辫状河储层非均质性及非均质概念模型的建立
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摘要
储层非均质性是影响油气渗流和驱替过程中最直接的因素之一,它对剩余油的分布有较大的影响。Palogue油田位于苏丹3/7区Melut盆地的北部,目前正处于油田评价阶段。前人的研究表明该油田储层主要是以辫状河为主的陆相沉积地层,砂体发育,物性较好,孔渗较高。
本文围绕非均质性评价这一核心目的,综合运用了沉积学、石油地质学、开发地质学、储层三维地质建模等理论与技术方法,对Palogue油田Yabus砂组储层的层间非均质性、层内非均质性、平面非均质性以及微观非均质性进行了研究,并在基础地质研究的基础上,应用随机模拟的方法,建立了该区的非均质概念模型,准确、真实、客观的反映了研究区储层的非均质特征。
研究表明,储层的孔隙度和渗透率均较高,物性较好,分层系数低,分层性差,各个砂组之间的层间非均质性较弱,砂组内的单砂层间不会产生层间干扰,而在整个含油层系规模内单砂层间非均质性则比较严重;在层内,由于交错层理的复杂性和层内随机分布的夹层,影响了渗透率的各向异性,研究表明其层内非均质性以中等为主;在平面上,研究区主力单砂层的渗透率很高,特别是沿着北西-南东方向,变化幅度小,非均质性较弱,而在北东-南西方向渗透率的变异程度高、非均质性强,沉积微相是控制储层非均质性的重要因素,沉积微相的平面展布与储层参数的平面分布有较好的相关性;通过对Yabus砂组储层的岩石类型、结构特征、孔隙与喉道的类型、孔喉分布特征的分析,认为Yabus组储层总体上具有特高孔、特高渗、中细孔喉、孔喉分选差的特征,储层的微观非均质性整体上比较严重。
根据研究区的特征和所有资料的情况,选取FAL-1断块为重点研究区块,运用Petrel 2007建模软件,建立了Palogue油田非均质概念模型,包括沉积微相模型、流动单元模型、属性模型(包括孔隙度模型和渗透率模型),准确的反映了研究区储层非均质性的特点,模拟结果与地质认识相符。
基于以上的研究,综合评价了Palogue油田辫状河储层的非均质性,对油田开发有重要的意义。
Reservoir heterogeneity is the major factor to influence on the seepage flow and driving of petroleum, which plays an important role in the distribution of remaining oil. Palogue oilfield locating in the north of Melut Basin in 3/7 area of Sudan, which is still under the stage of field evaluation. Results of regional research show that the reservoir of Palogue oilfield belongs to continental facies sedimentary strata predominated by braided rivers. The reservoir has the typical characteristics of good development of sand body , high porosity, high permeability, and the reservoir physical property is good.
The paper focuses on the evaluation of heterogeneity, using different theories and techniques of many subjects including sedimentary, petroleum geology, development geology, modeling of geology and so on, to do the research about reservoir in-layer heterogeneity, interlayer heterogeneity, plane heterogeneity and microscopic heterogeneity. On the base of basic geological study, it builds the heterogeneity conceptual model by using reservoir stochastic simulation technology. The model shows the characteristics of reservoir heterogeneity objectively, correctly and externally.
Research shows that the reservoir of Palogue oilfield is characterized by high porosity and permeability. The reservoir interlayer heterogeneity research observes that the stratification is weak according to low stratification coefficient, interlayer heterogeneity between the various sand groups is weak, and it does not produce interlayer interference in sand group. But the heterogeneity between the single sand is quite serious in the scale of entire oil-bearing series. In the layer, the complexity of cross beddings and interlayers affect the permeability anisotropy, research shows that the in-layer heterogeneity is medium. In the plane, the main study area has high permeability of the single sands. The reservoir is characterized by great plane discrepant distribution of permeability, especially along the direction of northeast-southwest, the permeability variance is the most remarkable. Sedimentary microfacies is the most important factor to impact reservoir heterogeneity, the horizontal distribution of reservoir parameters is fairly well correlated with the planar distribution of the microfacies. On the base of research on reservoir micro-characteristic, such as lithologic property, types of pore and throat, pore throat distribution and so on, reservoir microscopic heterogeneity is introduced. Reservoir of Yabus Group is characterized by coarse pores, fine throat, weak separation of pore and throat, which indicates that the micro heterogeneity is serious.
