基于uClinux嵌入式系统的税控收款机的研制与开发
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摘要
嵌入式系统是将先进的计算机技术、半导体技术和电子技术和各个行业的具体应用相结合后的产物。嵌入式系统已经成为当前IT产业的焦点之一，但同时大量的嵌入式应用也对嵌入式系统的性能和功能提出了更高的要求。随着嵌入式技术的发展，8位、16位单片机已经越来越不能满足应用的需要。而集成电路技术的发展使得32位微控制器的价格已经不比8位机高多少，并且基于32位RISC处理器的嵌入式系统更加受到用户的青睐。
税控收款机是带计税功能的收款机，广泛应用于国税系统大、中、小型商品零售行业，地税系统餐饮业、服务业、娱乐业等各个行业。税控收款机是国家金税工程带动的新兴产业。但是，目前市场上出现的主流税控收款机的处理器芯片大都是以8位或者16位单片机为主，现有的功能已经越来越不能满足客户的需求。以此为契机，我们研制和开发了新一代的基于32位ARM处理器的嵌入式系统的税控收款机ZTax，以满足市场的需要。
本文首先简要介绍了税控收款机，指出了目前市场流行的税控收款机的不足之处。第二章介绍了ZTax的系统设计，首先介绍了它的开发环境，然后整体设计了系统的硬件和软件方面的系统结构，其中也研究了uClinux操作系统。第三章具体设计并实现了系统中出现的几个主要设备的驱动程序，包括LCD等等。第四章介绍了ZTax对于数据保护的处理方法，其中详细分析了文件系统YAFFS的实现机制，并完成了它的移植工作，也介绍了Flash卡的选用情况，然后论述了系统对于掉电保护的处理方法。第五章实现了ZTax基于QTE的应用程序的设计。最后是总结和展望。
The embedded system is the outcome of the combination of computer technology, semiconductor, electronic technology and the application of kinds of industries. The embedded system is becoming the one of the focus in the IT industry. But meanwhile, the widely-used embedded applications need better performance and functionality of embedded systems. With the development of the embedded system, single chip board with 8 or 16 bit MCU can't fulfill the meet of applications. And with the rapid development of the integrated circuit technology, the price of 32-bit MCU is not very higher than 8-bit MCU now, and the RISC machines based on 32-bit are becoming more and more popular.
Tax-controlled Cash Register (TCR) is a cash register, which can control tax, and it is widely used in supermarkets, ordinary shops, pubs and other such kinds of places. However, the MCUs of Tax-controlled Cash Registers mainly sailed on today's market are most 8 or 16-bit MCUs, and their functions can not meet the needs of consumers any more. So, under this background, we have designed and developed the new-generation of Tax-controlled Cash Register based on embedded system with 32-bit ARM CPU.
At first, this thesis introduces what Tax-controlled Cash Register is, and outlines the deficiencies of the prevalent TCRs. In chapter 2, it introduces the designation of the system. First it introduces the environment of this project and the preparations before development. Then it designs the whole system including hardware and software. It also introduces uClinux, including its architecture, memory management, and multi-process management. In chapter 3, it introduces the device driver under uClinux, and how to implement, particularly the device of LCD and etc. are detailed. In chapter 4. it introduces an approach to protect the data. It analyzes the mechanism of the
implementation of YAFFS, and completes the porting of the file system YAFFS. It also chooses a kind of FLASH card. And it discusses how to handle the system when power is off illegally. In chapter 5, it introduces the application software of the Tax-controlled Cash Register based on QTE. At last, it gives some conclusions and foresights.
