作荷载方法的可行性及锚杆工作荷载与围岩变形之间的关系,揭示巷道围岩变形、破坏过程中锚杆组群工作荷载的变化规律。
(4)采用CMT(A)锚杆弹性波无损检测仪和分析处理软件在国阳二矿进行工业性试验,研究通过无损检测群锚结构的工作荷载判定围岩稳定性的可行性。
通过理论研究和室内、工业实验的研究分析,表明通过应力波无损检测方法测定锚杆组群的工作荷载来预测、判断群锚结构围岩的稳定性是一种快速,有效的围岩稳定性预测、判定方法,该方法能够对围岩稳定性做出实时判断,为锚杆支护结构的优化设计、加固补强提供及时、可靠的决策依据。
Bolt support relative to the shelf-type support is a proactive approach can save a lot of steel, thereby reducing support costs and the workload of supporting roadway; its advantage is the other way unparalleled support, so bolting in the mining, water, tunnels and other projects were widely used. For bolting roadway or the stability of surrounding rock has also been growing concern about engineering and technical personnel, many researchers from different angles to determine its stability and forecast in-depth research, most studies In accordance with the static solid mechanics research methods, the deformation of the rock as the main object of study, but the surrounding rock stability is strongly influenced by mining activities, leading to stress redistribution and the rock surrounding a wide range of mobile And rupture, so the static theory based on observation methods and test equipment are measured data of surrounding rock stability is lagging behind, and the resulting stability of surrounding rock to make forecasts, and then taken to a passive control measures, so we are committed to a study on the stability of surrounding rock in real time to fast, accurate forecasts, to determine the method.
With the computer technology and the rapid development of modern detection techniques, in the roadway, the stability of surrounding rock and the process of prediction and failure mechanism of the injury diagnosis there have been some intelligent and dynamic testing methods, such as electromagnetic radiation ultrasonic、acoustic emission and ground penetrating radar, so that we may directly measured the pressure variation of mining key to the stability of the surrounding factors. Research and practice based on knowledge of surrounding rock stability, anchor-based non-destructive testing, based on the proposed structure determination and stability of surrounding rock anchor group predicted a new way:through non-destructive testing work by bolt load real-time group to evaluate the stability of surrounding rock.
The main contents of this paper is to tunnel through the anchor group of dynamic response (velocity, acceleration) of the non-destructive testing and real-time analysis of changes in work load for anchor information to predict, determine the stability of surrounding rock. Contents are as follows:
(1) Through the anchor role to anchor the principle and the connotation of surrounding rock of damage law, get anchor rod and the connotation of surrounding rock interaction for the method in this paper, provides the theory basis.
(2) Study of stress wave in the propagation law of stress wave parameters, establish working load and bolt the quantitative relationship between working load, solve anchor the key problems of nondestructive testing technology.
(3) By indoor analog simulation experiment study nondestructive testing anchor the feasibility of the method and working load working load anchor with the relationship between wallrock deformation, revealing drift wallrock deformation, destruction, process anchor group work load change rule.
(4) With CMT (A) anchor elastic wave nondestructive detector and analysis software in countries on industrial test Yang two ore by nondestructive testing, study the structure of anchor cable group working load the feasibility of judge the stability of surrounding rock.
Through theoretical study and laboratory, industrial and experiment shows that stress wave nondestructive testing methods through the determination of work load bolt group to predict, determine the stability of rock structures anchoring group is a fast and effective stability of surrounding rock forecasting, decision method, which can make real judgments on the stability of surrounding rock, bolt support structure for the optimal design of reinforcement to provide timely and reliable basis for decision making.
引文
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[3]张勇,华安增.巷道系统的动态稳定性研究[J].煤炭学报.2003,28(1)：22-25.
[4]靖洪文,李元海,许国安.深埋巷道围岩稳定性分析与控制技术研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):877-880.
[5]李义,刘海峰,孙仁元.反射波法检测锚杆锚固质量的几个问题研究[A].第六次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].武汉：中国科学技术出版社,2000.10,813-817.
[6]汪明武,王鹤龄.锚固质量的无损检测技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):126-129.
[7]许明,张永兴,阴可.锚杆极限承载力的人工神经网络预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002.21(5):755-758.
[8]王军民,陈义群,陈华.高速公路锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2004.19(4):782-785.
[9]钟宏伟,胡祥云,熊永红等.锚杆锚固质量声波检测技术的现状分析[J].工程地球物理学报,2005.(1):50-55.
[10]Beard, M.D and Lowe M.J.S. Non-destructive testing of rock bolts using guided ultrasonic waves, Intl Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science,40(2003), pp 527-536, Feb.2003.
[11]刘玉堂,王留义,李明等.无损锚杆测力计[J].煤炭科学技术,1998,26(2):37-39.
[12]Ivanovic A, Starkey A, Neilson R.D, Rodger A.A. The influence of load on the frequency response of rock bolt anchorage. Advances Engineering Software,34(2003):697-705.
[13]汤雷,陆士良,赵海云.巷道围岩变形破坏过程中锚固力的变化规律[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(06):22-25.
[14]于学馥,郑颖人等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社.1980.
[15]许传华,任青文等.地下工程围岩稳定性分析方法研究进展[J].金属矿山,2003-02:34-37.
[16]Choquet P, Rock Bolting Practical Guide, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy,1991.
[17]Sundholm, S. The quality control of rock bolts, Proceedings of the Society for Rock Mechanics,1987, 6(2):1255-1264.
[18]李义,王成.应力波反射法检测锚杆锚固质量技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(2):160-164.
[19]杨湖,王成.锚杆围岩系统数学模型的建立及动态响应分析[J].华北工学院测试技术学报,2002,16(1):41-44.
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