According to the results of reservoir heterogeneity research, with the software of Petrel 2007,established the heterogeneity conceptual model of braided river reservoirs in Palogue oilfield, which include sedimentary facies model, flow unit model, porosity model and permeability model. The simulation results accord with the geological knowledge, and reflect the heterogeneity of Palogue oilfield exactly.
Based on the above researchs, the paper gets a comprehensive evaluation for the heterogeneity of the braided river reservoirs in Palogue oilfield, and has the great significance to oilfield development.
本文围绕非均质性评价这一核心目的,综合运用了沉积学、石油地质学、开发地质学、储层三维地质建模等理论与技术方法,对Palogue油田Yabus砂组储层的层间非均质性、层内非均质性、平面非均质性以及微观非均质性进行了研究,并在基础地质研究的基础上,应用随机模拟的方法,建立了该区的非均质概念模型,准确、真实、客观的反映了研究区储层的非均质特征。
研究表明,储层的孔隙度和渗透率均较高,物性较好,分层系数低,分层性差,各个砂组之间的层间非均质性较弱,砂组内的单砂层间不会产生层间干扰,而在整个含油层系规模内单砂层间非均质性则比较严重;在层内,由于交错层理的复杂性和层内随机分布的夹层,影响了渗透率的各向异性,研究表明其层内非均质性以中等为主;在平面上,研究区主力单砂层的渗透率很高,特别是沿着北西-南东方向,变化幅度小,非均质性较弱,而在北东-南西方向渗透率的变异程度高、非均质性强,沉积微相是控制储层非均质性的重要因素,沉积微相的平面展布与储层参数的平面分布有较好的相关性;通过对Yabus砂组储层的岩石类型、结构特征、孔隙与喉道的类型、孔喉分布特征的分析,认为Yabus组储层总体上具有特高孔、特高渗、中细孔喉、孔喉分选差的特征,储层的微观非均质性整体上比较严重。
根据研究区的特征和所有资料的情况,选取FAL-1断块为重点研究区块,运用Petrel 2007建模软件,建立了Palogue油田非均质概念模型,包括沉积微相模型、流动单元模型、属性模型(包括孔隙度模型和渗透率模型),准确的反映了研究区储层非均质性的特点,模拟结果与地质认识相符。
基于以上的研究,综合评价了Palogue油田辫状河储层的非均质性,对油田开发有重要的意义。
Reservoir heterogeneity is the major factor to influence on the seepage flow and driving of petroleum, which plays an important role in the distribution of remaining oil. Palogue oilfield locating in the north of Melut Basin in 3/7 area of Sudan, which is still under the stage of field evaluation. Results of regional research show that the reservoir of Palogue oilfield belongs to continental facies sedimentary strata predominated by braided rivers. The reservoir has the typical characteristics of good development of sand body , high porosity, high permeability, and the reservoir physical property is good.
The paper focuses on the evaluation of heterogeneity, using different theories and techniques of many subjects including sedimentary, petroleum geology, development geology, modeling of geology and so on, to do the research about reservoir in-layer heterogeneity, interlayer heterogeneity, plane heterogeneity and microscopic heterogeneity. On the base of basic geological study, it builds the heterogeneity conceptual model by using reservoir stochastic simulation technology. The model shows the characteristics of reservoir heterogeneity objectively, correctly and externally.
Research shows that the reservoir of Palogue oilfield is characterized by high porosity and permeability. The reservoir interlayer heterogeneity research observes that the stratification is weak according to low stratification coefficient, interlayer heterogeneity between the various sand groups is weak, and it does not produce interlayer interference in sand group. But the heterogeneity between the single sand is quite serious in the scale of entire oil-bearing series. In the layer, the complexity of cross beddings and interlayers affect the permeability anisotropy, research shows that the in-layer heterogeneity is medium. In the plane, the main study area has high permeability of the single sands. The reservoir is characterized by great plane discrepant distribution of permeability, especially along the direction of northeast-southwest, the permeability variance is the most remarkable. Sedimentary microfacies is the most important factor to impact reservoir heterogeneity, the horizontal distribution of reservoir parameters is fairly well correlated with the planar distribution of the microfacies. On the base of research on reservoir micro-characteristic, such as lithologic property, types of pore and throat, pore throat distribution and so on, reservoir microscopic heterogeneity is introduced. Reservoir of Yabus Group is characterized by coarse pores, fine throat, weak separation of pore and throat, which indicates that the micro heterogeneity is serious.