税控收款机是带计税功能的收款机，广泛应用于国税系统大、中、小型商品零售行业，地税系统餐饮业、服务业、娱乐业等各个行业。税控收款机是国家金税工程带动的新兴产业。但是，目前市场上出现的主流税控收款机的处理器芯片大都是以8位或者16位单片机为主，现有的功能已经越来越不能满足客户的需求。以此为契机，我们研制和开发了新一代的基于32位ARM处理器的嵌入式系统的税控收款机ZTax，以满足市场的需要。
本文首先简要介绍了税控收款机，指出了目前市场流行的税控收款机的不足之处。第二章介绍了ZTax的系统设计，首先介绍了它的开发环境，然后整体设计了系统的硬件和软件方面的系统结构，其中也研究了uClinux操作系统。第三章具体设计并实现了系统中出现的几个主要设备的驱动程序，包括LCD等等。第四章介绍了ZTax对于数据保护的处理方法，其中详细分析了文件系统YAFFS的实现机制，并完成了它的移植工作，也介绍了Flash卡的选用情况，然后论述了系统对于掉电保护的处理方法。第五章实现了ZTax基于QTE的应用程序的设计。最后是总结和展望。
The embedded system is the outcome of the combination of computer technology, semiconductor, electronic technology and the application of kinds of industries. The embedded system is becoming the one of the focus in the IT industry. But meanwhile, the widely-used embedded applications need better performance and functionality of embedded systems. With the development of the embedded system, single chip board with 8 or 16 bit MCU can't fulfill the meet of applications. And with the rapid development of the integrated circuit technology, the price of 32-bit MCU is not very higher than 8-bit MCU now, and the RISC machines based on 32-bit are becoming more and more popular.
Tax-controlled Cash Register (TCR) is a cash register, which can control tax, and it is widely used in supermarkets, ordinary shops, pubs and other such kinds of places. However, the MCUs of Tax-controlled Cash Registers mainly sailed on today's market are most 8 or 16-bit MCUs, and their functions can not meet the needs of consumers any more. So, under this background, we have designed and developed the new-generation of Tax-controlled Cash Register based on embedded system with 32-bit ARM CPU.
At first, this thesis introduces what Tax-controlled Cash Register is, and outlines the deficiencies of the prevalent TCRs. In chapter 2, it introduces the designation of the system. First it introduces the environment of this project and the preparations before development. Then it designs the whole system including hardware and software. It also introduces uClinux, including its architecture, memory management, and multi-process management. In chapter 3, it introduces the device driver under uClinux, and how to implement, particularly the device of LCD and etc. are detailed. In chapter 4. it introduces an approach to protect the data. It analyzes the mechanism of the
implementation of YAFFS, and completes the porting of the file system YAFFS. It also chooses a kind of FLASH card. And it discusses how to handle the system when power is off illegally. In chapter 5, it introduces the application software of the Tax-controlled Cash Register based on QTE. At last, it gives some conclusions and foresights.
引文
[1] 钟东江，税控收款机，信息与电脑，http://www. chinacc. com
[2] 时比特，纳税人经营数据可监控 税控机通用标准望出台，中国税务信息网，2002年9月16日
[3] 张然，金税工程启动税控行业，人民网，2004年2月3日
[4] 税控专栏，http://www. longfly. com. cn
[5] 众企业涉足金税工程 税控掀起“淘汰赛”，慧聪防伪商务网，2004年1月12日
[6] 林惠鹏，盘点2002年收款机市场，信息与电脑，2003年1月
[7] 刘铎，谈谈收款机与税控，信息与电脑，2002年10月
[8] 晓晨，众企业涉足税控收款机，金时网，2004年1月6日
[9] 嵌入开发技术论坛，http://www. embed. com. cn
[10] http://www. edw. com. cn/
[11] http://www. laogu. org
[12] 金西，黄汪，嵌入式Linux技术的现状与发展动向
[13] 孙永杰，“引人注目的嵌入式Linux”，微电脑世界，2000年第49期
[14] 李垣陵，UC／OS和UCLinux比较
[15] Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne, A. Silberschatz Operating System Concepts, 6th Edition, Wiley Text Books, June, 2001
[16] http://www. uClinux. org/
[17] 陈章龙，嵌入式系统——Intel XScale结构与开发，将由北京航天航空大学出版社出版
[18] M. Beck et al. Linux Kernel Internels, 2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley, 1998.
