介质阻挡放电对纺织品的表面改性
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摘要
迄今为止纤维改性主要采用化学方法,这种方法对纤维基质有损伤、环境污染严重。低温等离子体技术不仅对环境负载小,而且等离子体的作用渗透入表皮下面的深度不超过10纳米,不会影响纤维的整体性能,因此运用等离子体对纤维表面改性具有重要意义。
介质阻挡放电是常压下产生均匀等离子体的有效方法,它摆脱了真空条件的限制,易于进行连续化的工业处理,具有极其广阔的应用前景,已经成为低温等离子体这一研究领域中的热点。在国外,一些主要发达国家正在开展介质阻挡放电应用于大规模工业生产的研究,而国内在该领域的研究深度和广度,以及在连续工业生产中的开发应用急待加强。
本文运用课题组自制的介质阻挡放电连续处理装置,在大气压下产生高能高密度均匀低温等离子体,对涤纶织物、羊毛毛条和可染改性细旦丙纶织物分别进行了表面改性研究。实验中针对不同的纺织材料的特点,使用了更为合理有效的处理方法。对于羊毛条的处理,运用了吹气法获得了能量适宜而均匀的常压等离子体;同时借助于密度测试这一新颖而简便的方法,表征羊毛毛条的毡缩性。
涤纶织物由于吸湿性和抗静电性能较差等缺陷,一定程度上限制了它的广泛应用。本文使用在大气压下易放电产生均匀等离子体的氩
The fiber modifications are mainly done by chemical treatments up to now which are mostly harmful to environment and usually damage fiber substrates. The low-temperature plasma treatment is an environmentally friendly technique, and it doesn't alter the properties of fiber bulk due to the penetration within 10nm. Therefore, it is meaningful for us to achieve fiber surface modification using plasma treatment.Dielectric barrier discharge is effective in producing homogeneous plasma. Getting rid of the vacuum devices, it is especially suitable for using in modern continuous massive production, and hence has a broad prospect. Therefore, it has been the central concern in the field of low-temperature plasma. Some developed countries have made great efforts to carry out research on application of dielectric barrier discharge in the process of massive production, while the depth and scope of the
study must be enforced in China.This paper focused on the study of surface modification of the fabrics of polyester and dyeable modified fine polypropylene as well wool tops treated by atmospheric low-temperature plasma by means of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) designed and developed by our research group. In the experiment, we used more reasonable and effective methods according to the properties of the textiles. For example, we applied 'the blow method' to produce homogeneous plasma in the wool top treatment, and the relative felt ball density was used to test the felt-shrinkage property of wool tops.Polyester is being widely used due to its excellent properties, but it shows some inherent shortcomings such as its poor wettability and static performance. After atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in argon the wettability and the antistatic property of polyester were markedly increased and the breaking strength decreased a little. The wettability of polyester fabrics just obtained by plasma treatment was declining with increasing storage time. Fortunately, it could be improved permanently by glycerol-1-allylether (GAE) grafting using argon plasma treatment. The results showed that the suitable dosage for GAE grafting was 5%.The wool fiber is a good natural fiber and has felt-shrinkage property due to its scale structure so that its application on textile is limited. The level of anti-felt shrinkage of wool top obtained with DBD
treatment could be significantly enhanced and the felt ball tests clearly revealed it by means of the measurement of relative felt ball density. And the fiber-to-metal friction measurements showed that the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment reduced the directional frictional effect of wool fibers, which may thus provide an anti-felt shrinkage effect to the wool fibers. At the same time, after the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in argon the breaking strength and extension at break of wool fibers declined slowly with the treatment time.Fine polypropylene fibers which are improved in some kinds of performance are still hard to be dyed. The plasma processing at atmospheric pressure using a DBD in the mixed gas of argon and oxygen could impart evidently the effect of deeper hue of the dyeable modified fine polypropylene, and the effect didn't fall with the time. SEM photos confirmed that there were much more corrosion on the surface of the dyeable modified fine polypropylene after plasma treatment.