According to the results of reservoir heterogeneity research, with the software of Petrel 2007,established the heterogeneity conceptual model of braided river reservoirs in Palogue oilfield, which include sedimentary facies model, flow unit model, porosity model and permeability model. The simulation results accord with the geological knowledge, and reflect the heterogeneity of Palogue oilfield exactly.
Based on the above researchs, the paper gets a comprehensive evaluation for the heterogeneity of the braided river reservoirs in Palogue oilfield, and has the great significance to oilfield development.
引文
Alabert F, Modot V. Sochastic models of reservoir heterogeneities: Impact on connectivity and average permeabilities. SPE 24893.SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Washing DC,1992,355～370
D.K.Larue and H.Legarre. Flow units, connectivity, and reservoir characterization in a wave-dominated deltaic reservoir:Meren reservoir,Nigeria. AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(3):303～324
Da Costa e Silva A.J. A new approach to the characterization of reservoir heterogeneity based on the geomathematical model and kriging technique. SPE 14275,1985
Enrique Moreno-Ostos, Luis Cruz-Pizarro, et al. Spatial Heterogeneity of Cyanobacteria and Diatoms in a Thermally Stratified Canyon-Shaped Reservoir. International Review of Hydrobiology,2009,94(3):245～257
Hildegard Westphal,Gregor P.Eberli, et al. Reservoir characterization of the Mississippian Madison Formation,Wind River basin,Wyonming. AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(4):405～432
Lyndon A.Yose, Steven Brown, et al. 3-D geologic model of a fractured carbonate reservoir, Norman Wells Field,NWT,Canada. Bulletin of Vanadian Petroleum Geology,2001,49(1):86～116
Madeleine Peijs-van Hilten, Tiothy R.Good, and Brian A.Zitlin. Heterogeneity modeling and geopseudo upscaling applied to water-flood performance prediction of an incised valley reservoir:Countess YY pool,Southern Alberta Canada. AAPG,1998,82(12):2220～2245
Marco A.S.Moraes. Diageneisis and microscopic heterogeneity of lacustrine deltaic and turbiditic sandstone reservoirs(Lower Cretaceous),Potiguar Basin,Brazil. AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(11):1758～1771
Martinez G,Contreras M, et al. Conceptual models of phytoplankton abundance associated to spatial heterogeneity at the Rapel reservoir(central Chile). Revista Chilena De Historia Natural,2003,76(2):255～266
Matthew J.Pranter, et al. Analysis and modeling of intermediate-scale reservoir heterogeneity based on a fluvial point-bar outcrop analog,Williams Fork Formation,PiceanceBasin,Colorado. AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):1025～1051
Miall A D. Reservoir heterogeneity in fluvial sandstones:lessons from outcrop studies. AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(6):682～697
Ranie Lynds and Elizabeth Hajek. Conceptual model for predicting mudstone dimensions in sandy braided-river reservoirs. AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(8):1273～1288
Richard a.Eisenberg, et al. Modeling reservoir heterogeneity within outer ramp carbonate facies using an outcrop analog,San Andres Formation of the Permian Basin. AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(9):1337～1359
Shedid SA. Influences of Different Modes of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Performance and Oil Recovery of Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2009,48(2):29～36