[19] Anand K Santhanam，Vishal Kulkarni，嵌入式设备上的Linux系统开发，2002
[20] 陆宝辂、邵贝贝、李荐民，uClinux的设备驱动程序开发，单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2003年第6期
[21] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers. 2nd Ed., O'Reilly, June 2001.
[22] 童诗白，华成英，模拟电子技术基础，第三版，高等教育出版社，2001年1月
[23] 阎石，数字电子技术基础，第四版，高等教育出版社，1998年11月
[24] User's Manual of SAMSUNG's S3C44BOX 16/32-Bit RISC Microprocessor, http://www. samsung. com/Products/Semiconductor/SystemLSI/MobileSolutions/MobileASSP/MobileComputing/S3C44BOX/um_s3c44box. pdf
[25] ARM Architecture Reference Manual
[26] http://linux-fbdev. sourceforge. net/
[27] linux/usr/src/kernel/Documentation/
[28] http://www. mizi. com/
[29] http://kernelnewbies. org/documents/kdoc/kernel-api/linuxkernelapi. html
[30] http://www. enseirb, fr/～kadionik/embedded/uClinux/mtd/howto_mtd. html
[31] http://www. alephl. co. uk/armlinux/projects/yaffs/index. html
[32] http://www. alephl. co. uk/yaffs/
[33] http://www. linux-mtd. infradead. org/
[34] Karim Yaghmour, Building Embedded Linux Systems, O'Reilly, April 2003
[35] David Woodhouse, JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System, Red Hat, Inc.
[36] Michael Barr, Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++, O' Reilly, January 1999
[37] Joel R. Williams, A look at embedded systems and what it takes to build one
[38] 李明, Port uClinux on real hardware
[39] Qt/Embedded, http://www. trolltech. com/
[40] Microwindows, http://microwindows. censoft. com/
[41] X Window, http://www. x. org/
[42] http://www. minigui. org/
[43] Daniel Solin著，袁鹏飞译，“24小事学通Qt编程”，人民邮电出版社
[44] 魏永明，“实时嵌入式Linux系统上GUI的发展与展望”，微电脑世界，2000年第49期
[45] Keith Haviland, Dina Gray, Ben Salama, Unix System Programming 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley
[46] W. Richard Stevens, Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment,
Addison-Wesley
[47] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati, Understanding the Linux Kernel, 2nd Ed. O' Reilly
[48] httg://www. linuxdoc. org/
[49] Mitchell Bunnell, Solving the Embedded Linux Challenges, 2000
[50] John R. Levine. Linkers & Loaders, Revision: 2.2.
[51] Programming languages - C, International Standard. ISO/IEC 9899, First edition, 1990-12-15.
[52] David Woodhouse, JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System, Red Hat Inc.
[53] Geert Uytterhoeven, The Linux Frame Buffer Device Subsystem, http://www. cs. kuleuven. ac. be/～geert/
[54] Memory Product &Technology Division, ECC Algorithm, Samsumg
[55] I2C总线规范
[56] 李祥兵等，Linux中I2C总线驱动程序的开发
[57] 许庆丰，嵌入式Linux下彩色LCD驱动的设计与实现，http://www. edw. com. cn/
[58] 税控标准，中华人民共和国国家标准GB18240．1-2003
[2] 时比特，纳税人经营数据可监控 税控机通用标准望出台，中国税务信息网，2002年9月16日
[3] 张然，金税工程启动税控行业，人民网，2004年2月3日
[4] 税控专栏，http://www. longfly. com. cn
[5] 众企业涉足金税工程 税控掀起“淘汰赛”，慧聪防伪商务网，2004年1月12日
[6] 林惠鹏，盘点2002年收款机市场，信息与电脑，2003年1月
[7] 刘铎，谈谈收款机与税控，信息与电脑，2002年10月
[8] 晓晨，众企业涉足税控收款机，金时网，2004年1月6日
[9] 嵌入开发技术论坛，http://www. embed. com. cn
[10] http://www. edw. com. cn/
[11] http://www. laogu. org
[12] 金西，黄汪，嵌入式Linux技术的现状与发展动向
[13] 孙永杰，“引人注目的嵌入式Linux”，微电脑世界，2000年第49期
[14] 李垣陵，UC／OS和UCLinux比较
[15] Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne, A. Silberschatz Operating System Concepts, 6th Edition, Wiley Text Books, June, 2001
[16] http://www. uClinux. org/
[17] 陈章龙，嵌入式系统——Intel XScale结构与开发，将由北京航天航空大学出版社出版
[18] M. Beck et al. Linux Kernel Internels, 2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley, 1998.