介质阻挡放电是常压下产生均匀等离子体的有效方法,它摆脱了真空条件的限制,易于进行连续化的工业处理,具有极其广阔的应用前景,已经成为低温等离子体这一研究领域中的热点。在国外,一些主要发达国家正在开展介质阻挡放电应用于大规模工业生产的研究,而国内在该领域的研究深度和广度,以及在连续工业生产中的开发应用急待加强。
本文运用课题组自制的介质阻挡放电连续处理装置,在大气压下产生高能高密度均匀低温等离子体,对涤纶织物、羊毛毛条和可染改性细旦丙纶织物分别进行了表面改性研究。实验中针对不同的纺织材料的特点,使用了更为合理有效的处理方法。对于羊毛条的处理,运用了吹气法获得了能量适宜而均匀的常压等离子体;同时借助于密度测试这一新颖而简便的方法,表征羊毛毛条的毡缩性。
涤纶织物由于吸湿性和抗静电性能较差等缺陷,一定程度上限制了它的广泛应用。本文使用在大气压下易放电产生均匀等离子体的氩
The fiber modifications are mainly done by chemical treatments up to now which are mostly harmful to environment and usually damage fiber substrates. The low-temperature plasma treatment is an environmentally friendly technique, and it doesn't alter the properties of fiber bulk due to the penetration within 10nm. Therefore, it is meaningful for us to achieve fiber surface modification using plasma treatment.Dielectric barrier discharge is effective in producing homogeneous plasma. Getting rid of the vacuum devices, it is especially suitable for using in modern continuous massive production, and hence has a broad prospect. Therefore, it has been the central concern in the field of low-temperature plasma. Some developed countries have made great efforts to carry out research on application of dielectric barrier discharge in the process of massive production, while the depth and scope of the
study must be enforced in China.This paper focused on the study of surface modification of the fabrics of polyester and dyeable modified fine polypropylene as well wool tops treated by atmospheric low-temperature plasma by means of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) designed and developed by our research group. In the experiment, we used more reasonable and effective methods according to the properties of the textiles. For example, we applied 'the blow method' to produce homogeneous plasma in the wool top treatment, and the relative felt ball density was used to test the felt-shrinkage property of wool tops.Polyester is being widely used due to its excellent properties, but it shows some inherent shortcomings such as its poor wettability and static performance. After atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in argon the wettability and the antistatic property of polyester were markedly increased and the breaking strength decreased a little. The wettability of polyester fabrics just obtained by plasma treatment was declining with increasing storage time. Fortunately, it could be improved permanently by glycerol-1-allylether (GAE) grafting using argon plasma treatment. The results showed that the suitable dosage for GAE grafting was 5%.The wool fiber is a good natural fiber and has felt-shrinkage property due to its scale structure so that its application on textile is limited. The level of anti-felt shrinkage of wool top obtained with DBD
treatment could be significantly enhanced and the felt ball tests clearly revealed it by means of the measurement of relative felt ball density. And the fiber-to-metal friction measurements showed that the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment reduced the directional frictional effect of wool fibers, which may thus provide an anti-felt shrinkage effect to the wool fibers. At the same time, after the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in argon the breaking strength and extension at break of wool fibers declined slowly with the treatment time.Fine polypropylene fibers which are improved in some kinds of performance are still hard to be dyed. The plasma processing at atmospheric pressure using a DBD in the mixed gas of argon and oxygen could impart evidently the effect of deeper hue of the dyeable modified fine polypropylene, and the effect didn't fall with the time. SEM photos confirmed that there were much more corrosion on the surface of the dyeable modified fine polypropylene after plasma treatment.
引文
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[4] Bradley·RH. Oxygen Plasma Modification of Wool Fiber Surface. Journal of Chemical and Biotechnology, 1993, (53): 3
[5] 周其凤,胡汉杰等.高分了化学.北京:化学工业出版社,2001,(10)
[6] 孙丹梅 译.等离子体技术与织物处理.国外纺织技术,2001(12):17～18
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[8] 王建明.等离子体技术及其在纺织行业的应用.国际纺织导报,1999,(3):84～86
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[12] 蔡兵.等离子体处理对非织造布表面润湿性的效应.非织造布,1998,(4):20～22
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[21] Johnson K, Kirkhorn S. et al. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996, 59
[22] Hirotsu T, Arita A. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1991, 42
[23] Gao Yahai, et al. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999(73)
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[25] 王雪燕,陈杰瑢等.低温等离子体接枝聚合用于涤纶织物改性.印染,1997,23(3):5～8
[26] N. V. BHAT AND Y. N. BENJAMIN. Surface Resistivity Behavior of Plasma Treated and Plasma Grafted Cotton and Polyester Fabrics. Textile Research Journal, 2001, 69 (1): 38～42
[27] A. Majid Sarmadi et. al. Improved water repellency and surface dyeing of polyester by plasma treatment. T. C. C., 1993, 25(12): 33～40
[28] M. G.. McCord, Y. J. Hwang etc. Modifying Nylon and Polypropylene Fabrics with Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Textile Rec. J., 2002, 72(6): 491～498
[29] Tomiji W, Munchenl Lee. Dyeing properties of oxygen low-temperature plasma-treated wool and nylon 6 fibers with acid and basic dyes [J]. JSDC, 1996, 112(9): 233～238
[30] C. W. KAN, K. CHAN, AND C. W. M. YUEN. Low Temperature Plasma on Wool Substrates: The Effect of the Nature of the Gas. Textile Research Journal, 2001, 69(6): 407～416
[31] P. ERRA, R. MOLINA, D. Jocic, AND M. R. JULIA. Shrinkage Properties of Wool Treated with Low Temperature Plasma and Chitosan Biopolymer. Textile Research Journal, 2001, 69(11): 811～815
[32] Jian Zhiwei, Chen Guang, Yuan Junhua, Miao Menghe. FTIR spectroscopic study of low temperature plasma treated wool fabric. Journal of China Textile University, English Edition 1997, 14(3): 34～40
[33] R Indu Shekar, S K Bajpai. Effect of oxygen plasma on woollen fabric properties. Indian Journal of Fibre&Textile Research, 2000, 25(3): 229～231
[34] Jian Zhiwei, Chen Guang, Yuan Jinhua. Plasma modification of wool: the effect of plasma gas on the properties of the wool fabric. Journal of China Textile University, English Edition 1998, 15(3): 5～10
[35] Tahara Mitsuru, Takatsuka Tadashi, Kimura Hirokazu, Takagishi, Toru Seni Kikai Gakkai Shi. Shrinkage of wool fabrics treated with low temperature plasma and enzymes. Joumal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan, 1997, 50(12): 77～82
[36] 金郡潮,戴瑾瑾.等离子体处理羊毛织物防毡缩性能的研究.毛纺技术,2001,(6):19～23
[37] 王妮译.羊毛织物的新型防毡缩处理—低温等离了体与壳聚糖沉积两步法,染整科技,2001,(1):58～61
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