Singhal AK,Springer SJ. Characterization of reservoir heterogeneity based on performance of infill wells in waterfloods. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2006,45(7):46
W.J.E.Van De Graff, et al. Quantification of Macro to Megascale Reservoir Heterogeneity:A Practical Approach Based on Computer Mapping Techniques.1992, SPE 25001,391～398
Westphal H,Eberli GP, et al. Reservoir characterization of the Mississipian Madison Formation,Wind River Basin,Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(4):405～432
陈凤喜,卢涛,等.苏里格气田辫状河沉积相研究及其在地质建模中的应用.石油地质与工程,2008,22(2):21～24
董桂玉,何幼斌,徐徽,等.储层宏观非均质性的几种表征方法.石油天然气学报,2005,27 (4):590～591
杜强,康永尚,万力等.渗透性参数非均质特征的研究进展.地学前缘,1996,3(1):182～189
靳彦欣,林承焰,赵丽,等.关于用FZI划分流动单元的探讨.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):130～132
李德勇,戴祉平.沙埝油田沙23断块阜三1亚段油层非均质性评价.石油天然气学报,2009,30(3):36～41
李继红,陈清华.孤岛油田储层微观结构特征及其影响因素.西北石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(3):241～244
李薇.苏丹Palogue油田层序地层与储层分布预测:[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2006
李玉君.相控下的流动单元三维建模研究.断块油气田,2007,14(6):47～49
牛世忠,胡望水,熊平.储层非均质性模型在红岗油田高台子油藏中的应用,2009,31(4)
秦积舜,李爱芬.油层物理学.山东:石油大学出版社,2001
师调调.松辽盆地敖包塔油田南部葡363—茂405区块沉积微相与储层非均质性研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2009
石晓燕. Petrel软件在精细地质建模中的应用.新疆石油地质,2007,28(6):773～774
唐永,张春生,汤大可.元城油田庆64井区延101储层沉积微相与非均质性研究.内蒙古石油化工,2007
王改云.胜坨油田三区东三段储层非均质模型研究:[硕士学位论文].山东:中国石油大学,2007
王行运,高云文.樊家川油田河流相储层砂体沉积模式.西北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(4):634～634
吴元燕,吴胜和,蔡正旗.油矿地质学(第三版).北京:石油工业出版社,2005
谢俊,张金亮.法21断块储层非均质性研究.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,22(3):10～13
辛长静,何幼斌,董桂玉.毛管压力曲线在储层微观非均质性研究中的应用.河南石油,2006,20(3):57～59
杨县超,张林,李江等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田储层微观孔隙结构特征.地质科技情报,2009,28(3):73～76
于兴河.碎屑岩系含油气储层沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
张吉,张烈辉,胡书勇等.陆相碎屑岩储层隔夹层成因、特征及其识别.测井技术,2003,27(3):222～223
张树林,夏斌,何家雄.崖城13-1气田构造模型和流动单元层模型的建立.断块油气田,2005,12(5):1～5
赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学(第三版).北京:石油工业出版社,2001
赵霞飞.河流相模式与储层非均质性.成都理工学院学报,1999,26(4):357～364
D.K.Larue and H.Legarre. Flow units, connectivity, and reservoir characterization in a wave-dominated deltaic reservoir:Meren reservoir,Nigeria. AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(3):303～324
Da Costa e Silva A.J. A new approach to the characterization of reservoir heterogeneity based on the geomathematical model and kriging technique. SPE 14275,1985
Enrique Moreno-Ostos, Luis Cruz-Pizarro, et al. Spatial Heterogeneity of Cyanobacteria and Diatoms in a Thermally Stratified Canyon-Shaped Reservoir. International Review of Hydrobiology,2009,94(3):245～257
Hildegard Westphal,Gregor P.Eberli, et al. Reservoir characterization of the Mississippian Madison Formation,Wind River basin,Wyonming. AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(4):405～432
Lyndon A.Yose, Steven Brown, et al. 3-D geologic model of a fractured carbonate reservoir, Norman Wells Field,NWT,Canada. Bulletin of Vanadian Petroleum Geology,2001,49(1):86～116
Madeleine Peijs-van Hilten, Tiothy R.Good, and Brian A.Zitlin. Heterogeneity modeling and geopseudo upscaling applied to water-flood performance prediction of an incised valley reservoir:Countess YY pool,Southern Alberta Canada. AAPG,1998,82(12):2220～2245