[19] Anand K Santhanam，Vishal Kulkarni，嵌入式设备上的Linux系统开发，2002
[20] 陆宝辂、邵贝贝、李荐民，uClinux的设备驱动程序开发，单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2003年第6期
[21] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers. 2nd Ed., O'Reilly, June 2001.
[22] 童诗白，华成英，模拟电子技术基础，第三版，高等教育出版社，2001年1月
[23] 阎石，数字电子技术基础，第四版，高等教育出版社，1998年11月
[24] User's Manual of SAMSUNG's S3C44BOX 16/32-Bit RISC Microprocessor, http://www. samsung. com/Products/Semiconductor/SystemLSI/MobileSolutions/MobileASSP/MobileComputing/S3C44BOX/um_s3c44box. pdf
[25] ARM Architecture Reference Manual
[26] http://linux-fbdev. sourceforge. net/
[27] linux/usr/src/kernel/Documentation/
[28] http://www. mizi. com/
[29] http://kernelnewbies. org/documents/kdoc/kernel-api/linuxkernelapi. html
[30] http://www. enseirb, fr/～kadionik/embedded/uClinux/mtd/howto_mtd. html
[31] http://www. alephl. co. uk/armlinux/projects/yaffs/index. html
[32] http://www. alephl. co. uk/yaffs/
[33] http://www. linux-mtd. infradead. org/
[34] Karim Yaghmour, Building Embedded Linux Systems, O'Reilly, April 2003
[35] David Woodhouse, JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System, Red Hat, Inc.
[36] Michael Barr, Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++, O' Reilly, January 1999
[37] Joel R. Williams, A look at embedded systems and what it takes to build one
[38] 李明, Port uClinux on real hardware
[39] Qt/Embedded, http://www. trolltech. com/
[40] Microwindows, http://microwindows. censoft. com/
[41] X Window, http://www. x. org/
[42] http://www. minigui. org/
[43] Daniel Solin著，袁鹏飞译，“24小事学通Qt编程”，人民邮电出版社
[44] 魏永明，“实时嵌入式Linux系统上GUI的发展与展望”，微电脑世界，2000年第49期
[45] Keith Haviland, Dina Gray, Ben Salama, Unix System Programming 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley
[46] W. Richard Stevens, Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment,
Addison-Wesley
[47] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati, Understanding the Linux Kernel, 2nd Ed. O' Reilly
[48] httg://www. linuxdoc. org/
[49] Mitchell Bunnell, Solving the Embedded Linux Challenges, 2000
[50] John R. Levine. Linkers & Loaders, Revision: 2.2.
[51] Programming languages - C, International Standard. ISO/IEC 9899, First edition, 1990-12-15.
[52] David Woodhouse, JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System, Red Hat Inc.
[53] Geert Uytterhoeven, The Linux Frame Buffer Device Subsystem, http://www. cs. kuleuven. ac. be/～geert/
[54] Memory Product &Technology Division, ECC Algorithm, Samsumg
[55] I2C总线规范
[56] 李祥兵等，Linux中I2C总线驱动程序的开发
[57] 许庆丰，嵌入式Linux下彩色LCD驱动的设计与实现，http://www. edw. com. cn/
[58] 税控标准，中华人民共和国国家标准GB18240．1-2003