Marco A.S.Moraes. Diageneisis and microscopic heterogeneity of lacustrine deltaic and turbiditic sandstone reservoirs(Lower Cretaceous),Potiguar Basin,Brazil. AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(11):1758～1771
Martinez G,Contreras M, et al. Conceptual models of phytoplankton abundance associated to spatial heterogeneity at the Rapel reservoir(central Chile). Revista Chilena De Historia Natural,2003,76(2):255～266
Matthew J.Pranter, et al. Analysis and modeling of intermediate-scale reservoir heterogeneity based on a fluvial point-bar outcrop analog,Williams Fork Formation,PiceanceBasin,Colorado. AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):1025～1051
Miall A D. Reservoir heterogeneity in fluvial sandstones:lessons from outcrop studies. AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(6):682～697
Ranie Lynds and Elizabeth Hajek. Conceptual model for predicting mudstone dimensions in sandy braided-river reservoirs. AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(8):1273～1288
Richard a.Eisenberg, et al. Modeling reservoir heterogeneity within outer ramp carbonate facies using an outcrop analog,San Andres Formation of the Permian Basin. AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(9):1337～1359
Shedid SA. Influences of Different Modes of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Performance and Oil Recovery of Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2009,48(2):29～36
Singhal AK,Springer SJ. Characterization of reservoir heterogeneity based on performance of infill wells in waterfloods. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2006,45(7):46
W.J.E.Van De Graff, et al. Quantification of Macro to Megascale Reservoir Heterogeneity:A Practical Approach Based on Computer Mapping Techniques.1992, SPE 25001,391～398
Westphal H,Eberli GP, et al. Reservoir characterization of the Mississipian Madison Formation,Wind River Basin,Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(4):405～432
陈凤喜,卢涛,等.苏里格气田辫状河沉积相研究及其在地质建模中的应用.石油地质与工程,2008,22(2):21～24
董桂玉,何幼斌,徐徽,等.储层宏观非均质性的几种表征方法.石油天然气学报,2005,27 (4):590～591
杜强,康永尚,万力等.渗透性参数非均质特征的研究进展.地学前缘,1996,3(1):182～189
靳彦欣,林承焰,赵丽,等.关于用FZI划分流动单元的探讨.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):130～132
李德勇,戴祉平.沙埝油田沙23断块阜三1亚段油层非均质性评价.石油天然气学报,2009,30(3):36～41
李继红,陈清华.孤岛油田储层微观结构特征及其影响因素.西北石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(3):241～244
李薇.苏丹Palogue油田层序地层与储层分布预测:[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2006
李玉君.相控下的流动单元三维建模研究.断块油气田,2007,14(6):47～49
牛世忠,胡望水,熊平.储层非均质性模型在红岗油田高台子油藏中的应用,2009,31(4)
秦积舜,李爱芬.油层物理学.山东:石油大学出版社,2001
师调调.松辽盆地敖包塔油田南部葡363—茂405区块沉积微相与储层非均质性研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2009
石晓燕. Petrel软件在精细地质建模中的应用.新疆石油地质,2007,28(6):773～774
唐永,张春生,汤大可.元城油田庆64井区延101储层沉积微相与非均质性研究.内蒙古石油化工,2007
王改云.胜坨油田三区东三段储层非均质模型研究:[硕士学位论文].山东:中国石油大学,2007
王行运,高云文.樊家川油田河流相储层砂体沉积模式.西北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(4):634～634
吴元燕,吴胜和,蔡正旗.油矿地质学(第三版).北京:石油工业出版社,2005
谢俊,张金亮.法21断块储层非均质性研究.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,22(3):10～13
辛长静,何幼斌,董桂玉.毛管压力曲线在储层微观非均质性研究中的应用.河南石油,2006,20(3):57～59
杨县超,张林,李江等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田储层微观孔隙结构特征.地质科技情报,2009,28(3):73～76
于兴河.碎屑岩系含油气储层沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
张吉,张烈辉,胡书勇等.陆相碎屑岩储层隔夹层成因、特征及其识别.测井技术,2003,27(3):222～223
张树林,夏斌,何家雄.崖城13-1气田构造模型和流动单元层模型的建立.断块油气田,2005,12(5):1～5
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